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Title: Pulse dilation gas Cherenkov detector for ultra-fast gamma reaction history at the NIF (invited)

Abstract

The Cherenkov mechanism used in Gas Cherenkov Detectors (GCDs) is exceptionally fast. However, the temporal resolution of GCDs, such as the Gamma Reaction History diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), has been limited by the current state-of-the-art photomultiplier tube technology to ~100 ps. The soon-to-be deployed Pulse Dilation Photomultiplier Tube (PD-PMT) at NIF will allow for temporal resolution comparable to that of the gas cell or ~10 ps. Enhanced resolution will contribute to the quest for ignition in a crucial way through precision measurements of reaction history and ablator areal density (ρR) history, leading to better constrained models. Features such as onset of alpha heating, shock reverberations, and burn truncation due to dynamically evolving failure modes may become visible for the first time. Test measurements of the PD-PMT at Atomic Weapons Establishment confirmed that design goals have been met. The PD-PMT provides dilation factors of 2 to 40× in 6 increments. Furthermore, the GCD-3 recently deployed at the NIF has been modified for coupling to a PD-PMT and will soon be making ultrafast measurements.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [3];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [3];  [3];  [4];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7] more »;  [8] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Atomic Weapons Establishment, Berkshire (United Kingdom)
  4. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  5. Misson Support and Test Services, LLC, Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  6. Kentech Instruments Ltd., Oxfordshire (United Kingdom)
  7. Photeck Ltd., East Sussex (United Kingdom)
  8. Sydor Technologies, Rochester, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1877971
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1480045; OSTI ID: 1889521
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-836663; LLNL-JRNL-837614; LA-UR-18-23981
Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748; 1055444; TRN: US2307447
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Cherenkov radiation; Cherenkov detectors; Pulse-dilation; Photocathodes; Ultrafast measurements; Photomultipliers; 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; pulse-dilation; photocathodes; ultrafast measurements; photomultipliers

Citation Formats

Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Herrmann, H. W., Kim, Y. H., Zylstra, A. B., Meaney, K., Lopez, F. E., Pederson, B. J., Carrera, J., Khater, H., Horsfield, C. J., Rubery, M. S., Gales, S., Leatherland, A., Meadowcroft, A., Hilsabeck, T., Kilkenny, J. D., Malone, R. M., Hares, J. D., Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L., Milnes, J., and McFee, C. Pulse dilation gas Cherenkov detector for ultra-fast gamma reaction history at the NIF (invited). United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5039377.
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Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Herrmann, H. W., Kim, Y. H., Zylstra, A. B., Meaney, K., Lopez, F. E., Pederson, B. J., Carrera, J., Khater, H., Horsfield, C. J., Rubery, M. S., Gales, S., Leatherland, A., Meadowcroft, A., Hilsabeck, T., Kilkenny, J. D., Malone, R. M., Hares, J. D., Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L., Milnes, J., & McFee, C. Pulse dilation gas Cherenkov detector for ultra-fast gamma reaction history at the NIF (invited). United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039377
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Geppert-Kleinrath, H., Herrmann, H. W., Kim, Y. H., Zylstra, A. B., Meaney, K., Lopez, F. E., Pederson, B. J., Carrera, J., Khater, H., Horsfield, C. J., Rubery, M. S., Gales, S., Leatherland, A., Meadowcroft, A., Hilsabeck, T., Kilkenny, J. D., Malone, R. M., Hares, J. D., Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L., Milnes, J., and McFee, C. Wed . "Pulse dilation gas Cherenkov detector for ultra-fast gamma reaction history at the NIF (invited)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039377. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1877971.
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@article{osti_1877971,
title = {Pulse dilation gas Cherenkov detector for ultra-fast gamma reaction history at the NIF (invited)},
author = {Geppert-Kleinrath, H. and Herrmann, H. W. and Kim, Y. H. and Zylstra, A. B. and Meaney, K. and Lopez, F. E. and Pederson, B. J. and Carrera, J. and Khater, H. and Horsfield, C. J. and Rubery, M. S. and Gales, S. and Leatherland, A. and Meadowcroft, A. and Hilsabeck, T. and Kilkenny, J. D. and Malone, R. M. and Hares, J. D. and Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. and Milnes, J. and McFee, C.},
abstractNote = {The Cherenkov mechanism used in Gas Cherenkov Detectors (GCDs) is exceptionally fast. However, the temporal resolution of GCDs, such as the Gamma Reaction History diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), has been limited by the current state-of-the-art photomultiplier tube technology to ~100 ps. The soon-to-be deployed Pulse Dilation Photomultiplier Tube (PD-PMT) at NIF will allow for temporal resolution comparable to that of the gas cell or ~10 ps. Enhanced resolution will contribute to the quest for ignition in a crucial way through precision measurements of reaction history and ablator areal density (ρR) history, leading to better constrained models. Features such as onset of alpha heating, shock reverberations, and burn truncation due to dynamically evolving failure modes may become visible for the first time. Test measurements of the PD-PMT at Atomic Weapons Establishment confirmed that design goals have been met. The PD-PMT provides dilation factors of 2 to 40× in 6 increments. Furthermore, the GCD-3 recently deployed at the NIF has been modified for coupling to a PD-PMT and will soon be making ultrafast measurements.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5039377},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 10,
volume = 89,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039377
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Cited by: 10 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Schematic depiction of the PD-PMT.
All figures and tables (14 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

