Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics

Yu, J. -H.; Chang, Y. -T.; Lin, K. -Y.; Chang, C. -C.; Chang, S. -F.; Ye, Y.; Pham, A. V.; Tobias, B. J.; Zhu, Y.; Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C.

doi:10.1063/1.5035559

Title: Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics

Abstract

Recent advances in radio-frequency system-on-chip technology have provided mm-wave fusion plasma diagnostics with the capability to overcome major challenges such as space inefficiency, inflexible installation, sensitivity, susceptibility to EMI, and prohibitively high cost of conventional discrete component assemblies as higher imaging resolution and data accuracy are achieved by increasing the number of channels. Nowadays, shrinking transistor gate lengths on fabrication techniques have enabled hundreds of GHz operation, which is suitable for millimeter-wave diagnostics on current and future tokamaks. The Davis Millimeter Wave Research Center (DMRC) has successfully developed V-band (55-75 GHz) transmitter and receiver chips for Microwave Imaging Reflectometer (MIR) instruments. The transmitter can illuminate 8 different frequencies simultaneously within 55-75 GHz. Moreover, the receiver has the capability to amplify the reflected signal (>30 dB) while offering 10-30× reduction in noise temperature compared to current MIR instruments. Plasma diagnostics requires ultra-wideband (more than 20 GHz) operation which is approximately nine times wider bandwidth than the recent commercial impetus for communication systems. Current efforts are underway for gallium-arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuit receiver chips at W-band (75-110 GHz) and F-band (90–140 GHz) permitting measurements at higher toroidal magnetic fields.

Authors:

Yu, J. -H. ^[1]; Chang, Y. -T. ^[1];

^[2]; Chang, C. -C. ^[3]; Chang, S. -F. ^[3]; Ye, Y. ^[1]; Pham, A. V. ^[1]; Tobias, B. J. ^[4]; Zhu, Y. ^[1];

^[1]; Luhmann, N. C. ^[1]

Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
National Taiwan Univ., Taipei (Taiwan)
National Chung-Cheng Univ. (Taiwan)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1597426

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1466444

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-99ER54531

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Review of Scientific Instruments

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 10; Conference: 22. Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics (HTPD), San Diego, CA (United States), 16-19 Apr 2018; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; System-on-chip; Microwave Imaging Reflectometer; transmitter; receiver

Citation Formats


                    Yu, J. -H., Chang, Y. -T., Lin, K. -Y., Chang, C. -C., Chang, S. -F., Ye, Y., Pham, A. V., Tobias, B. J., Zhu, Y., Domier, C. W., and Luhmann, N. C. Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5035559.

Copy to clipboard


                    Yu, J. -H., Chang, Y. -T., Lin, K. -Y., Chang, C. -C., Chang, S. -F., Ye, Y., Pham, A. V., Tobias, B. J., Zhu, Y., Domier, C. W., & Luhmann, N. C. Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5035559

Copy to clipboard


                    Yu, J. -H., Chang, Y. -T., Lin, K. -Y., Chang, C. -C., Chang, S. -F., Ye, Y., Pham, A. V., Tobias, B. J., Zhu, Y., Domier, C. W., and Luhmann, N. C. Fri .  
"Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5035559.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1597426.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1597426,

  title        = {Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics},

  author       = {Yu, J. -H. and Chang, Y. -T. and Lin, K. -Y. and Chang, C. -C. and Chang, S. -F. and Ye, Y. and Pham, A. V. and Tobias, B. J. and Zhu, Y. and Domier, C. W. and Luhmann, N. C.},

  abstractNote = {Recent advances in radio-frequency system-on-chip technology have provided mm-wave fusion plasma diagnostics with the capability to overcome major challenges such as space inefficiency, inflexible installation, sensitivity, susceptibility to EMI, and prohibitively high cost of conventional discrete component assemblies as higher imaging resolution and data accuracy are achieved by increasing the number of channels. Nowadays, shrinking transistor gate lengths on fabrication techniques have enabled hundreds of GHz operation, which is suitable for millimeter-wave diagnostics on current and future tokamaks. The Davis Millimeter Wave Research Center (DMRC) has successfully developed V-band (55-75 GHz) transmitter and receiver chips for Microwave Imaging Reflectometer (MIR) instruments. The transmitter can illuminate 8 different frequencies simultaneously within 55-75 GHz. Moreover, the receiver has the capability to amplify the reflected signal (>30 dB) while offering 10-30× reduction in noise temperature compared to current MIR instruments. Plasma diagnostics requires ultra-wideband (more than 20 GHz) operation which is approximately nine times wider bandwidth than the recent commercial impetus for communication systems. Current efforts are underway for gallium-arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuit receiver chips at W-band (75-110 GHz) and F-band (90–140 GHz) permitting measurements at higher toroidal magnetic fields.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5035559},

  journal      = {Review of Scientific Instruments},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 89,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Fri Aug 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5035559

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 10 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Microwave imaging reflectometry for the visualization of turbulence in tokamaks
journal, February 2001

Mazzucato, E.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/0029-5515/41/2/307

Technical overview of the millimeter-wave imaging reflectometer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited)
journal, November 2014

Muscatello, C. M.; Domier, C. W.; Hu, X.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 85, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.4889735

Commissioning of electron cyclotron emission imaging instrument on the DIII-D tokamak and first data
journal, October 2010

Tobias, B.; Domier, C. W.; Liang, T.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.3460456

Millimeter-wave imaging of magnetic fusion plasmas: technology innovations advancing physics understanding
journal, March 2017

Wang, Y.; Tobias, B.; Chang, Y. -T.
Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/aa5e30

