Multiple topological states in iron-based superconductors

Zhang, Peng; Wang, Zhijun; Wu, Xianxin; Yaji, Koichiro; Ishida, Yukiaki; Kohama, Yoshimitsu; Dai, Guangyang; Sun, Yue; Bareille, Cedric; Kuroda, Kenta; Kondo, Takeshi; Okazaki, Kozo; Kindo, Koichi; Wang, Xiancheng; Jin, Changqing; Hu, Jiangping; Thomale, Ronny; Sumida, Kazuki; Wu, Shilong; Miyamoto, Koji; Okuda, Taichi; Ding, Hong; Gu, G. D.; Tamegai, Tsuyoshi; Kawakami, Takuto; Sato, Masatoshi; Shin, Shik

doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0280-z

Title: Multiple topological states in iron-based superconductors

Journal Article · 24 September 2018 · Nature Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0280-z · OSTI ID:1494043

^[1];

^[2]; Wu, Xianxin ^[3]; Yaji, Koichiro ^[1]; Ishida, Yukiaki ^[1]; Kohama, Yoshimitsu ^[1]; Dai, Guangyang ^[4]; Sun, Yue ^[5]; Bareille, Cedric ^[1]; Kuroda, Kenta ^[1]; Kondo, Takeshi ^[1];

^[1]; Kindo, Koichi ^[1]; Wang, Xiancheng ^[4]; Jin, Changqing ^[4]; Hu, Jiangping ^[6]; Thomale, Ronny ^[3];

^[7]; Wu, Shilong ^[7]; Miyamoto, Koji ^[7] more »

Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan)
Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Julius-Maximilians-Univ. Wurzburg, Wurzburg (Germany)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China); Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
Hiroshima Univ., Higashi-Hiroshima (Japan)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)
Kyoto Univ., Kyoto (Japan)

Topological materials and unconventional iron-based superconductors are both important areas of study but, to date, relatively little overlap has been identified between these two fields. However, the combination of topological bands and superconductivity promises the manifestation of exotic superconducting states, including Majorana fermions, the central component of topological quantum computation. Here, using laser-based, spin-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we have identified both topological insulator and Dirac semimetal states near the Fermi energy in different iron-based superconducting compounds. Carrier doping can tune these topologically non-trivial bands to the Fermi energy, potentially allowing access to several different superconducting topological states in the same material. Furthermore, these results reveal the generic coexistence of superconductivity and multiple topological states in iron-based superconductors, indicating that this broad class of materials is a promising platform for high-temperature topological superconductivity.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Emergent Superconductivity (CES); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1494043

Report Number(s):: BNL-211249-2019-JAAM

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 141 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (69)

