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Title: Natural Variation in the Multidrug Efflux Pump SGE1 Underlies Ionic Liquid Tolerance in Yeast

Journal Article · · Genetics

Imidazolium ionic liquids (IILs) have a range of biotechnological applications, including as pretreatment solvents that extract cellulose from plant biomass for microbial fermentation into sustainable bioenergy. However, residual levels of IILs, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2C1im]Cl), are toxic to biofuel-producing microbes, including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae strains isolated from diverse ecological niches differ in genomic sequence and in phenotypes potentially beneficial for industrial applications, including tolerance to inhibitory compounds present in hydrolyzed plant feedstocks. We evaluated >100 genome-sequenced S. cerevisiae strains for tolerance to [C2C1im]Cl and identified one strain with exceptional tolerance. By screening a library of genomic DNA fragments from the [C2C1im]Cl-tolerant strain for improved IIL tolerance, we identified SGE1, which encodes a plasma membrane multidrug efflux pump, and a previously uncharacterized gene that we named ionic liquid tolerance 1 (ILT1), which encodes a predicted membrane protein. Analyses of SGE1 sequences from our panel of S. cerevisiae strains together with growth phenotypes implicated two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that associated with IIL tolerance and sensitivity. We confirmed these phenotypic effects by transferring the SGE1 SNPs into a [C2C1im]Cl-sensitive yeast strain using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Further studies indicated that these SNPs affect Sge1 protein stability and cell surface localization, influencing the amount of toxic IILs that cells can pump out of the cytoplasm. Our results highlight the general potential for discovering useful biotechnological functions from untapped natural sequence variation and provide functional insight into emergent SGE1 alleles with reduced capacities to protect against IIL toxicity.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23); UC Laboratory Fees Research Program (LFRP) (UCRI)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; SC0018409; FC02-07ER64494
OSTI ID:
1477368
Journal Information:
Genetics, Journal Name: Genetics Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 210; ISSN 0016-6731
Publisher:
Genetics Society of AmericaCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Restoration of biofuel production levels and increased tolerance under ionic liquid stress is enabled by a mutation in the essential Escherichia coli gene cydC journal October 2018
Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce the biogasoline isopentenol from plant biomass hydrolysates journal February 2019
Restoration of biofuel production levels and increased tolerance under ionic liquid stress is enabled by a mutation in the essential Escherichia coli gene cydC text January 2018