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Title: Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers

Abstract

The electromagnetic transients accompanying compact binary mergers (γ-ray bursts, afterglows and ‘macronovae’) are crucial to pinpoint the sky location of gravitational wave sources. Macronovae are caused by the radioactivity from freshly synthesized heavy elements, e.g. from dynamic ejecta and various types of winds. We study macronova signatures by using multidimensional radiative transfer calculations. We then employ the radiative transfer code SUPERNU and state-of-the-art LTE opacities for a few representative elements from the wind and dynamical ejecta (Cr, Pd, Se, Te, Br, Zr, Sm, Ce, Nd, U) to calculate synthetic light curves and spectra for a range of ejecta morphologies. The radioactive power of the resulting macronova is calculated with the detailed input of decay products. We assess the detection prospects for our most complex models, based on the portion of viewing angles that are sufficiently bright, at different cosmological redshifts (z). The brighter emission from the wind is unobscured by the lanthanides (or actinides) in some of the models, permitting non-zero detection probabilities for redshifts up to z = 0.07. We also find that the nuclear mass model and the resulting radioactive heating rate are crucial for the detectability. While for the most pessimistic heating rate (from the finite rangemore » droplet model) no reasonable increase in the ejecta mass or velocity, or wind mass or velocity, can possibly make the light curves agree with the observed near-infrared excess after GRB130603B, a more optimistic heating rate (from the Duflo–Zuker model) leads to good agreement. We conclude that future reliable macronova observations would constrain nuclear heating rates, and consequently help constrain nuclear mass models.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [5];  [1]
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). The Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Astronomy
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Southern Utah Univ., Cedar City, UT (United States). Dept. of Physical Science
  4. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Physics Dept.
  5. Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands). Radboud Radio Lab.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Swedish Research Council (VR); Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA); North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN)
OSTI Identifier:
1467261
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-24109
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; 2016-03657_3; Dnr 107/16; Dnr 2016- 06012
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 478; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; neutron stars, mergers, electromagnetic counterparts, macronova, kilonova, neutron star mergers

Citation Formats

Wollaeger, Ryan T., Korobkin, Oleg, Fontes, Christopher J., Rosswog, Stephan K., Even, Wesley P., Fryer, Christopher L., Sollerman, Jesper, Hungerford, Aimee L., van Rossum, Daniel R., and Wollaber, Allan B. Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1018.
Wollaeger, Ryan T., Korobkin, Oleg, Fontes, Christopher J., Rosswog, Stephan K., Even, Wesley P., Fryer, Christopher L., Sollerman, Jesper, Hungerford, Aimee L., van Rossum, Daniel R., & Wollaber, Allan B. Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1018
Wollaeger, Ryan T., Korobkin, Oleg, Fontes, Christopher J., Rosswog, Stephan K., Even, Wesley P., Fryer, Christopher L., Sollerman, Jesper, Hungerford, Aimee L., van Rossum, Daniel R., and Wollaber, Allan B. Sat . "Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1018. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1467261.
@article{osti_1467261,
title = {Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers},
author = {Wollaeger, Ryan T. and Korobkin, Oleg and Fontes, Christopher J. and Rosswog, Stephan K. and Even, Wesley P. and Fryer, Christopher L. and Sollerman, Jesper and Hungerford, Aimee L. and van Rossum, Daniel R. and Wollaber, Allan B.},
abstractNote = {The electromagnetic transients accompanying compact binary mergers (γ-ray bursts, afterglows and ‘macronovae’) are crucial to pinpoint the sky location of gravitational wave sources. Macronovae are caused by the radioactivity from freshly synthesized heavy elements, e.g. from dynamic ejecta and various types of winds. We study macronova signatures by using multidimensional radiative transfer calculations. We then employ the radiative transfer code SUPERNU and state-of-the-art LTE opacities for a few representative elements from the wind and dynamical ejecta (Cr, Pd, Se, Te, Br, Zr, Sm, Ce, Nd, U) to calculate synthetic light curves and spectra for a range of ejecta morphologies. The radioactive power of the resulting macronova is calculated with the detailed input of decay products. We assess the detection prospects for our most complex models, based on the portion of viewing angles that are sufficiently bright, at different cosmological redshifts (z). The brighter emission from the wind is unobscured by the lanthanides (or actinides) in some of the models, permitting non-zero detection probabilities for redshifts up to z = 0.07. We also find that the nuclear mass model and the resulting radioactive heating rate are crucial for the detectability. While for the most pessimistic heating rate (from the finite range droplet model) no reasonable increase in the ejecta mass or velocity, or wind mass or velocity, can possibly make the light curves agree with the observed near-infrared excess after GRB130603B, a more optimistic heating rate (from the Duflo–Zuker model) leads to good agreement. We conclude that future reliable macronova observations would constrain nuclear heating rates, and consequently help constrain nuclear mass models.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/sty1018},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 3,
volume = 478,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Sat Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

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