Iron-Based Layered Superconductor La[O _1- _x F _x ]FeAs ( x = 0.05−0.12) with T _c = 26 K Kamihara, Yoichi; Watanabe, Takumi; Hirano, Masahiro Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 130, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja800073m	journal	March 2008
The puzzle of high temperature superconductivity in layered iron pnictides and chalcogenides Johnston, David C. Advances in Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2010.513480	journal	October 2010
Superconductivity in iron compounds Stewart, G. R. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1589	journal	December 2011
Topological nature of the FeSe 0.5 Te 0.5 superconductor Wang, Zhijun; Zhang, P.; Xu, Gang Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.115119	journal	September 2015
Topological characters in Fe ( Te 1 − x Se x ) thin films Wu, Xianxin; Qin, Shengshan; Liang, Yi Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.115129	journal	March 2016
Topological Superconductivity on the Surface of Fe-Based Superconductors Xu, Gang; Lian, Biao; Tang, Peizhe Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.047001	journal	July 2016
Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor Zhang, Peng; Yaji, Koichiro; Hashimoto, Takahiro Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6385 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan4596	journal	March 2018
Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator Fu, Liang; Kane, C. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.096407	journal	March 2008
Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices Mourik, V.; Zuo, K.; Frolov, S. M. Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6084 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1222360	journal	April 2012
Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor Nadj-Perge, S.; Drozdov, I. K.; Li, J. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6209 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259327	journal	October 2014
Exponential protection of zero modes in Majorana islands Albrecht, S. M.; Higginbotham, A. P.; Madsen, M. Nature, Vol. 531, Issue 7593 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17162	journal	March 2016
Time-Reversal-Invariant Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Kramers Pairs Zhang, Fan; Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.056402	journal	August 2013
Colloquium: Topological insulators Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4, p. 3045-3067 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.3045	journal	November 2010
Topological insulators and superconductors Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1057	journal	October 2011
Dirac semimetal and topological phase transitions in A 3 Bi ( A = Na , K, Rb) Wang, Zhijun; Sun, Yan; Chen, Xing-Qiu Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195320	journal	May 2012
Three-dimensional Dirac semimetal and quantum transport in Cd 3 As 2 Wang, Zhijun; Weng, Hongming; Wu, Quansheng Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.125427	journal	September 2013
Discovery of a Three-Dimensional Topological Dirac Semimetal, Na3Bi Liu, Z. K.; Zhou, B.; Zhang, Y. Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6173 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1245085	journal	January 2014
Unconventional transformation of spin Dirac phase across a topological quantum phase transition Xu, Su-Yang; Neupane, Madhab; Belopolski, Ilya Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7870	journal	April 2015
Surface versus bulk Dirac state tuning in a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal Neupane, Madhab; Xu, Su-Yang; Alidoust, Nasser Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.241114	journal	June 2015
Spin-polarized surface resonances accompanying topological surface state formation Jozwiak, Chris; Sobota, Jonathan A.; Gotlieb, Kenneth Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13143	journal	October 2016
FeTe 1− x Se x monolayer films: towards the realization of high-temperature connate topological superconductivity Shi, Xun; Han, Zhi-Qing; Richard, Pierre Science Bulletin, Vol. 62, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.010	journal	April 2017
The superconductivity at 18 K in LiFeAs system Wang, X. C.; Liu, Q. Q.; Lv, Y. X. Solid State Communications, Vol. 148, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.09.057	journal	December 2008
Superconductivity without Nesting in LiFeAs Borisenko, S. V.; Zabolotnyy, V. B.; Evtushinsky, D. V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.067002	journal	August 2010
Compositional Control of the Superconducting Properties of LiFeAs Pitcher, Michael J.; Lancaster, Tom; Wright, Jack D. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja103196c	journal	August 2010
Three-dimensional electronic structure of the nematic and antiferromagnetic phases of NaFeAs from detwinned angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy Watson, Matthew D.; Aswartham, Saicharan; Rhodes, Luke C. Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.035134	journal	January 2018
Intrinsic accuracy in 3-dimensional photoemission band mapping Strocov, V. N. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 130, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(03)00054-9	journal	July 2003
High-resolution three-dimensional spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer using vacuum ultraviolet laser light Yaji, Koichiro; Harasawa, Ayumi; Kuroda, Kenta Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948738	journal	May 2016
Emergence of the nematic electronic state in FeSe Watson, M. D.; Kim, T. K.; Haghighirad, A. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.155106	journal	April 2015
Observation of two distinct d x z / d y z band splittings in FeSe Zhang, P.; Qian, T.; Richard, P. Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.214503	journal	June 2015
Ultrahigh mobility and giant magnetoresistance in the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Liang, Tian; Gibson, Quinn; Ali, Mazhar N. Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4143	journal	November 2014
Large linear magnetoresistance in Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 with Fermi surfaces close to the Dirac points Feng, Junya; Pang, Yuan; Wu, Desheng Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.081306	journal	August 2015
Quantum magnetoresistance Abrikosov, A. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2788	journal	August 1998
Observation of Dirac Cone Electronic Dispersion in BaFe 2 As 2 Richard, P.; Nakayama, K.; Sato, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.137001	journal	March 2010
Observation of Dirac cone band dispersions in FeSe thin films by photoemission spectroscopy Tan, S. Y.; Fang, Y.; Xie, D. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.104513	journal	March 2016
