DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Manufactured chemistry: Rethinking unit operation design in the age of additive manufacturing

Abstract

Advanced manufacturing enables new approaches to chemical reactor design due to the ability to build complex geometries and topologies unaccessible to traditional manufacturing technologies. These benefits have been demonstrated in the design and manufacture of novel heat exchangers and fluidic devices. However, due to prevailing heuristics in chemical reactor design, many of the benefits of advanced manufacturing have yet to be realized by the chemical engineer. As such, in order to reap these benefits, a formalized design methodology such as topology optimization should be employed for the development of high-efficiency small scale modular reactors capable of being manufactured at large volumes. In this way we may be able to start to descend fast manufacturing learning curves and unleash a new wave of innovation in the chemical engineering sciences.

Authors:
 [1]
  1. US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington DC (United States). Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington DC (United States). Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)
OSTI Identifier:
1464214
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
AIChE Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 64; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0001-1541
Publisher:
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; chemical reactor design; computational design methods; additive manufacturing; multiphysics modeling; topology optimization; manufacturability

Citation Formats

Stark, Addison K. Manufactured chemistry: Rethinking unit operation design in the age of additive manufacturing. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1002/aic.16118.
Stark, Addison K. Manufactured chemistry: Rethinking unit operation design in the age of additive manufacturing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.16118
Stark, Addison K. Wed . "Manufactured chemistry: Rethinking unit operation design in the age of additive manufacturing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.16118. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1464214.
@article{osti_1464214,
title = {Manufactured chemistry: Rethinking unit operation design in the age of additive manufacturing},
author = {Stark, Addison K.},
abstractNote = {Advanced manufacturing enables new approaches to chemical reactor design due to the ability to build complex geometries and topologies unaccessible to traditional manufacturing technologies. These benefits have been demonstrated in the design and manufacture of novel heat exchangers and fluidic devices. However, due to prevailing heuristics in chemical reactor design, many of the benefits of advanced manufacturing have yet to be realized by the chemical engineer. As such, in order to reap these benefits, a formalized design methodology such as topology optimization should be employed for the development of high-efficiency small scale modular reactors capable of being manufactured at large volumes. In this way we may be able to start to descend fast manufacturing learning curves and unleash a new wave of innovation in the chemical engineering sciences.},
doi = {10.1002/aic.16118},
journal = {AIChE Journal},
number = 4,
volume = 64,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Feb 07 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 8 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

FIGURE 1 FIGURE 1: Traditional economies of scale of a stick-built GTL plant versus economies of manufacturing scale of the internal combustion engine. Capital costs, orange dots on the bottom left plot, of GTL plants from Tijm (2010) [6] and the vehicle frame manufacturing cost learning curve, bottom right graph, data adaptedmore » from Roth et al. (2001) [7]. The star at the bottom left of the GTL capital cost curve is the internal combustion engine capital cost for a 1bpd internal combustion engine illustrating the potential gains to be had by taking a centralized manufactured reactor approach relative to a stick-built plant.« less

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Topology optimization of fluids in Stokes flow
journal, January 2002

  • Borrvall, Thomas; Petersson, Joakim
  • International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Vol. 41, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/fld.426

Current Status and Challenges in Printed Batteries: Toward Form Factor-Free, Monolithic Integrated Power Sources
journal, November 2017


Experimental characterization of heat transfer in an additively manufactured polymer heat exchanger
journal, February 2017


Modular manufacturing
journal, April 1993

  • Tsukune, H.; Tsukamoto, M.; Matsushita, T.
  • Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol. 4, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/BF00123909

3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated versatile and reusable electrodes
journal, January 2014

  • Erkal, Jayda L.; Selimovic, Asmira; Gross, Bethany C.
  • Lab Chip, Vol. 14, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4LC00171K

Topology optimization of convection-dominated, steady-state heat transfer problems
journal, July 2007


Topology optimization approaches: A comparative review
journal, August 2013


Zeolitic Materials with Hierarchical Porous Structures
journal, April 2011

  • Lopez-Orozco, Sofia; Inayat, Amer; Schwab, Andreas
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 22-23
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100462

Gas-flow distribution in bubbling fluidized beds: CFD-based analysis and impact of operating conditions
journal, July 2017


Structuring hybrid palladium nanoparticles in metallic monolithic reactors for continuous-flow three-phase alkyne hydrogenation
journal, January 2016

  • Albani, Davide; Vilé, Gianvito; Beltran Toro, Mario Alejandro
  • Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6RE00114A

Practical challenges in the energy-based control of molecular transformations in chemical reactors
journal, August 2014

  • Franssen, Izabela Szydłowska; Irimia, Daniel; Stefanidis, Georgios D.
  • AIChE Journal, Vol. 60, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/aic.14575

Integrated 3D-printed reactionware for chemical synthesis and analysis
journal, April 2012

  • Symes, Mark D.; Kitson, Philip J.; Yan, Jun
  • Nature Chemistry, Vol. 4, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1313

3D Printed High-Throughput Hydrothermal Reactionware for Discovery, Optimization, and Scale-Up
journal, July 2014

  • Kitson, Philip J.; Marshall, Ross J.; Long, Deliang
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 53, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402654

Evaluation of 3D Printing and Its Potential Impact on Biotechnology and the Chemical Sciences
journal, January 2014

  • Gross, Bethany C.; Erkal, Jayda L.; Lockwood, Sarah Y.
  • Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/ac403397r

Correction: A miniaturised 3D printed polypropylene reactor for online reaction analysis by mass spectrometry
journal, January 2017

  • Scotti, Gianmario; Nilsson, Sofia M. E.; Haapala, Markus
  • Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1039/C7RE90018J

A fully developed flow thermofluid model for topology optimization of 3D-printed air-cooled heat exchangers
journal, June 2017


Additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 by selective electron beam melting: Processing window and microstructure
journal, August 2014

  • Helmer, Harald Ernst; Körner, Carolin; Singer, Robert Friedrich
  • Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 29, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2014.192

Assemblies of Mesoporous FAU-Type Zeolite Nanosheets
journal, January 2012

  • Inayat, Alexandra; Knoke, Isabel; Spiecker, Erdmann
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 51, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105738

Biotemplating of Luffa cylindrica sponges to self-supporting hierarchical zeolite macrostructures for bio-inspired structured catalytic reactors
journal, January 2006

  • Zampieri, Alessandro; Mabande, Godwin T. P.; Selvam, Thangaraj
  • Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 26, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.036

3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry
journal, January 2013

  • Dragone, Vincenza; Sans, Victor; Rosnes, Mali H.
  • Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 9
  • DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.109

Structure, function and evolution of the gas exchangers: comparative perspectives
journal, October 2002


Additive Manufacturing: Unlocking the Evolution of Energy Materials
journal, July 2017


Air-Side Heat Transfer Enhancement Utilizing Design Optimization and an Additive Manufacturing Technique
journal, December 2016

  • Arie, Martinus A.; Shooshtari, Amir H.; Rao, Veena V.
  • Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 139, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1115/1.4035068

Structure, Energy, Synergy, TimeThe Fundamentals of Process Intensification
journal, March 2009

  • Van Gerven, Tom; Stankiewicz, Andrzej
  • Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 48, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/ie801501y

An R&D Strategy to Decouple Energy from Water
journal, November 2017


Chemical Reactor Design
journal, March 1961

  • Westbrook, G. T.; Aris, R.
  • Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 53, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/ie50615a019

Topology Optimization of Fixed-Geometry Fluid Diodes
journal, August 2015

  • Lin, Sen; Zhao, Longyu; Guest, James K.
  • Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 137, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1115/1.4030297

Towards an advanced reactor network modeling framework for fluidized bed biomass gasification: Incorporating information from detailed CFD simulations
journal, November 2016

  • Stark, Addison K.; Altantzis, Christos; Bates, Richard B.
  • Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 303
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.06.026

Additive manufacturing of zirconia parts by indirect selective laser sintering
journal, January 2014


Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: a critical review
journal, July 2015

  • Bikas, H.; Stavropoulos, P.; Chryssolouris, G.
  • The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 83, Issue 1-4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00170-015-7576-2

Configurable 3D-Printed millifluidic and microfluidic ‘lab on a chip’ reactionware devices
journal, January 2012

  • Kitson, Philip J.; Rosnes, Mali H.; Sans, Victor
  • Lab on a Chip, Vol. 12, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40761b

Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
journal, April 2014


Preparing two-dimensional nano-catalytic combustion patterns using direct inkjet printing
journal, December 2014


Market Growth, Economies of Scale, and Plant Size in the Chemical Processing Industries
journal, December 1987

  • Lieberman, Marvin B.
  • The Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 36, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.2307/2098411

Topology optimization for fluid–thermal interaction problems under constant input power
journal, February 2013

  • Matsumori, Tadayoshi; Kondoh, Tsuguo; Kawamoto, Atsushi
  • Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Vol. 47, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00158-013-0887-8

Zeolite Coatings on Microcellular Ceramic Foams: A Novel Route to Microreactor and Microseparator Devices
journal, May 2004

  • Zampieri, A.; Colombo, P.; Mabande, G. T. P.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 910
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.200306304

Velocys Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Technology—New Advances on State-of-the-Art
journal, November 2013

  • LeViness, Steve; Deshmukh, Soumitra R.; Richard, Laura A.
  • Topics in Catalysis, Vol. 57, Issue 6-9
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-0208-x

Use of Catalytic Static Mixers for Continuous Flow Gas–Liquid and Transfer Hydrogenations in Organic Synthesis
journal, July 2017

  • Hornung, Christian H.; Nguyen, Xuan; Carafa, Antony
  • Organic Process Research & Development, Vol. 21, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00180

3D printing of versatile reactionware for chemical synthesis
journal, April 2016

  • Kitson, Philip J.; Glatzel, Stefan; Chen, Wei
  • Nature Protocols, Vol. 11, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.041

Mixing dynamics in bubbling fluidized beds
journal, May 2017

  • Bakshi, A.; Ghoniem, A. F.; Altantzis, C.
  • AIChE Journal, Vol. 63, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/aic.15801