Compact optical technique for streak camera calibration
journal, October 2004

  • Bell, Perry; Griffith, Roger; Hagans, Karla
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 10
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Electron-dispersion technique for observation of fast transient signals (c.r.o. display appl.)
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Using gamma-ray emission to measure areal density of inertial confinement fusion capsules
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  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3478690

Dilation x-ray imager a new/faster gated x-ray imager for the NIF
journal, October 2012

  • Nagel, S. R.; Hilsabeck, T. J.; Bell, P. M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4732849

Observation of high-energy deuterium–tritium fusion gamma rays using gas Cherenkov detectors
journal, November 2003

  • Mack, J. M.; Berggren, R. R.; Caldwell, S. E.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 513, Issue 3
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Observation of d–t fusion gamma rays (invited)
journal, March 2003

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  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1534932

Multi-shot analysis of the gamma reaction history diagnostic
journal, October 2012

  • Sayre, D. B.; Bernstein, L. A.; Church, J. A.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4729492

Development of an ultra-fast photomultiplier tube for gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors at the National Ignition Facility (PD-PMT)
journal, October 2018

  • Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L.; Hares, J. D.; Milnes, J.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5039327

Progress on next generation gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors for the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2018

  • Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y. H.; Zylstra, A. B.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5039378

A simple theoretical approach to calculate the electrical conductivity of nonideal copper plasma
journal, January 2008

Pulse-dilation enhanced gated optical imager with 5 ps resolution (invited)
journal, October 2010

  • Hilsabeck, T. J.; Hares, J. D.; Kilkenny, J. D.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3479111

Next generation gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors for the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2016

  • Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y. H.; McEvoy, A. M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4962059
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas
    journal, January 2020

    Progress on next generation gamma-ray Cherenkov detectors for the National Ignition Facility
    journal, October 2018

    • Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y. H.; Zylstra, A. B.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5039378

    Improved inertial confinement fusion gamma reaction history 12 C gamma-ray signal by direct subtraction
    journal, November 2019

    • Meaney, K. D.; Kim, Y. H.; Herrmann, H. W.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5092501
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      FIG. 1 (p. 3)figure
      FIG. 2 (p. 3)figure
      TABLE I (p. 3)table
      FIG. 3 (p. 4)figure
      FIG. 4 (p. 4)figure
      FIG. 5 (p. 5)figure
      FIG. 6 (p. 5)figure
      FIG. 7 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 8 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 10 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 11 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 9 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 12 (p. 8)figure
      TABLE II (p. 8)table
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