Title: Expanding the Schulze-Hardy Rule and the Hofmeister Series to Nanometer-Scaled Hydrophilic Macroions

Abstract

Abstract The Schulze–Hardy rule is a well‐established observation in colloid science (can be derived from the DLVO theory) that demonstrates the relationship between the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of colloids and the valence of extra counterionic electrolytes ( z ), with a simple mathematical relationship of CCC≈ z ⁻⁶ . Here the Schulze–Hardy Rule is expanded to much smaller, nano‐scaled soluble macroions in aqueous solution, by examining the stability of the macroions in the presence of additional electrolytes. The CCC values of the macroions follow the general trend of CCC≈ z ^{− n} but the n value is significantly dependent on the surface charge density of the macroions, ranging from n =2 at very low surface charge density to n =6 at a high surface charge density. In addition, different cations with the same valence showed clear different impacts on the CCC values, with an interesting trend being connected to the Hofmeister series originally discovered in protein solutions.

Authors:

Chu, Yang ^[1]; Chen, Jiahui  ^[1];

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Haso, Fadi ^[1]; Gao, Yunyi ^[1]; Szymanowski, Jennifer E. S. ^[2]; Burns, Peter C. ^[2]; Liu, Tianbo ^[1]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Univ. of Akron, OH (United States)
2. Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

Publication Date:

Mon Mar 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:

Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Materials Science of Actinides (MSA)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:

1470427

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1429931

Grant/Contract Number:  

SC0001089

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Chemistry - A European Journal

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 24; Journal Issue: 21; Related Information: MSA partners with University of Notre Dame (lead); University of California, Davis; Florida State University; George Washington University; University of Michigan; University of Minnesota; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oregon state University; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Savannah River National Laboratory; Journal ID: ISSN 0947-6539

Publisher:

ChemPubSoc Europe

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; nuclear (including radiation effects); materials and chemistry by design; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly)