Phase Transition of H2 in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K

Olsen, Raina J.; Gillespie, Andrew K.; Contescu, Cristian I.; Taylor, Jonathan W.; Pfeifer, Peter; Morris, James R.

doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b06640

Title: Phase Transition of H₂ in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K

Abstract

In this paper, we report a phase transition in H₂ adsorbed in a locally graphitic Saran carbon with subnanometer pores 0.5–0.65 nm in width, in which two layers of hydrogen can just barely squeeze, provided they pack tightly. The phase transition is observed at 75 K, temperatures far higher than other systems in which an adsorbent is known to increase phase transition temperatures: for instance, H₂ melts at 14 K in the bulk, but at 20 K on graphite because the solid H₂ is stabilized by the surface structure. Here we observe a transition at 75 K and 77–200 bar: from a low-temperature, low-density phase to a high-temperature, higher density phase. We model the low-density phase as a monolayer commensurate solid composed mostly of para-H₂ (the ground nuclear spin state, S = 0) and the high-density phase as an orientationally ordered bilayer commensurate solid composed mostly of ortho-H₂ (S = 1). We attribute the increase in density with temperature to the fact that the oblong ortho-H₂ can pack more densely. The transition is observed using two experiments. The high-density phase is associated with an increase in neutron backscatter by a factor of 7.0 ± 0.1. Normally, hydrogen produces no backscattermore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Gillespie, Andrew K. ^[2];

^[1]; Taylor, Jonathan W. ^[3]; Pfeifer, Peter ^[2];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Didcot (United Kingdom). Rutherford Appleton Lab. ISIS Spallation Neutron Source

Publication Date:: Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO)

OSTI Identifier:: 1439944

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ACS Nano

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; adsorption; carbon; hydrogen storage; neutron scattering; nuclear magnetism

Citation Formats


                    Olsen, Raina J., Gillespie, Andrew K., Contescu, Cristian I., Taylor, Jonathan W., Pfeifer, Peter, and Morris, James R. Phase Transition of H2 in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b06640.

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                    Olsen, Raina J., Gillespie, Andrew K., Contescu, Cristian I., Taylor, Jonathan W., Pfeifer, Peter, & Morris, James R. Phase Transition of H2 in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b06640

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                    Olsen, Raina J., Gillespie, Andrew K., Contescu, Cristian I., Taylor, Jonathan W., Pfeifer, Peter, and Morris, James R. Mon .  
"Phase Transition of H2 in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b06640.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1439944.

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@article{osti_1439944,

  title        = {Phase Transition of H2 in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K},

  author       = {Olsen, Raina J. and Gillespie, Andrew K. and Contescu, Cristian I. and Taylor, Jonathan W. and Pfeifer, Peter and Morris, James R.},

  abstractNote = {In this paper, we report a phase transition in H2 adsorbed in a locally graphitic Saran carbon with subnanometer pores 0.5–0.65 nm in width, in which two layers of hydrogen can just barely squeeze, provided they pack tightly. The phase transition is observed at 75 K, temperatures far higher than other systems in which an adsorbent is known to increase phase transition temperatures: for instance, H2 melts at 14 K in the bulk, but at 20 K on graphite because the solid H2 is stabilized by the surface structure. Here we observe a transition at 75 K and 77–200 bar: from a low-temperature, low-density phase to a high-temperature, higher density phase. We model the low-density phase as a monolayer commensurate solid composed mostly of para-H2 (the ground nuclear spin state, S = 0) and the high-density phase as an orientationally ordered bilayer commensurate solid composed mostly of ortho-H2 (S = 1). We attribute the increase in density with temperature to the fact that the oblong ortho-H2 can pack more densely. The transition is observed using two experiments. The high-density phase is associated with an increase in neutron backscatter by a factor of 7.0 ± 0.1. Normally, hydrogen produces no backscatter (scattering angle >90°). This backscatter appears along with a discontinuous increase in the excitation mass from 1.2 amu to 21.0 ± 2.3 amu, which we associate with collective nuclear spin excitations in the orientationally ordered phase. Film densities were measured using hydrogen adsorption. Finally, no phase transition was observed in H2 adsorbed in control activated carbon materials.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acsnano.7b06640},

  journal      = {ACS Nano},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Thesis/Dissertation Motteler, F C

