Solution aging and degradation of a transparent conducting polymer dispersion

Li, Jun; Jacobs, Ian E.; Friedrich, Stephan; Stroeve, Pieter; Moule, Adam J.

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2016.04.019

Title: Solution aging and degradation of a transparent conducting polymer dispersion

Journal Article · Sat Apr 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Organic Electronics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.04.019 · OSTI ID:1438704

Li, Jun ^[1]; Jacobs, Ian E. ^[1]; Friedrich, Stephan ^[2]; Stroeve, Pieter ^[1]; Moule, Adam J. ^[1]

Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

As organic electronics improve, there is increased research interest on the longevity and stability of both the device and individual material components. Most of these studies focus on post deposition degradation and aging of the film. In this article, we examine the stability of polyelectrolyte dispersions before film coating. We observe substantial differences in the solution properties of the transparent conducting polymer, S-P3MEET, when comparing fresh versus aged dispersions and relate these solution differences to film properties. The aged dispersion contains large agglomerates and exhibits a typical shear-thinning rheological behavior, which results in non-uniformity of the spin-coated films. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure measurements were used to differentiate the changes in bonding and oxidation states and show that aged S-P3MEET is more highly self-doped than fresh S-P3MEET. We also show that addition of acid, salt or heat to fresh S-P3MEET can accelerate the degradation/aging process but are subjected to different mechanisms. Conductivity measurements of S-P3MEET films illustrate that there is a tradeoff between increased work function and decreased conductivity upon perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) loading. The formation of nanostructure in solution is also correlated to film morphology variations obtained from atomic force microscopy. Here, we expect that dispersion aging is a process that commonly exists in most solution-dispersed polyelectrolyte materials and that the methodologies presented in this paper might be beneficial to future degradation/stability studies.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1438704

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--736468

Journal Information:: Organic Electronics, Journal Name: Organic Electronics Journal Issue: C Vol. 34; ISSN 1566-1199

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (52)

