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Title: The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century

Abstract

In this paper, the 2012 submarine eruption of Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc, New Zealand, is the largest deep-ocean eruption in history and one of very few recorded submarine eruptions involving rhyolite magma. It was recognized from a gigantic 400-km2 pumice raft seen in satellite imagery, but the complexity of this event was concealed beneath the sea surface. Mapping, observations, and sampling by submersibles have provided an exceptionally high fidelity record of the seafloor products, which included lava sourced from 14 vents at water depths of 900 to 1220 m, and fragmental deposits including giant pumice clasts up to 9 m in diameter. Most (>75%) of the total erupted volume was partitioned into the pumice raft and transported far from the volcano. The geological record on submarine volcanic edifices in volcanic arcs does not faithfully archive eruption size or magma production.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [1];  [6]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [3];  [9]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [8]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Tasmania, Tasmania (Australia)
  2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA (United States)
  3. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Univ. of Otago, Dunedin (New Zealand)
  5. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland (New Zealand)
  6. National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki (Japan)
  7. GNS Science (New Zealand)
  8. Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
  9. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA (United States); Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole, MA (United States)
  10. Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1479370
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Carey, Rebecca, Soule, S. Adam, Manga, Michael, White, James D. L., McPhie, Jocelyn, Wysoczanski, Richard, Jutzeler, Martin, Tani, Kenichiro, Yoerger, Dana, Fornari, Daniel, Caratori-Tontini, Fabio, Houghton, Bruce, Mitchell, Samuel, Ikegami, Fumihiko, Conway, Chris, Murch, Arran, Fauria, Kristen, Jones, Meghan, Cahalan, Ryan, and McKenzie, Warren. The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701121.
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Carey, Rebecca, Soule, S. Adam, Manga, Michael, White, James D. L., McPhie, Jocelyn, Wysoczanski, Richard, Jutzeler, Martin, Tani, Kenichiro, Yoerger, Dana, Fornari, Daniel, Caratori-Tontini, Fabio, Houghton, Bruce, Mitchell, Samuel, Ikegami, Fumihiko, Conway, Chris, Murch, Arran, Fauria, Kristen, Jones, Meghan, Cahalan, Ryan, & McKenzie, Warren. The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701121
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Carey, Rebecca, Soule, S. Adam, Manga, Michael, White, James D. L., McPhie, Jocelyn, Wysoczanski, Richard, Jutzeler, Martin, Tani, Kenichiro, Yoerger, Dana, Fornari, Daniel, Caratori-Tontini, Fabio, Houghton, Bruce, Mitchell, Samuel, Ikegami, Fumihiko, Conway, Chris, Murch, Arran, Fauria, Kristen, Jones, Meghan, Cahalan, Ryan, and McKenzie, Warren. Wed . "The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701121. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479370.
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@article{osti_1479370,
title = {The largest deep-ocean silicic volcanic eruption of the past century},
author = {Carey, Rebecca and Soule, S. Adam and Manga, Michael and White, James D. L. and McPhie, Jocelyn and Wysoczanski, Richard and Jutzeler, Martin and Tani, Kenichiro and Yoerger, Dana and Fornari, Daniel and Caratori-Tontini, Fabio and Houghton, Bruce and Mitchell, Samuel and Ikegami, Fumihiko and Conway, Chris and Murch, Arran and Fauria, Kristen and Jones, Meghan and Cahalan, Ryan and McKenzie, Warren},
abstractNote = {In this paper, the 2012 submarine eruption of Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc, New Zealand, is the largest deep-ocean eruption in history and one of very few recorded submarine eruptions involving rhyolite magma. It was recognized from a gigantic 400-km2 pumice raft seen in satellite imagery, but the complexity of this event was concealed beneath the sea surface. Mapping, observations, and sampling by submersibles have provided an exceptionally high fidelity record of the seafloor products, which included lava sourced from 14 vents at water depths of 900 to 1220 m, and fragmental deposits including giant pumice clasts up to 9 m in diameter. Most (>75%) of the total erupted volume was partitioned into the pumice raft and transported far from the volcano. The geological record on submarine volcanic edifices in volcanic arcs does not faithfully archive eruption size or magma production.},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1701121},
journal = {Science Advances},
number = 1,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 10 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Jan 10 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701121
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Works referenced in this record:

Contrasting pyroclast density spectra from subaerial and submarine silicic eruptions in the Kermadec arc: implications for eruption processes and dredge sampling
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New multibeam mapping and geochemistry of the 30°–35° S sector, and overview, of southern Kermadec arc volcanism
journal, January 2006

Effects of water depth on pumice formation in submarine domes at Sumisu, Izu-Bonin arc, western Pacific
journal, May 2010

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Active submarine eruption of boninite in the northeastern Lau Basin
journal, October 2011

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On the fate of pumice rafts formed during the 2012 Havre submarine eruption
journal, April 2014

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  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
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Long-term eruptive activity at a submarine arc volcano
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journal, January 2000

Tephra dispersal from Myojinsho, Japan, during its shallow submarine eruption of 1952-1953
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Observations of eruptive plume dynamics and pyroclastic deposits from submarine explosive eruptions at NW Rota-1, Mariana arc
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Quenching of steam-charged pumice: Implications for submarine pyroclastic volcanism
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Submarine silicic caldera at the front of the Izu-Bonin arc, Japan: Voluminous seafloor eruptions of rhyolite pumice
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Dynamics of deep submarine silicic explosive eruptions in the Kermadec arc, as reflected in pumice vesicularity textures
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Submarine silicic volcanism of the Healy caldera, southern Kermadec arc (SW Pacific): I – volcanology and eruption mechanisms
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High effusion rates of the Cordón Caulle 2011–2012 eruption (Southern Andes) and their relation with the quasi‐harmonic tremor
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ROV Jason II navigation and along-track data at the Havre Volcano Caldera in the Kermadec Arc (RR1506, 2015)
dataset, January 2020

AUV Sentry navigation and along-track data at the Havre Volcano Caldera in the Kermadec Arc (RR1506, 2015)
dataset, January 2020

AUV Sentry near-bottom bathymetry data at the Havre Volcano Caldera in the Kermadec Arc (RR1506, 2015)
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  • Nature, Vol. 441, Issue 7092
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  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4660

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Submarine giant pumice: a window into the shallow conduit dynamics of a recent silicic eruption
    journal, June 2019

    • Mitchell, Samuel J.; Houghton, Bruce F.; Carey, Rebecca J.
    • Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol. 81, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1007/s00445-019-1298-5

    Distribution of surficial sediments in the ocean around New Zealand/Aotearoa. Part A: continental slope and deep ocean
    journal, October 2018

    • Bostock, Helen; Jenkins, Chris; Mackay, Kevin
    • New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 62, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2018.1523198

    A Recent Volcanic Eruption Discovered on the Central Mariana Back-Arc Spreading Center
    journal, October 2018

    • Chadwick, William W.; Merle, Susan G.; Baker, Edward T.
    • Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 6
    • DOI: 10.3389/feart.2018.00172

    Extrusion dynamics of deepwater volcanoes revealed by 3-D seismic data
    journal, January 2019

    • Sun, Qiliang; Jackson, Christopher A. -L.; Magee, Craig
    • Solid Earth, Vol. 10, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.5194/se-10-1269-2019
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