The heat capacity of monolayer p-H/sub 2/ adsorbed on graphite foam was measured over the 0.0631 to 0.0891 A/sup -2/ density range and the 2 to 25 /sup 0/K temperature range. Specific-heat peaks are observed over almost the entire density range and are similar to those observed for /sup 4/He and /sup 3/He monolayers on graphite for similar densities. Low-density data (0.0631 A/sup -2/ to 0.0727 A/sup -2/) contains a heat-capacity peak attributed to the commensurate order-disorder transition. At commensurate density, 0.0637 A/sup -2/, the peak attains a maximum height of C/Nk/sub b/ = 11.7 at 21.4/sup 0/K and maymore »« less
Orientational behavior of quantum rotors physisorbed on boron nitride

Journal Article Kim, K ; Sullivan, N S - Physical Review, B: Condensed Matter

We report the results of NMR studies of the two-dimensional (2D) phase diagrams for molecular H{sub 2} films (monolayers and submonolayers) adsorbed on BN for ortho-H{sub 2} concentrations 0.3{lt}X{lt}0.745 and temperatures 0.05{lt}T{lt}4.2 K. A 2D quadrupolar glass state has been identified for submonolayer coverages for 0.48{lt}X{lt}0.69 and 0.2{le}T{le}0.6 K. For submonolayer films (75{percent} of full monolayer), an orientationally ordered phase (expected pinwheel structure) was observed for X{ge}0.69 with a transition to a second distinct ordered phase (expected herringbone structure) for X{le}0.69. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.55.R664
Theory of ortho-para conversion in hydrogen adsorbed on metal and paramagnetic surfaces at low temperatures

Journal Article Yucel, S - Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter; (United States)

In order to explain the experimental results on Cu(100), Ag(111), Ag thin films, graphite, and H/sub 2/ bubbles in Cu, the ortho-para conversion rates of H/sub 2/ and D/sub 2/ adsorbed on metal and paramagnetic surfaces at low temperatures have been considered. The conversion rates due to magnetic dipole-dipole, Fermi contact, and spin-orbit interaction between the conduction electrons, and nuclear spins of H/sub 2/ (D/sub 2/) are calculated to elucidate the role of the metal surface. Although the rates on clean metal surfaces are found to be too slow to account for the observed rates on Ag, they may explainmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.3104
Phase transitions in solid hydrogen at megabar pressures

Miscellaneous Lorenzana, H E

Solid H2 was studied using Raman scattering in a diamond anvil cell up to pressures of 167 GPa and from temperatures of 4.3 to 150 K. The observation is reported of the orientationally ordered phase in para-H2 at 1.1 megabars and 8 K. New results are also presented about the recently observed transition by Hemley and Mao at 77 K and 1.5 megabars in an approx. 50 pct. ortho-para mixture. It is shown that, contrary to expectations, the new phase is not the continuation of the low pressure orientationally ordered phase. This new phase called hydrogen-A (H-A) was determined tomore »« less
Ferroelastic phase transition and phonons in a diatomic-molecular monolayer

Journal Article Tang, S Y ; Jin, W ; Mahanti, S D ; ... - Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter; (United States)

Using a constant-pressure molecular-dynamics simulation, we have investigated the thermodynamics and the dynamics of a two-dimensional diatomic-molecular monolayer undergoing a ferroelastic phase transition. This system closely resembles the delta phase of oxygen molecules adsorbed on a graphite surface. For Lennard-Jones parameters appropriate for the oxygen molecules, we find a first-order transition from an orientationally ordered distorted triangular structure (ferro- elastic phase) to an orientationally disordered equilateral triangular structure (paraelastic phase). The transition temperature is 20.1 K compared with 26 K for oxygen on graphite (coverage approx. =8 molecules (100 A/sup 2/ )) and the entropy associated with this transition ismore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.677

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Title: Phase Transition of H2 in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K

Abstract

Citation Formats

Direct Evidence for Solid-like Hydrogen in a Nanoporous Carbon Hydrogen Storage Material at Supercritical Temperatures journal, July 2015

Natural ortho-para conversion rate in liquid and gaseous hydrogen journal, April 1997

Molar Volume of Solid Parahydrogen along the Melting Line journal, August 1965

An improved experimental equation of state of solid hydrogen and deuterium journal, February 1984

Specific heats of hydrogen, deuterium, and neon in porous Vycor glass journal, November 1983

ADSORBED LAYERS OF D 2 , H 2 , O 2 , AND 3 He ON GRAPHITE STUDIED BY NEUTRON SCATTERING journal, October 1977

Phases and phase transitions of para-hydrogen monolayers adsorbed on graphite journal, October 1985

Neutron Diffraction from Ethylene Adsorbed on Graphite journal, August 1983

Heat capacity of the commensurate phase and ordering transition of para- H 2 monolayers on graphite journal, January 1985

The commensurate-incommensurate transition of hydrogen monolayers physisorbed on graphite journal, October 1987

Excitations in the commensurate phase of H2, D2 and HD on graphite journal, January 1989

Neutron-diffraction study of the commensurate-incommensurate phase transition of deuterium monolayers physisorbed on graphite journal, July 1990

Calculated properties of the commensurate monolayers of helium and hydrogen on graphite journal, April 1990

4He films on graphite studied by neutron scattering journal, May 1992

Heat capacity and the commensurate-incommensurate transition of He 4 adsorbed on graphite journal, January 1993

Phonons in rare-gas solids close to melting journal, February 1987

Properties of immobile hydrogen confined in microporous carbon journal, June 2017

On the Possibility of a Metallic Modification of Hydrogen journal, December 1935

Solid hydrogen at 342 GPa: no evidence for an alkali metal journal, May 1998

Electronic excitations and metallization of dense solid hydrogen journal, July 2013

Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen journal, January 2017

Phase Transition in Solid Molecular Hydrogen at Ultrahigh Pressures journal, August 1988

Ultrahigh-pressure transitions in solid hydrogen journal, April 1994

Raman measurements of phase transitions in dense solid hydrogen and deuterium to 325 GPa journal, March 2014

Evidence for a new phase of dense hydrogen above 325 gigapascals journal, January 2016

XXXI. A λ-anomaly in the specific heat of solid hydrogen journal, March 1954

On the Quenching of Molecular Rotation of Ortho-Hydrogen in Solid State journal, August 1955

Orientational Order in Solid Ortho-Hydrogen. I. Cubic Close-Packed Molecular Lattice journal, October 1967

Theory of Rotational Excitations in Solid Ortho-Hydrogen journal, October 1967

Elementary Excitations in fcc Solid Ortho-Hydrogen journal, April 1968

Evidence for quadrupolar glass phases in solid hydrogen at reduced ortho concentrations journal, June 1978

The vibrational spectrum of hydrogen adsorbed on palladium black measured using inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy journal, June 1978

Adsorption of Hydrogen in Ca-Exchanged Na-A Zeolites Probed by Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy journal, January 1996

Quantum excitation spectrum of hydrogen adsorbed in nanoporous carbons observed by inelastic neutron scattering journal, July 2013

Atypical hydrogen uptake on chemically-activated, ultramicroporous carbon journal, April 2010

PVDC-Based Carbon Material by Chemical Activation and Its Application to Nonaqueous EDLC journal, January 2004

A simple method for preparing porous carbon by PVDC pyrolysis journal, March 2008

Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering book, May 2012

Studies of the Dynamic Properties of Materials Using Neutron Scattering journal, August 1986

Measurement of momentum distribution of lightatoms and molecules in condensed matter systems using inelastic neutron scattering journal, July 2005

Inelastic neutron scattering from liquid and solid hydrogen at high momentum transfer journal, December 1988

Density dependence of the single-particle kinetic energy of solid hydrogen journal, January 1990

The momentum distribution of liquid hydrogen in vycor journal, May 1991

Density evolution of the atomic momentum distribution in liquid and solid hydrogen journal, January 1996

A neutron scattering study of hydrogen in vycor glass journal, April 1996

Deep inelastic neutron scattering from fluid para- and orthohydrogen journal, August 1998

Density dependence of the momentum distributions in liquid para -hydrogen journal, April 2006

Deep inelastic neutron scattering on liquid hydrogen in the crossover region between the molecular and atomic regimes journal, July 1998

Excess of Proton Mean Kinetic Energy in Supercooled Water journal, March 2008

Proton quantum coherence observed in water confined in silica nanopores journal, October 2007

Anomalous Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering from Liquid H 2 O- D 2 O: Evidence of Nuclear Quantum Entanglement journal, October 1997

Measurement of proton momentum distributions using a direct geometry instrument journal, December 2014

The quantum nature of the OH stretching mode in ice and water probed by neutron scattering experiments journal, August 2013

X-Ray and Neutron Scattering by Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes book, January 1979

The structure of supercritical heavy water as studied by neutron diffraction journal, August 1997

Slow Neutron Scattering by Molecular Hydrogen and Deuterium journal, August 1964

Neutron Scattering Study of Elementary Excitations in Liquid Helium-3 journal, September 1976

Zero Sound and Spin Fluctuations in Liquid Helium-3 journal, September 1976

Neutron scattering from liquid helium three at elevated pressure journal, June 1978

Polarization potentials and elementary excitations in liquid 3He journal, September 1978

A simple theoretical analysis of the low-energy spin fluctuation peak observed by neutrons in liquid 3He journal, October 1979

First Study of Nuclear Antiferromagnetism by Neutron Diffraction journal, November 1978