Isotropic superconducting gaps with enhanced pairing on electron Fermi surfaces in FeTe 0.55 Se 0.45 Miao, H.; Richard, P.; Tanaka, Y. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.094506	journal	March 2012
Tuning across the BCS-BEC crossover in the multiband superconductor Fe _{1+ y} Se _x Te _{1− x} : An angle-resolved photoemission study Rinott, Shahar; Chashka, K. B.; Ribak, Amit Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602372	journal	April 2017
Observation of Fermi arc surface states in a topological metal Xu, S. -Y.; Liu, C.; Kushwaha, S. K. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6219 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256742	journal	December 2014
Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor Wang, Dongfei; Kong, Lingyuan; Fan, Peng Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6412 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1797	journal	August 2018
Topological Superconductivity in Dirac Semimetals Kobayashi, Shingo; Sato, Masatoshi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.187001	journal	October 2015
Superconductivity in doped Dirac semimetals Hashimoto, Tatsuki; Kobayashi, Shingo; Tanaka, Yukio Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.014510	journal	July 2016
Dirac and Weyl Superconductors in Three Dimensions Yang, Shengyuan A.; Pan, Hui; Zhang, Fan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.046401	journal	July 2014
Unconventional superconductivity at mesoscopic point contacts on the 3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Aggarwal, Leena; Gaurav, Abhishek; Thakur, Gohil S. Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4455	journal	November 2015
Observation of superconductivity induced by a point contact on 3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 crystals Wang, He; Wang, Huichao; Liu, Haiwen Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4456	journal	November 2015
Pressure-induced superconductivity in the three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 He, Lanpo; Jia, Yating; Zhang, Sijia npj Quantum Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/npjquantmats.2016.14	journal	September 2016
Majorana Modes at the Ends of Superconductor Vortices in Doped Topological Insulators Hosur, Pavan; Ghaemi, Pouyan; Mong, Roger S. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.097001	journal	August 2011
Stabilization of Majorana Modes in Magnetic Vortices in the Superconducting Phase of Topological Insulators using Topologically Trivial Bands Chiu, Ching-Kai; Ghaemi, Pouyan; Hughes, Taylor L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.237009	journal	December 2012
Multiband effects and possible Dirac fermions in Fe 1 + y Te 0.6 Se 0.4 Sun, Yue; Taen, Toshihiro; Yamada, Tatsuhiro Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.144512	journal	April 2014
Effects of annealing, acid and alcoholic beverages on Fe _{1+ y} Te _0.6 Se _0.4 Sun, Y.; Taen, T.; Tsuchiya, Y. Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/1/015015	journal	November 2012
Interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in iron-chalcogenide superconductors: crystal growth and characterizations Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong; Gu, Genda Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 74, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/74/12/124503	journal	September 2011
Ab initiomolecular dynamics for liquid metals Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 1, p. 558-561 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.558	journal	January 1993
Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 15-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0	journal	July 1996
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169	journal	October 1996
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations Monkhorst, Hendrik J.; Pack, James D. Physical Review B, Vol. 13, Issue 12, p. 5188-5192 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.13.5188	journal	June 1976
High-resolution X-ray luminescence extension imaging Ou, Xiangyu; Qin, Xian; Huang, Bolong Nature, Vol. 590, Issue 7846 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03251-6	journal	February 2021
Superconducting Proximity Effect and Majorana Fermions at the Surface of a Topological Insulator Fu, L.; Kane, C. L. Topologica, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3731/topologica.2.013	journal	January 2009
Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator Fu, Liang; Kane, C. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0707.1692	text	January 2007
The superconductivity at 18 K in LiFeAs system Wang, X. C.; Liu, Q. Q.; Lv, Y. X. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0806.4688	text	January 2008
Majorana modes at the ends of superconductor vortices in doped topological insulators Hosur, Pavan; Ghaemi, Pouyan; Mong, Roger S. K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1012.0330	text	January 2010
Superconductivity in Iron Compounds Stewart, G. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1106.1618	text	January 2011
Discovery of a Three-dimensional Topological Dirac Semimetal, Na3Bi Liu, Z. K.; Zhou, B.; Wang, Z. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1310.0391	text	January 2013
Dirac and Weyl Superconductors in Three Dimensions Yang, Shengyuan A.; Pan, Hui; Zhang, Fan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1402.7070	text	January 2014
Ultrahigh mobility and giant magnetoresistance in the Dirac semimetal Cd$_3$As$_2$ Liang, Tian; Gibson, Quinn; Ali, Mazhar N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1404.7794	text	January 2014
Emergence of the nematic electronic state in FeSe Watson, M. D.; Kim, T. K.; Haghighirad, A. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.02917	text	January 2015
Unconventional transformation of spin Dirac phase across a topological quantum phase transition Xu, Su-Yang; Neupane, Madhab; Belopolski, Ilya arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.07765	text	January 2015
Superconductivity in doped Dirac semimetals Hashimoto, Tatsuki; Kobayashi, Shingo; Tanaka, Yukio arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.05081	text	January 2016
Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor Zhang, Peng; Yaji, Koichiro; Hashimoto, Takahiro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.05163	text	January 2017
Intrinsic accuracy in 3-dimensional photoemission band mapping Strocov, V. N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0210404	preprint	January 2002
Signatures of Majorana fermions in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices (Vincent), Mourik, V.; (Kun), Zuo, K.; (Sergey), Frolov, S. M. Science Magazine https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:8bf81177-2f2b-49c2-aaf5-d36739873dd9	dataset	January 2012

Cited By (12)

Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Superconductivity of Bi2Se3/FeSe0.5Te0.5Composites Zhang, J.; Zhao, K.; Yang, X. S. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. 33, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05425-1	journal	January 2020
Strong pinning in the hole-doped pnictide superconductor La _0.34 Na _0.66 Fe ₂ As ₂ Sundar, Shyam; Salem-Sugui, S.; Alvarenga, A. D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5088823	journal	March 2019
Review of annealing effects and superconductivity in Fe 1+ y Te 1− x Se x superconductors Sun, Yue; Shi, Zhixiang; Tamegai, Tsuyoshi Superconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab30c2	journal	August 2019
A general route to form topologically-protected surface and bulk Dirac fermions along high-symmetry lines Clark, O. J.; Mazzola, F.; Marković, I. Electronic Structure, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1075/ab09b7	journal	March 2019
Topological quantum states of matter in iron-based superconductors: from concept to material realization Hao, Ning; Hu, Jiangping National Science Review, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy142	journal	November 2018
Majorana gets an iron twist Kong, Lingyuan; Ding, Hong National Science Review, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy143	journal	November 2018
Topological transitions in a model for proximity-induced superconductivity Batra, Navketan; Nayak, Swagatam; Kumar, Sanjeev Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.214517	journal	December 2019
Weak-Pairing Higher Order Topological Superconductors Wang, Yuxuan; Lin, Mao; Hughes, Taylor L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.01531	text	January 2018
Topological quantum states of matter in iron-based superconductors: From concepts to material realization Hao, Ning; Hu, Jiangping arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.03802	text	January 2018
A general route to form topologically-protected surface and bulk Dirac fermions along high-symmetry lines Clark, O. J.; Mazzola, F.; Marković, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.09211	text	January 2019
Strong pinning in the hole-doped pnictide superconductor La$_{0.34}$Na$_{0.66}$Fe$_2$As$_2$ Sundar, Shyam; Salem-Sugui,, S.; Alvarenga, A. D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.04066	text	January 2019
Higher Order Topology and Nodal Topological Superconductivity in Fe(Se,Te) Heterostructures Zhang, Rui-Xing; Cole, William S.; Wu, Xianxin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.10647	text	January 2019