Synthesis of CZTS/Se and Their Solid Solution from Electrodeposited Cu–Sn–Zn Metal Precursor: A Study of S and Se Replacement Reaction
Abstract
Selenization, sulfurization, and sulfo-selenization of electrodeposited metal precursor (Cu-Sn-Zn) at high temperature (500-600 °C) in S, Se, or S + Se (mixed) atmospheres are used to understand the thermodynamics of chalcogenide incorporation reaction. Phase-pure CZTSe and CZTS were obtained after annealing at 500 degrees C for 1 min in Se (selenization) and 600 degrees C for 10 min in S (sulfurization) atmospheres, respectively. CZTSSe solid solutions are synthesized by the sequential annealing of metal precursors in S and Se atmosphere separately or in the mixed (S + Se) atmosphere. In the S-rich mixed atmosphere, S-rich CZTSSe solid solution is formed at all annealing conditions. Surprisingly, in a Se-rich mixed atmosphere, longer annealing at 600 degrees C yields S-rich CZTSSe. The CZTSSe film formed by annealing in near equimolar S/Se atmosphere exhibits a compositional gradient across the thickness. Furthermore, these results suggest that the crystallinity, composition, and hence the bandgap of CZTSSe can be precisely controlled by the proper choice of annealing temperature, duration, and atmosphere.
- Authors:
-
[2];
[2];
[2];
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai (India); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai (India)
- CSIR - National Physical Lab., New Delhi (India); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1461794
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5K00-71719
Journal ID: ISSN 2574-0962
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Applied Energy Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 1; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2574-0962
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; CZTSSe; CZTS; CZTSe; GI-XRD; replacement reaction; solar cell; solid solution; vapor pressure
Citation Formats
Singh, Ashish K., Aggarwal, Garima, Singh, Rajiv Kumar, Klein, Talysa R., Das, Chandan, Neergat, Manoj, Kavaipatti, Balasubramaniam, and van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Synthesis of CZTS/Se and Their Solid Solution from Electrodeposited Cu–Sn–Zn Metal Precursor: A Study of S and Se Replacement Reaction. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1021/acsaem.8b00527.
Singh, Ashish K., Aggarwal, Garima, Singh, Rajiv Kumar, Klein, Talysa R., Das, Chandan, Neergat, Manoj, Kavaipatti, Balasubramaniam, & van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Synthesis of CZTS/Se and Their Solid Solution from Electrodeposited Cu–Sn–Zn Metal Precursor: A Study of S and Se Replacement Reaction. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b00527
Singh, Ashish K., Aggarwal, Garima, Singh, Rajiv Kumar, Klein, Talysa R., Das, Chandan, Neergat, Manoj, Kavaipatti, Balasubramaniam, and van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Wed .
"Synthesis of CZTS/Se and Their Solid Solution from Electrodeposited Cu–Sn–Zn Metal Precursor: A Study of S and Se Replacement Reaction". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b00527. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1461794.
@article{osti_1461794,
title = {Synthesis of CZTS/Se and Their Solid Solution from Electrodeposited Cu–Sn–Zn Metal Precursor: A Study of S and Se Replacement Reaction},
author = {Singh, Ashish K. and Aggarwal, Garima and Singh, Rajiv Kumar and Klein, Talysa R. and Das, Chandan and Neergat, Manoj and Kavaipatti, Balasubramaniam and van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.},
abstractNote = {Selenization, sulfurization, and sulfo-selenization of electrodeposited metal precursor (Cu-Sn-Zn) at high temperature (500-600 °C) in S, Se, or S + Se (mixed) atmospheres are used to understand the thermodynamics of chalcogenide incorporation reaction. Phase-pure CZTSe and CZTS were obtained after annealing at 500 degrees C for 1 min in Se (selenization) and 600 degrees C for 10 min in S (sulfurization) atmospheres, respectively. CZTSSe solid solutions are synthesized by the sequential annealing of metal precursors in S and Se atmosphere separately or in the mixed (S + Se) atmosphere. In the S-rich mixed atmosphere, S-rich CZTSSe solid solution is formed at all annealing conditions. Surprisingly, in a Se-rich mixed atmosphere, longer annealing at 600 degrees C yields S-rich CZTSSe. The CZTSSe film formed by annealing in near equimolar S/Se atmosphere exhibits a compositional gradient across the thickness. Furthermore, these results suggest that the crystallinity, composition, and hence the bandgap of CZTSSe can be precisely controlled by the proper choice of annealing temperature, duration, and atmosphere.},
doi = {10.1021/acsaem.8b00527},
journal = {ACS Applied Energy Materials},
number = 7,
volume = 1,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Wed Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Cited by: 6 works
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Schematic of the process flow diagram from Cu−Sn−Zn (CTZ) to CZTS, CZTSe, and CZTSSe: sequence of the metal precursor synthesis (a); conversion process from precursor to CZTS/ CZTSe/CZTSSe (hot zone (red) and cold zone (green) are marked in the figure) (b); final product (c).
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