Evidence for Nuclear Antiferromagnetism in Copper journal, June 1979

Observation of Nuclear Antiferromagnetic Order in Copper by Neutron Diffraction at Nanokelvin Temperatures journal, June 1988

Nuclear magnetic ordering in simple metals at positive and negative nanokelvin temperatures journal, January 1997

A Round Robin characterisation of the hydrogen sorption properties of a carbon based material journal, April 2009

Zeolite-Templated Carbon Materials for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage journal, June 2012

Preliminary evaluation of the performance of an adsorption-based hydrogen storage system journal, November 2009

Determination of the Adsorption Isotherms of Hydrogen on Activated Carbons above the Critical Temperature of the Adsorbate over Wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges journal, March 2001

Technical Aspects of Ortho-Parahydrogen Conversion journal, May 1964

Die spezifischen Wärmen des festen Wasserstoffs bei Heliumtemperaturen journal, January 1932

Über den Dampfdruckunterschied und die Molwärme von Ortho- und Parawasserstoff journal, January 1939

On the State of Solid Hydrogen journal, March 1955

λ Anomaly in the Heat Capacity of Solid Hydrogen at Small Molar Volumes journal, March 1964

Observation of Librational Waves in the Ordered State of Solid Hydrogen and Deuterium by Raman Scattering journal, February 1969

Solid Hydrogen: The Ideal Analog of an Antiferromagnet journal, March 1971

Phonons, Librons, and the Rotational State J = 1 in HCP and FCC Solid Hydrogen by Neutron Spectroscopy journal, August 1972

Title: Phase Transition of H₂ in Subnanometer Pores Observed at 75 K

Direct Evidence for Solid-like Hydrogen in a Nanoporous Carbon Hydrogen Storage Material at Supercritical Temperatures
journal, July 2015

Natural ortho-para conversion rate in liquid and gaseous hydrogen
journal, April 1997

Molar Volume of Solid Parahydrogen along the Melting Line
journal, August 1965

An improved experimental equation of state of solid hydrogen and deuterium
journal, February 1984

Specific heats of hydrogen, deuterium, and neon in porous Vycor glass
journal, November 1983

ADSORBED LAYERS OF D ₂ , H ₂ , O ₂ , AND ³ He ON GRAPHITE STUDIED BY NEUTRON SCATTERING
journal, October 1977

Phases and phase transitions of para-hydrogen monolayers adsorbed on graphite
journal, October 1985

Neutron Diffraction from Ethylene Adsorbed on Graphite
journal, August 1983

Heat capacity of the commensurate phase and ordering transition of para- $H_{2}$ monolayers on graphite
journal, January 1985

The commensurate-incommensurate transition of hydrogen monolayers physisorbed on graphite
journal, October 1987

Excitations in the commensurate phase of H2, D2 and HD on graphite
journal, January 1989

Neutron-diffraction study of the commensurate-incommensurate phase transition of deuterium monolayers physisorbed on graphite
journal, July 1990

Calculated properties of the commensurate monolayers of helium and hydrogen on graphite
journal, April 1990

4He films on graphite studied by neutron scattering
journal, May 1992

Heat capacity and the commensurate-incommensurate transition of ${}^{4}{He}$ adsorbed on graphite
journal, January 1993

Phonons in rare-gas solids close to melting
journal, February 1987

Properties of immobile hydrogen confined in microporous carbon
journal, June 2017

On the Possibility of a Metallic Modification of Hydrogen
journal, December 1935

Solid hydrogen at 342 GPa: no evidence for an alkali metal
journal, May 1998

Electronic excitations and metallization of dense solid hydrogen
journal, July 2013

Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen
journal, January 2017

Phase Transition in Solid Molecular Hydrogen at Ultrahigh Pressures
journal, August 1988

Ultrahigh-pressure transitions in solid hydrogen
journal, April 1994

Raman measurements of phase transitions in dense solid hydrogen and deuterium to 325 GPa
journal, March 2014

Evidence for a new phase of dense hydrogen above 325 gigapascals
journal, January 2016

XXXI. A λ-anomaly in the specific heat of solid hydrogen
journal, March 1954

On the Quenching of Molecular Rotation of Ortho-Hydrogen in Solid State
journal, August 1955

Orientational Order in Solid Ortho-Hydrogen. I. Cubic Close-Packed Molecular Lattice
journal, October 1967

Theory of Rotational Excitations in Solid Ortho-Hydrogen
journal, October 1967

Elementary Excitations in fcc Solid Ortho-Hydrogen
journal, April 1968

Evidence for quadrupolar glass phases in solid hydrogen at reduced ortho concentrations
journal, June 1978