Low-noise heterodyne receiver for electron cyclotron emission imaging and microwave imaging reflectometry
journal, July 2016

Tobias, B.; Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.4959273

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

System-on-chip integrated circuit technology applications on the DIII-D tokamak for multi-field measurements

Journal Article Zheng, Y. ; Yu, G. Y. ; Chen, J. ; ... - Journal of Instrumentation

Several mm-wave diagnostics on the DIII-D tokamak provide multi-scale and multi-dimensional measurements of plasma profile evolution and turbulence fluctuations. Mm-wave fusion plasma diagnostics that adopt system-on-chip integrated circuit technology can provide better space utilization, flexible installation, and improved sensitivity. In order to further extend this technology for additional fusion facilities with a higher toroidal magnetic field, V-band (55–75 GHz) and F-band (90–140 GHz) chips for Microwave Imaging Reflectometer (MIR) and Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) instruments are developed and tested in the Davis Millimeter Wave Research Center (DMRC). Current measurement data show that correlation between these SoC-based diagnostic instruments withmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01013
System-on-chip approach microwave imaging reflectometer on DIII-D tokamak

Journal Article Zhu, Y. ; Chen, Y. ; Yu, J.-H. ; ... - Review of Scientific Instruments

System-on-chip millimeter wave integrated circuit technology is used on the two-dimensional millimeter-wave imaging reflectometer (MIR) upgrade for density fluctuation imaging on the DIII-D tokamak fusion plasma. Customized CMOS chips have been successfully developed for the transmitter module and receiver module array, covering the 55–75 GHz working band. The transmitter module has the capability of simultaneously launching eight tunable probe frequencies (>0 dBm output power each). The receiver enclosure contains 12 receiver modules in two vertical lines. The quasi-optical local oscillator coupling of previous MIR systems has been replaced with an internal active frequency multiplier chain for improved local oscillator power deliverymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0099170

Full Text Available
Design of microwave broadband CMOS transmitter and receiver circuits for MIR and ECEI plasma diagnostics

Journal Article Chen, Ying ; Zhu, Yilun ; Yu, Jo-Han ; ... - Review of Scientific Instruments

To efficiently determine the plasma electron density fluctuations using the MIR diagnostic technique, a 55–75 GHz 65 nm-CMOS transmitter has been developed where four separate intermediate frequency (IF) signals are up-converted, amplified, and then combined to generate an 8-tone RF output; a broadband 90 nm-CMOS receiver has also been constructed, which consists of an RF-low noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, and IF amplifier. The circuits and their corresponding modules will soon be deployed on the DIII-D and NSTX-U fusion devices. A 110–140 GHz 65 nm-CMOS receiver has also been designed, which is suitable for measuring the deep-core temperature fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamakmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040568

Full Text Available
Millimeter-wave imaging diagnostics systems on the EAST tokamak (invited)

Journal Article Zhu, Y. L. ; Xie, J. L., E-mail: jlxie@ustc.edu.cn ; Yu, C. X. ; ... - Review of Scientific Instruments

Millimeter-wave imaging diagnostics, with large poloidal span and wide radial range, have been developed on the EAST tokamak for visualization of 2D electron temperature and density fluctuations. A 384 channel (24 poloidal × 16 radial) Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) system in F-band (90-140 GHz) was installed on the EAST tokamak in 2012 to provide 2D electron temperature fluctuation images with high spatial and temporal resolution. A co-located Microwave Imaging Reflectometry (MIR) will be installed for imaging of density fluctuations by December 2016. This “4th generation” MIR system has eight independent frequency illumination beams in W-band (75-110 GHz) driven bymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4959162
W-band system-on-chip electron cyclotron emission imaging system on DIII-D

Journal Article Zhu, Y. ; Yu, J. -H. ; Yu, G. ; ... - Review of Scientific Instruments

Monolithic, millimeter wave “system-on-chip” (SoC) technology has been employed in heterodyne receiver integrated circuit radiometers in a newly developed Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging (ECEI) system on the DIII-D tokamak for 2D electron temperature profile and fluctuation evolution diagnostics. Here, a prototype module operating in E-band (72-80 GHz) was first employed in a 2 x 10 element array that demonstrated significant improvements over the previous quasi-optical Schottky diode mixer arrays during the 2018 operational campaign of the DIII-D tokamak. For compatibility with International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) relevant scenarios on DIII-D, the SoC ECEI system was upgraded with 20 horn-waveguide receivermore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0018082

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Millimeter-wave system-on-chip advancement for fusion plasma diagnostics

Abstract

Citation Formats

Microwave imaging reflectometry for the visualization of turbulence in tokamaks journal, February 2001

Technical overview of the millimeter-wave imaging reflectometer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited) journal, November 2014

Commissioning of electron cyclotron emission imaging instrument on the DIII-D tokamak and first data journal, October 2010

Millimeter-wave imaging of magnetic fusion plasmas: technology innovations advancing physics understanding journal, March 2017

Low-noise heterodyne receiver for electron cyclotron emission imaging and microwave imaging reflectometry journal, July 2016

Microwave imaging reflectometry for the visualization of turbulence in tokamaks
journal, February 2001

Technical overview of the millimeter-wave imaging reflectometer on the DIII-D tokamak (invited)
journal, November 2014

Commissioning of electron cyclotron emission imaging instrument on the DIII-D tokamak and first data
journal, October 2010

Millimeter-wave imaging of magnetic fusion plasmas: technology innovations advancing physics understanding
journal, March 2017

Low-noise heterodyne receiver for electron cyclotron emission imaging and microwave imaging reflectometry
journal, July 2016