Use-Phase Drives Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Environmental Impacts When Used for Frequency Regulation
Abstract
Battery storage systems are attractive alternatives to conventional generators for frequency regulation due to their fast response time, high cycle efficiency, flexible scale, and decreasing cost. However, their implementation does not consistently reduce environmental impacts. To assess these impacts, we employed a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. Our framework couples cradle-to-gate and end-of-life LCA data on lithium-ion batteries with a unit commitment and dispatch model. The model is run on a 9-bus power system with energy storage used for frequency regulation. The addition of energy storage changes generator commitment and dispatch, causing changes in the quantities of each fuel type consumed. This results in increased environmental impacts in most scenarios. The impacts caused by the changes in the power system operation (i.e., use-phase impacts) outweigh upstream and end-of-life impacts in the majority of scenarios analyzed with the magnitude most influenced by electricity mix and fuel price. Of parameters specific to the battery, round trip efficiency has the greatest effect.
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1471292
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5D00-72264
Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Environmental Science and Technology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 52; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; battery storage systems; life cycle assessment; lithium ion batteries
Citation Formats
Ryan, Nicole A., Lin, Yashen, Mitchell-Ward, Noah, Mathieu, Johanna L., and Johnson, Jeremiah X. Use-Phase Drives Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Environmental Impacts When Used for Frequency Regulation. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02171.
Ryan, Nicole A., Lin, Yashen, Mitchell-Ward, Noah, Mathieu, Johanna L., & Johnson, Jeremiah X. Use-Phase Drives Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Environmental Impacts When Used for Frequency Regulation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02171
Ryan, Nicole A., Lin, Yashen, Mitchell-Ward, Noah, Mathieu, Johanna L., and Johnson, Jeremiah X. Fri .
"Use-Phase Drives Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Environmental Impacts When Used for Frequency Regulation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02171. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471292.
@article{osti_1471292,
title = {Use-Phase Drives Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle Environmental Impacts When Used for Frequency Regulation},
author = {Ryan, Nicole A. and Lin, Yashen and Mitchell-Ward, Noah and Mathieu, Johanna L. and Johnson, Jeremiah X.},
abstractNote = {Battery storage systems are attractive alternatives to conventional generators for frequency regulation due to their fast response time, high cycle efficiency, flexible scale, and decreasing cost. However, their implementation does not consistently reduce environmental impacts. To assess these impacts, we employed a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. Our framework couples cradle-to-gate and end-of-life LCA data on lithium-ion batteries with a unit commitment and dispatch model. The model is run on a 9-bus power system with energy storage used for frequency regulation. The addition of energy storage changes generator commitment and dispatch, causing changes in the quantities of each fuel type consumed. This results in increased environmental impacts in most scenarios. The impacts caused by the changes in the power system operation (i.e., use-phase impacts) outweigh upstream and end-of-life impacts in the majority of scenarios analyzed with the magnitude most influenced by electricity mix and fuel price. Of parameters specific to the battery, round trip efficiency has the greatest effect.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.8b02171},
journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
number = 17,
volume = 52,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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