The vibrational spectrum of hydrogen adsorbed on palladium black measured using inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy
journal, June 1978

Adsorption of Hydrogen in Ca-Exchanged Na-A Zeolites Probed by Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy
journal, January 1996

Quantum excitation spectrum of hydrogen adsorbed in nanoporous carbons observed by inelastic neutron scattering
journal, July 2013

Atypical hydrogen uptake on chemically-activated, ultramicroporous carbon
journal, April 2010

PVDC-Based Carbon Material by Chemical Activation and Its Application to Nonaqueous EDLC
journal, January 2004

A simple method for preparing porous carbon by PVDC pyrolysis
journal, March 2008

Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering
book, May 2012

Studies of the Dynamic Properties of Materials Using Neutron Scattering
journal, August 1986

Measurement of momentum distribution of lightatoms and molecules in condensed matter systems using inelastic neutron scattering
journal, July 2005

Inelastic neutron scattering from liquid and solid hydrogen at high momentum transfer
journal, December 1988

Density dependence of the single-particle kinetic energy of solid hydrogen
journal, January 1990

The momentum distribution of liquid hydrogen in vycor
journal, May 1991

Density evolution of the atomic momentum distribution in liquid and solid hydrogen
journal, January 1996

A neutron scattering study of hydrogen in vycor glass
journal, April 1996

Deep inelastic neutron scattering from fluid para- and orthohydrogen
journal, August 1998

Density dependence of the momentum distributions in liquid para -hydrogen
journal, April 2006

Deep inelastic neutron scattering on liquid hydrogen in the crossover region between the molecular and atomic regimes
journal, July 1998

Excess of Proton Mean Kinetic Energy in Supercooled Water
journal, March 2008

Proton quantum coherence observed in water confined in silica nanopores
journal, October 2007

Anomalous Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering from Liquid $H_{2}$ O- $D_{2}$ O: Evidence of Nuclear Quantum Entanglement
journal, October 1997

Measurement of proton momentum distributions using a direct geometry instrument
journal, December 2014

The quantum nature of the OH stretching mode in ice and water probed by neutron scattering experiments
journal, August 2013

X-Ray and Neutron Scattering by Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes
book, January 1979

The structure of supercritical heavy water as studied by neutron diffraction
journal, August 1997

Slow Neutron Scattering by Molecular Hydrogen and Deuterium
journal, August 1964

Neutron Scattering Study of Elementary Excitations in Liquid Helium-3
journal, September 1976

Zero Sound and Spin Fluctuations in Liquid Helium-3
journal, September 1976

Neutron scattering from liquid helium three at elevated pressure
journal, June 1978

Polarization potentials and elementary excitations in liquid 3He
journal, September 1978

A simple theoretical analysis of the low-energy spin fluctuation peak observed by neutrons in liquid 3He
journal, October 1979

First Study of Nuclear Antiferromagnetism by Neutron Diffraction
journal, November 1978

Evidence for Nuclear Antiferromagnetism in Copper
journal, June 1979

Observation of Nuclear Antiferromagnetic Order in Copper by Neutron Diffraction at Nanokelvin Temperatures
journal, June 1988

Nuclear magnetic ordering in simple metals at positive and negative nanokelvin temperatures
journal, January 1997

A Round Robin characterisation of the hydrogen sorption properties of a carbon based material
journal, April 2009

Zeolite-Templated Carbon Materials for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage
journal, June 2012

Preliminary evaluation of the performance of an adsorption-based hydrogen storage system
journal, November 2009

Determination of the Adsorption Isotherms of Hydrogen on Activated Carbons above the Critical Temperature of the Adsorbate over Wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges
journal, March 2001

Technical Aspects of Ortho-Parahydrogen Conversion
journal, May 1964

Die spezifischen Wärmen des festen Wasserstoffs bei Heliumtemperaturen
journal, January 1932

Über den Dampfdruckunterschied und die Molwärme von Ortho- und Parawasserstoff
journal, January 1939

On the State of Solid Hydrogen
journal, March 1955

$λ$ Anomaly in the Heat Capacity of Solid Hydrogen at Small Molar Volumes
journal, March 1964

Observation of Librational Waves in the Ordered State of Solid Hydrogen and Deuterium by Raman Scattering
journal, February 1969

Solid Hydrogen: The Ideal Analog of an Antiferromagnet
journal, March 1971

Phonons, Librons, and the Rotational State J = 1 in HCP and FCC Solid Hydrogen by Neutron Spectroscopy
journal, August 1972

An accurate H2–H2 interaction potential from first principles
journal, March 2000

Collective excitations in solid hydrogen as observed by incoherent neutron scattering
journal, December 1978