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Title: Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts

Abstract

Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form endosymbioses with most plants, and they themselves are hosts for Mollicutes/ Mycoplasma ‐related endobacteria (MRE). Despite their significance, genomic information for AM fungi and their MRE are relatively sparse, which hinders our understanding of their biology and evolution. We assembled the genomes of the AM fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme ) and its MRE and performed comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses. The D. epigaea genome showed a pattern of substantial gene duplication and differential evolution of gene families, including glycosyltransferase family 25, whose activities are exclusively lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Genes acquired by horizontal transfer from bacteria possibly function in defense against foreign DNA or viruses. The MRE population was diverse, with multiple genomes displaying characteristics of differential evolution and encoding many MRE‐specific genes as well as genes of AM fungal origin. Gene family expansion in D. epigaea may enhance adaptation to both external and internal environments, such as expansion of kinases for signal transduction upon external stimuli and expansion of nucleoside salvage pathway genes potentially for competition with MRE, whose genomes lack purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Collectively, this metagenome provides high‐quality references and begins to reveal the diversity within AM fungi and their MRE.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]
  1. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY (United States)
  2. National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM (United States)
  3. Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY (United States); US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Ithaca, NY (United States). Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1611820
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1479544
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012460
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
New Phytologist
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 221; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-646X
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Plant Sciences

Citation Formats

Sun, Xuepeng, Chen, Wenbo, Ivanov, Sergey, MacLean, Allyson M., Wight, Haley, Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan, Mudge, Joann, Harrison, Maria J., and Fei, Zhangjun. Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1111/nph.15472.
Sun, Xuepeng, Chen, Wenbo, Ivanov, Sergey, MacLean, Allyson M., Wight, Haley, Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan, Mudge, Joann, Harrison, Maria J., & Fei, Zhangjun. Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts. United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15472
Sun, Xuepeng, Chen, Wenbo, Ivanov, Sergey, MacLean, Allyson M., Wight, Haley, Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan, Mudge, Joann, Harrison, Maria J., and Fei, Zhangjun. Sat . "Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts". United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15472. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1611820.
@article{osti_1611820,
title = {Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts},
author = {Sun, Xuepeng and Chen, Wenbo and Ivanov, Sergey and MacLean, Allyson M. and Wight, Haley and Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan and Mudge, Joann and Harrison, Maria J. and Fei, Zhangjun},
abstractNote = {Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form endosymbioses with most plants, and they themselves are hosts for Mollicutes/ Mycoplasma ‐related endobacteria (MRE). Despite their significance, genomic information for AM fungi and their MRE are relatively sparse, which hinders our understanding of their biology and evolution. We assembled the genomes of the AM fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme ) and its MRE and performed comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses. The D. epigaea genome showed a pattern of substantial gene duplication and differential evolution of gene families, including glycosyltransferase family 25, whose activities are exclusively lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Genes acquired by horizontal transfer from bacteria possibly function in defense against foreign DNA or viruses. The MRE population was diverse, with multiple genomes displaying characteristics of differential evolution and encoding many MRE‐specific genes as well as genes of AM fungal origin. Gene family expansion in D. epigaea may enhance adaptation to both external and internal environments, such as expansion of kinases for signal transduction upon external stimuli and expansion of nucleoside salvage pathway genes potentially for competition with MRE, whose genomes lack purine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Collectively, this metagenome provides high‐quality references and begins to reveal the diversity within AM fungi and their MRE.},
doi = {10.1111/nph.15472},
journal = {New Phytologist},
number = 3,
volume = 221,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Sat Oct 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

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