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) Cumpston, B. H.; Jensen, K. F. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 69, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980919)69:12<2451::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-#	journal	September 1998
Investigation of the Effects of Doping and Post-Deposition Treatments on the Conductivity, Morphology, and Work Function of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrene sulfonate) Films Huang, J.; Miller, P. F.; Wilson, J. S. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200400073	journal	February 2005
Characterization of Organic Solar Cells: the Importance of Device Layout Cravino, A.; Schilinsky, P.; Brabec, C. J. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700295	journal	December 2007
The Consequences of Interface Mixing on Organic Photovoltaic Device Characteristics Huang, David M.; Mauger, Scott A.; Friedrich, Stephan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002014	journal	March 2011
Effect of Trace Solvent on the Morphology of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Chang, Lilian; Lademann, Hans W. A.; Bonekamp, Jörg-Bernd Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201002372	journal	March 2011
The Curious Out-of-Plane Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS van de Ruit, Kevin; Katsouras, Ilias; Bollen, Dirk Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201301175	journal	June 2013
Microscopic Understanding of the Anisotropic Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS Thin Films Nardes, A. M.; Kemerink, M.; Janssen, R. A. J. Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602575	journal	May 2007
Stability of Polymer Solar Cells Jørgensen, Mikkel; Norrman, Kion; Gevorgyan, Suren A. Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104187	journal	December 2011
Nearly 100% Internal Quantum Efficiency in Undoped Electroluminescent Devices Employing Pure Organic Emitters Zhang, Qisheng; Tsang, Daniel; Kuwabara, Hirokazu Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201405474	journal	February 2015
Classification of Additives for Organic Photovoltaic Devices Machui, Florian; Maisch, Philipp; Burgués-Ceballos, Ignasi ChemPhysChem, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201402734	journal	January 2015
Doping of organic semiconductors Lüssem, B.; Riede, M.; Leo, K. physica status solidi (a), Vol. 210, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201228310	journal	December 2012
Photovoltaic and photoconductive properties of aluminum/poly(p-phenylene vinylene) interfaces Antoniadis, H.; Hsieh, B. R.; Abkowitz, M. A. Synthetic Metals, Vol. 62, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)90215-1	journal	February 1994
Doping-induced change of carrier mobilities in poly(3-hexylthiophene) films with different stacking structures Jiang, X.; Harima, Y.; Yamashita, K. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 364, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(02)01383-0	journal	October 2002
Effect of light and temperature on zeta potential and physical stability in solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN™) dispersions Freitas, Chrysantha; Müller, Rainer H. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Vol. 168, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00092-1	journal	June 1998
Degradation of bulk heterojunction solar cells operated in an inert gas atmosphere: a systematic study Padinger, F.; Fromherz, T.; Denk, P. Synthetic Metals, Vol. 121, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(00)01504-6	journal	March 2001
Morphology and conductivity of PEDOT/PSS films studied by scanning–tunneling microscopy Timpanaro, S.; Kemerink, M.; Touwslager, F. J. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 394, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.035	journal	August 2004
Stability of dispersions of colloidal alumina particles in aqueous suspensions Singh, Bimal P.; Menchavez, Ruben; Takai, Chika Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 291, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.04.091	journal	November 2005
Effects of thickness and thermal annealing of the PEDOT:PSS layer on the performance of polymer solar cells Kim, Y.; Ballantyne, A.; Nelson, J. Organic Electronics, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2008.10.003	journal	February 2009
Characterization of new transparent organic electrode materials Mauger, Scott A.; Moulé, Adam J. Organic Electronics, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2011.08.008	journal	November 2011
Degradation mechanisms in organic photovoltaic devices Grossiord, Nadia; Kroon, Jan M.; Andriessen, Ronn Organic Electronics, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2011.11.027	journal	March 2012
Directional dependence of electron blocking in PEDOT:PSS Mauger, Scott A.; Chang, Lilian; Rochester, Christopher W. Organic Electronics, Vol. 13, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2012.08.004	journal	November 2012
A facile dedoping approach for effectively tuning thermoelectricity and acidity of PEDOT:PSS films Tsai, Tsung-Che; Chang, Hsiu-Cheng; Chen, Chun-Hua Organic Electronics, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2013.12.023	journal	March 2014
The effect of thermal annealing on dopant site choice in conjugated polymers Li, Jun; Rochester, Christopher W.; Jacobs, Ian E. Organic Electronics, Vol. 33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2016.02.029	journal	June 2016
Lifetimes of organic photovoltaics: photochemistry, atmosphere effects and barrier layers in ITO-MEHPPV:PCBM-aluminium devices Krebs, F.; Carle, J.; Cruysbagger, N. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 86, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.09.002	journal	April 2005
Lifetimes of organic photovoltaics: Using TOF-SIMS and 18O2 isotopic labelling to characterise chemical degradation mechanisms Norrman, Kion; Krebs, Frederik C. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.03.004	journal	January 2006
Lifetimes of organic photovoltaics: Design and synthesis of single oligomer molecules in order to study chemical degradation mechanisms Alstrup, Jan; Norrman, Kion; Jørgensen, Mikkel Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.04.004	journal	November 2006
Degradation of organic solar cells due to air exposure Kawano, Kenji; Pacios, Roberto; Poplavskyy, Dmitry Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, Issue 20, p. 3520-3530 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.06.041	journal	December 2006
Stability/degradation of polymer solar cells Jørgensen, Mikkel; Norrman, Kion; Krebs, Frederik C. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 92, Issue 7, p. 686-714 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.01.005	journal	July 2008
Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: A review of printing and coating techniques Krebs, Frederik C. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 93, Issue 4, p. 394-412 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.10.004	journal	April 2009
A round robin study of flexible large-area roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cell modules Krebs, Frederik C.; Gevorgyan, Suren A.; Gholamkhass, Bobak Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 93, Issue 11, p. 1968-1977 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.07.015	journal	November 2009
Determination of phase diagrams of binary and ternary organic semiconductor blends for organic photovoltaic devices Li, Ning; Machui, Florian; Waller, David Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 95, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.005	journal	December 2011
Gravure printing inverted organic solar cells: The influence of ink properties on film quality and device performance Voigt, Monika M.; Mackenzie, Roderick C. I.; King, Simon P. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 105 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.04.025	journal	October 2012
Effect of solution pH value on thermoelectric performance of free-standing PEDOT:PSS films Kong, Fangfang; Liu, Congcong; Song, Haijun Synthetic Metals, Vol. 185-186 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.09.046	journal	December 2013
Stabilization of highly concentrated suspensions of iron nanoparticles using shear-thinning gels of xanthan gum Comba, Silvia; Sethi, Rajandrea Water Research, Vol. 43, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.046	journal	August 2009
Introducing Solubility Control for Improved Organic P-Type Dopants Li, Jun; Zhang, Guangwu; Holm, Daniella M. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02340	journal	August 2015
Measurement of Small Molecular Dopant F4TCNQ and C ₆₀ F ₃₆ Diffusion in Organic Bilayer Architectures Li, Jun; Rochester, Chris W.; Jacobs, Ian E. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09216	journal	December 2015
The Origin of the High Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)−Poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT−PSS) Plastic Electrodes Crispin, X.; Jakobsson, F. L. E.; Crispin, A. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061032+	journal	August 2006
Coating flow of non-Newtonian fluids on a flat rotating disk Jenekhe, Samson A.; Schuldt, Spencer B. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/i100016a009	journal	November 1984
Degradation Patterns in Water and Oxygen of an Inverted Polymer Solar Cell Norrman, Kion; Madsen, Morten V.; Gevorgyan, Suren A. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 132, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja106299g	journal	December 2010
Morphology and Thermal Stability of the Active Layer in Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)/Methanofullerene Plastic Photovoltaic Devices Yang, Xiaoniu; van Duren, Jeroen K. J.; Janssen, René A. J. Macromolecules, Vol. 37, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035620+	journal	February 2004
Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Gelation of P3HT and Its Impact on the Photovoltaic Performance Koppe, Markus; Brabec, Christoph J.; Heiml, Sabrina Macromolecules, Vol. 42, Issue 13, p. 4661-4666 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9005445	journal	July 2009
Surface-Directed Spinodal Decomposition in Poly[3-hexylthiophene] and C ₆₁ -Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Blends Vaynzof, Yana; Kabra, Dinesh; Zhao, Lihong ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn102899g	journal	December 2010
The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic Forrest, Stephen R. Nature, Vol. 428, Issue 6986, p. 911-918 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02498	journal	April 2004
Efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence Zhang, Qisheng; Li, Bo; Huang, Shuping Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.12	journal	March 2014
High work-function hole transport layers by self-assembly using a fluorinated additive Mauger, Scott A.; Li, Jun; Özmen, Özge Tüzün J. Mater. Chem. C, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TC30973H	journal	January 2014
Scalable, ambient atmosphere roll-to-roll manufacture of encapsulated large area, flexible organic tandem solar cell modules Andersen, Thomas R.; Dam, Henrik F.; Hösel, Markus Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01223B	journal	January 2014
Manufacture, integration and demonstration of polymer solar cells in a lamp for the “Lighting Africa” initiative Krebs, Frederik C.; Nielsen, Torben D.; Fyenbo, Jan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 3, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/b918441d	journal	January 2010
Influence of temperature and drive current on degradation mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes Ishii, Masahiko; Taga, Yasunori Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1476704	journal	May 2002
Organic donor/acceptor photovoltaics: The role of C60/metal interfaces Melzer, Christian; Krasnikov, Victor V.; Hadziioannou, Georges Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1570936	journal	May 2003
Calibrated NEXAFS spectra of common conjugated polymers Watts, B.; Swaraj, S.; Nordlund, D. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 134, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3506636	journal	January 2011
Theoretical studies of the interaction between aluminum and poly( p ‐phenylenevinylene) and derivatives Lögdlund, M.; Brédas, J. L. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 101, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.467486	journal	September 1994
Effect of doping on the density-of-states distribution and carrier hopping in disordered organic semiconductors Arkhipov, V. I.; Heremans, P.; Emelianova, E. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.045214	journal	January 2005

