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Title: Absolute Hugoniot measurements from a spherically convergent shock using x-ray radiography

Abstract

Here, the canonical high pressure equation of state measurement is to induce a shock wave in the sample material and measure two mechanical properties of the shocked material or shock wave. For accurate measurements, the experiment is normally designed to generate a planar shock which is as steady as possible in space and time, and a single state is measured. A converging shock strengthens as it propagates, so a range of shock pressures is induced in a single experiment. However, equation of state measurements must then account for spatial and temporal gradients. We have used x-ray radiography of spherically converging shocks to determine states along the shock Hugoniot. The radius-time history of the shock, and thus its speed, was measured by radiographing the position of the shock front as a function of time using an x-ray streak camera. The density profile of the shock was then inferred from the x-ray transmission at each instant of time. Simultaneous measurement of the density at the shock front and the shock speed determines an absolute mechanical Hugoniot state. The density profile was reconstructed using the known, unshocked density which strongly constrains the density jump at the shock front. The radiographic configuration and streakmore » camera behavior were treated in detail to reduce systematic errors. Measurements were performed on the Omega and National Ignition Facility lasers, using a hohlraum to induce a spatially uniform drive over the outside of a solid, spherical sample and a laser-heated thermal plasma as an x-ray source for radiography. Absolute shock Hugoniot measurements were demonstrated for carbon-containing samples of different composition and initial density, up to temperatures at which K-shell ionization reduced the opacity behind the shock. Here we present the experimental method using measurements of polystyrene as an example.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6];  [7]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY (United States)
  4. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  5. Atomic Weapons Establishment, Berkshire (United Kingdom)
  6. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Helmholtz Zentrum, Dresden (Germany)
  7. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1458533
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1437674
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION

Citation Formats

Swift, Damian C., Kritcher, Andrea L., Hawreliak, James A., Lazicki, Amy, MacPhee, Andrew, Bachmann, Benjamin, Doppner, Tilo, Nilsen, Joseph, Collins, Gilbert W., Glenzer, Siegfried, Rothman, Stephen D., Kraus, Dominik, and Falcone, Roger W. Absolute Hugoniot measurements from a spherically convergent shock using x-ray radiography. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5032142.
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Swift, Damian C., Kritcher, Andrea L., Hawreliak, James A., Lazicki, Amy, MacPhee, Andrew, Bachmann, Benjamin, Doppner, Tilo, Nilsen, Joseph, Collins, Gilbert W., Glenzer, Siegfried, Rothman, Stephen D., Kraus, Dominik, & Falcone, Roger W. Absolute Hugoniot measurements from a spherically convergent shock using x-ray radiography. United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032142
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Swift, Damian C., Kritcher, Andrea L., Hawreliak, James A., Lazicki, Amy, MacPhee, Andrew, Bachmann, Benjamin, Doppner, Tilo, Nilsen, Joseph, Collins, Gilbert W., Glenzer, Siegfried, Rothman, Stephen D., Kraus, Dominik, and Falcone, Roger W. Fri . "Absolute Hugoniot measurements from a spherically convergent shock using x-ray radiography". United States. doi:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032142. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1458533.
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@article{osti_1458533,
title = {Absolute Hugoniot measurements from a spherically convergent shock using x-ray radiography},
author = {Swift, Damian C. and Kritcher, Andrea L. and Hawreliak, James A. and Lazicki, Amy and MacPhee, Andrew and Bachmann, Benjamin and Doppner, Tilo and Nilsen, Joseph and Collins, Gilbert W. and Glenzer, Siegfried and Rothman, Stephen D. and Kraus, Dominik and Falcone, Roger W.},
abstractNote = {Here, the canonical high pressure equation of state measurement is to induce a shock wave in the sample material and measure two mechanical properties of the shocked material or shock wave. For accurate measurements, the experiment is normally designed to generate a planar shock which is as steady as possible in space and time, and a single state is measured. A converging shock strengthens as it propagates, so a range of shock pressures is induced in a single experiment. However, equation of state measurements must then account for spatial and temporal gradients. We have used x-ray radiography of spherically converging shocks to determine states along the shock Hugoniot. The radius-time history of the shock, and thus its speed, was measured by radiographing the position of the shock front as a function of time using an x-ray streak camera. The density profile of the shock was then inferred from the x-ray transmission at each instant of time. Simultaneous measurement of the density at the shock front and the shock speed determines an absolute mechanical Hugoniot state. The density profile was reconstructed using the known, unshocked density which strongly constrains the density jump at the shock front. The radiographic configuration and streak camera behavior were treated in detail to reduce systematic errors. Measurements were performed on the Omega and National Ignition Facility lasers, using a hohlraum to induce a spatially uniform drive over the outside of a solid, spherical sample and a laser-heated thermal plasma as an x-ray source for radiography. Absolute shock Hugoniot measurements were demonstrated for carbon-containing samples of different composition and initial density, up to temperatures at which K-shell ionization reduced the opacity behind the shock. Here we present the experimental method using measurements of polystyrene as an example.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5032142},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 5,
volume = 89,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {5}
}
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Journal Article:
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DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032142
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Cited by: 5 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Schematic of the hohlraum-driven converging-shock experiment. Wedge diagram shows the sequence of shells comprising a spherical target bead.
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Works referenced in this record:

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    Absolute Equation-of-State Measurement for Polystyrene from 25 to 60 Mbar Using a Spherically Converging Shock Wave
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      FIG. 1 (p. 3)figure
      FIG. 2 (p. 4)figure
      FIG. 3 (p. 4)figure
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      FIG. 5 (p. 5)figure
      FIG. 6 (p. 5)figure
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      FIG. 10 (p. 6)figure
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      FIG. 9 (p. 6)figure
      FIG. 11 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 12 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 13 (p. 7)figure
      FIG. 14 (p. 9)figure
      FIG. 15 (p. 9)figure
      FIG. 16 (p. 10)figure
      FIG. 17 (p. 10)figure
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