Automobile bodies: Can aluminum be an economical alternative to steel?
journal, August 2001


Continuous flow hydrogenations using novel catalytic static mixers inside a tubular reactor
journal, January 2017

  • Avril, A.; Hornung, C. H.; Urban, A.
  • Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6RE00188B

Evaluating the Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Process Planning Perspective
journal, January 2014


An efficient 3D topology optimization code written in Matlab
journal, June 2014


Topology optimization of creeping fluid flows using a Darcy–Stokes finite element
journal, January 2006

  • Guest, James K.; Prévost, Jean H.
  • International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 66, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1002/nme.1560

Flow chemistry-Microreaction technology comes of age
journal, January 2017


A porous structured reactor for hydrogenation reactions
journal, September 2015

  • Elias, Y.; Rudolf von Rohr, Ph.; Bonrath, W.
  • Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 95
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2015.05.012

Review of Heat Exchangers Enabled by Polymer and Polymer Composite Additive Manufacturing
journal, November 2017


Advanced Support Structures for Enhanced Catalytic Activity
journal, January 2004

  • Stuecker, John N.; Miller, James E.; Ferrizz, Robert E.
  • Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 43, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/ie030291v

Design Strategies for the Process of Additive Manufacturing
journal, January 2015


Systematic process intensification using building blocks
journal, October 2017


Small Modular Infrastructure
journal, October 2013


Three-dimensional Printing for Catalytic Applications: Current Status and Perspectives
journal, June 2017


From seconds to milliseconds to microseconds through tailored microchannel reactor design of a steam methane reformer
journal, January 2007


Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints
journal, January 2016


Additive manufacturing of ZrO 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ceramic components by selective laser melting
journal, January 2013

  • Wilkes, Jan; Hagedorn, Yves‐Christian; Meiners, Wilhelm
  • Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1108/13552541311292736

Constructal theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering
journal, August 2006

  • Bejan, Adrian; Lorente, Sylvie
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 100, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2221896

The constructal size of a heat exchanger
journal, August 2017

  • Bejan, A.; Lorente, S.; Martins, L.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4991014

Advanced reactor engineering with 3D printing for the continuous-flow synthesis of silver nanoparticles
journal, January 2017

  • Okafor, Obinna; Weilhard, Andreas; Fernandes, Jesum A.
  • Reaction Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6RE00210B

Design and additive manufacture for flow chemistry
journal, January 2013

  • Capel, Andrew J.; Edmondson, Steve; Christie, Steven D. R.
  • Lab on a Chip, Vol. 13, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50844g

Modular manufacturing processes: Status, challenges, and opportunities
journal, August 2017

  • Baldea, Michael; Edgar, Thomas F.; Stanley, Bill L.
  • AIChE Journal, Vol. 63, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/aic.15872

Intensifying Multiphase Reactions and Reactors: Strategies and Examples
journal, February 2017


Future Production Concepts in the Chemical Industry: Modular - Small-Scale - Continuous
journal, May 2013

  • Bieringer, T.; Buchholz, S.; Kockmann, N.
  • Chemical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200631

Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing in Organic Synthesis
journal, February 2018

  • Rossi, Sergio; Puglisi, Alessandra; Benaglia, Maurizio
  • ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701619

Ventilation patterns of the songbird lung/air sac system during different behaviors
journal, June 2013

  • Mackelprang, R.; Goller, F.
  • Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 216, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1242/jeb.087197

Giga-voxel computational morphogenesis for structural design
journal, October 2017

  • Aage, Niels; Andreassen, Erik; Lazarov, Boyan S.
  • Nature, Vol. 550, Issue 7674
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature23911

Efficient hydrogen release from perhydro-N-ethylcarbazole using catalyst-coated metallic structures produced by selective electron beam melting
journal, January 2015

  • Peters, W.; Eypasch, M.; Frank, T.
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4EE03461A

Oil and Gas Industry Megaprojects: Our Recent Track Record
journal, April 2012


Continuous Adjoint Methods for Turbulent Flows, Applied to Shape and Topology Optimization: Industrial Applications
journal, December 2014

  • Papoutsis-Kiachagias, E. M.; Giannakoglou, K. C.
  • Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, Vol. 23, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11831-014-9141-9

Manufacturing tolerant topology optimization
journal, March 2009


Towards a methodology for the systematic analysis and design of efficient chemical processes
journal, November 2008

  • Freund, Hannsjörg; Sundmacher, Kai
  • Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 47, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2008.07.011

Direct selective laser sintering and melting of ceramics: a review
journal, April 2017

  • Sing, Swee Leong; Yeong, Wai Yee; Wiria, Florencia Edith
  • Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 23, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1108/RPJ-11-2015-0178

Works referencing / citing this record:

Design standardization of unit operations for reducing the capital intensity and cost of small‐scale chemical processes
journal, October 2019

  • Arora, Akhil; Li, Jianping; Zantye, Manali S.
  • AIChE Journal, Vol. 66, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/aic.16802

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.