Cited By (2)

Improved Anisotropic Thermoelectric Behavior of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) via Magnetophoresis Zarubin, Vera A.; Li, Tai-De; Humagain, Sunita ACS Omega, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b00999	journal	October 2018
High electrical conductivity and carrier mobility in oCVD PEDOT thin films by engineered crystallization and acid treatment Wang, Xiaoxue; Zhang, Xu; Sun, Lei Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5780	journal	September 2018

Similar Records

High work-function hole transport layers by self-assembly using a fluorinated additive

Journal Article · Wed Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · OSTI ID:1376021

Mauger, Scott A.; Li, Jun; Özmen, Özge TÃ¼zÃ¼n; +5 more

Evolution of Ionomer Morphology from Dispersion to Film: An in Situ X-ray Study

Journal Article · Tue Oct 08 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Macromolecules · OSTI ID:1594934

Dudenas, Peter J.; Kusoglu, Ahmet

Investigation of the Microstructure and Rheology of Iridium Oxide Catalyst Inks for Low-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Journal Article · Wed Nov 06 23:00:00 EST 2019 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · OSTI ID:1578258

Khandavalli, Sunilkumar; Park, Jae Hyung; Kariuki, Nancy N.; +5 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Aging
Conductivity
Degradation
Organic electronics
Solution processing
Stability

Title: Solution aging and degradation of a transparent conducting polymer dispersion

Citation Formats

References (52)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects