Concept for maritime near-surface surveillance using water Raman scattering
Abstract
Here, we discuss a maritime surveillance and detection concept based on Raman scattering of water molecules. Using a range-gated scanning lidar that detects Raman scattered photons from water, the absence or change of signal indicates the presence of a non-water object. With sufficient spatial resolution, a two-dimensional outline of the object can be generated by the scanning lidar. Because Raman scattering is an inelastic process with a relatively large wavelength shift for water, this concept avoids the often problematic elastic scattering for objects at or very close to the water surface or from the bottom surface for shallow waters. The maximum detection depth for this concept is limited by the attenuation of the excitation and return Raman light in water. If excitation in the UV is used, fluorescence can be used for discrimination between organic and non-organic objects. In this paper, we present a lidar model for this concept and discuss results of proof-of-concept measurements. Using published cross section values, the model and measurements are in reasonable agreement and show that a sufficient number of Raman photons can be generated for modest lidar parameters to make this concept useful for near-surface detection.
- Authors:
-
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1444095
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1460623
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2018-5619J
Journal ID: ISSN 1559-128X; APOPAI; 663457
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Applied Optics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 57; Journal Issue: 17; Journal ID: ISSN 1559-128X
- Publisher:
- Optical Society of America
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
Citation Formats
Shokair, Isaac R., Johnson, Mark S., Schmitt, Randal L., and Sickafoose, Shane M. Concept for maritime near-surface surveillance using water Raman scattering. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1364/AO.57.004858.
Shokair, Isaac R., Johnson, Mark S., Schmitt, Randal L., & Sickafoose, Shane M. Concept for maritime near-surface surveillance using water Raman scattering. United States. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.004858
Shokair, Isaac R., Johnson, Mark S., Schmitt, Randal L., and Sickafoose, Shane M. Fri .
"Concept for maritime near-surface surveillance using water Raman scattering". United States. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.004858. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1444095.
@article{osti_1444095,
title = {Concept for maritime near-surface surveillance using water Raman scattering},
author = {Shokair, Isaac R. and Johnson, Mark S. and Schmitt, Randal L. and Sickafoose, Shane M.},
abstractNote = {Here, we discuss a maritime surveillance and detection concept based on Raman scattering of water molecules. Using a range-gated scanning lidar that detects Raman scattered photons from water, the absence or change of signal indicates the presence of a non-water object. With sufficient spatial resolution, a two-dimensional outline of the object can be generated by the scanning lidar. Because Raman scattering is an inelastic process with a relatively large wavelength shift for water, this concept avoids the often problematic elastic scattering for objects at or very close to the water surface or from the bottom surface for shallow waters. The maximum detection depth for this concept is limited by the attenuation of the excitation and return Raman light in water. If excitation in the UV is used, fluorescence can be used for discrimination between organic and non-organic objects. In this paper, we present a lidar model for this concept and discuss results of proof-of-concept measurements. Using published cross section values, the model and measurements are in reasonable agreement and show that a sufficient number of Raman photons can be generated for modest lidar parameters to make this concept useful for near-surface detection.},
doi = {10.1364/AO.57.004858},
journal = {Applied Optics},
number = 17,
volume = 57,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Fig. 1: Illustration of lidar beam incidence, refraction at the air-water interface, and return Raman light. The range is R and s is the path length along the propagation direction in the water.
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Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.