Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Abstract

A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells.

Authors:
; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1438509
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1480825; OSTI ID: 1490700; OSTI ID: 1907244
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Volume: 165 Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651
Publisher:
The Electrochemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; commercial lithium-ion battery; internal temperature and strain; simultaneous operando measurements

Citation Formats

Yu, Xinghua, Feng, Zhili, Ren, Yang, Henn, Daniel, Wu, Zhenggang, An, Ke, Wu, Bi, Fau, Christian, Li, Chen, and Harris, Stephen J. Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1149/2.1251807jes.
Copy to clipboard
Yu, Xinghua, Feng, Zhili, Ren, Yang, Henn, Daniel, Wu, Zhenggang, An, Ke, Wu, Bi, Fau, Christian, Li, Chen, & Harris, Stephen J. Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell. United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes
Copy to clipboard
Yu, Xinghua, Feng, Zhili, Ren, Yang, Henn, Daniel, Wu, Zhenggang, An, Ke, Wu, Bi, Fau, Christian, Li, Chen, and Harris, Stephen J. Thu . "Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell". United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes.
Copy to clipboard
@article{osti_1438509,
title = {Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell},
author = {Yu, Xinghua and Feng, Zhili and Ren, Yang and Henn, Daniel and Wu, Zhenggang and An, Ke and Wu, Bi and Fau, Christian and Li, Chen and Harris, Stephen J.},
abstractNote = {A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells.},
doi = {10.1149/2.1251807jes},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
number = 7,
volume = 165,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {5}
}
Copy to clipboard
Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes
Copyright Statement
Other availability
Search WorldCat Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 26 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Operando synchrotron experimental setup, with insert showing the battery before sandwitched between two aluminum blocks for temperature control.
All figures and tables (11 total)
Save / Share:
Export Metadata
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.

Works referenced in this record:

Chemistry, Impedance, and Morphology Evolution in Solid Electrolyte Interphase Films during Formation in Lithium Ion Batteries
journal, December 2013

  • Lu, Peng; Li, Chen; Schneider, Eric W.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp4111019

Model-Based Virtual Thermal Sensors for Lithium-Ion Battery in EV Applications
journal, May 2015

Heterogeneous behavior modeling of a LiFePO 4 -graphite cell using an equivalent electrical circuit
journal, August 2017

Spinel materials for Li-ion batteries: new insights obtained by operando neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction
journal, November 2015

  • Bianchini, Matteo; Fauth, François; Suard, Emmanuelle
  • Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, Vol. 71, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1107/S2052520615017199

Fast charging technique for high power LiFePO4 batteries: A mechanistic analysis of aging
journal, July 2016

Analysis of Electrochemical and Thermal Behavior of Li-Ion Cells
journal, January 2003

  • Srinivasan, Venkat; Wang, C. Y.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1526512

Operando X-ray Diffraction Study of Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Li x Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2
journal, January 2017

  • Weber, Rochelle; Fell, Christopher R.; Dahn, J. R.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0441713jes

Understanding structural changes in NMC Li-ion cells by in situ neutron diffraction
journal, June 2014

Direct in situ measurements of Li transport in Li-ion battery negative electrodes
journal, January 2010

Lithiation-Induced Dilation Mapping in a Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode by 3D X-Ray Microscopy and Digital Volume Correlation
journal, November 2013

  • Eastwood, David S.; Yufit, Vladimir; Gelb, Jeff
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300506

Stochastic simulation model for the 3D morphology of composite materials in Li–ion batteries
journal, December 2011

Visualization and Quantification of Electrochemical and Mechanical Degradation in Li Ion Batteries
journal, October 2013

Simulation of temperature distribution in cylindrical and prismatic lithium ion secondary batteries
journal, July 2007

Visualizing the chemistry and structure dynamics in lithium-ion batteries by in-situ neutron diffraction
journal, October 2012

  • Wang, Xun-Li; An, Ke; Cai, Lu
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep00747

Production caused variation in capacity aging trend and correlation to initial cell performance
journal, February 2014

A combustion chemistry analysis of carbonate solvents used in Li-ion batteries
journal, September 2009

Thermal characterizations of a large-format lithium ion cell focused on high current discharges
journal, December 2014

Rate-Dependent, Li-Ion Insertion/Deinsertion Behavior of LiFePO 4 Cathodes in Commercial 18650 LiFePO 4 Cells
journal, February 2014

  • Liu, Qi; He, Hao; Li, Zhe-Fei
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/am405150c

In Situ Observation of Strains during Lithiation of a Graphite Electrode
journal, January 2010

  • Qi, Yue; Harris, Stephen J.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 157, Issue 6, p. A741-A747
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.3377130

Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery
journal, May 2010

In-situ observation of inhomogeneous degradation in large format Li-ion cells by neutron diffraction
journal, August 2013

Local Tortuosity Inhomogeneities in a Lithium Battery Composite Electrode
journal, January 2011

  • Kehrwald, Dirk; Shearing, Paul R.; Brandon, Nigel P.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.079112jes

Measuring and assessing the effective in-plane thermal conductivity of lithium iron phosphate pouch cells
journal, November 2016

Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical, and Electrochromic Properties of Lanthanide Bis-Phthalocyanines
journal, January 2014

  • Orman, Efe Baturhan; Koca, Atıf; Özkaya, Ali Rıza
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.111406jes

Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery
journal, June 2012

A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
journal, September 2013

Effect of different binders on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C cathode material in lithium ion batteries
journal, February 2014

Streamline three-dimensional thermal model of a lithium titanate pouch cell battery in extreme temperature conditions with module simulation
journal, November 2017

Chemomechanical fatigue of LiMn1.95Al0.05O4 electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2018

Thermal conductivity and internal temperature profiles of Li-ion secondary batteries
journal, August 2017

Direct In Situ Observation and Numerical Simulations of Non-Shrinking-Core Behavior in an MCMB Graphite Composite Electrode
journal, January 2012

  • Harris, Stephen J.; Rahani, Ehsan Kabiri; Shenoy, Vivek B.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.055209jes

Tracking inhomogeneity in high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries
journal, February 2015

Effects of Inhomogeneities—Nanoscale to Mesoscale—on the Durability of Li-Ion Batteries
journal, February 2013

  • Harris, Stephen J.; Lu, Peng
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp311431z

Correlationship between electrode mechanics and long-term cycling performance for graphite anode in lithium ion cells
journal, November 2012

Non-uniform aging of cycled commercial LiFePO4//graphite cylindrical cells revealed by post-mortem analysis
journal, July 2014

Rolling contact fatigue of surface coatings—a review
journal, December 2002

High-Rate Charging Induced Intermediate Phases and Structural Changes of Layer-Structured Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, August 2016

  • Zhou, Yong-Ning; Yue, Ji-Li; Hu, Enyuan
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201600597

Stress evolution and capacity fade in constrained lithium-ion pouch cells
journal, January 2014

Thermal Model of Cylindrical and Prismatic Lithium-Ion Cells
journal, January 2001

  • Hatchard, T. D.; MacNeil, D. D.; Basu, A.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 148, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1377592

Modeling of Galvanostatic Charge and Discharge of the Lithium/Polymer/Insertion Cell
journal, January 1993

  • Doyle, Marc
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.2221597

Mesopores inside electrode particles can change the Li-ion transport mechanism and diffusion-induced stress
journal, August 2010

  • Harris, Stephen J.; Deshpande, Rutooj D.; Qi, Yue
  • Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 25, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2010.0183

Failure statistics for commercial lithium ion batteries: A study of 24 pouch cells
journal, February 2017

Simulation and Measurement of Local Potentials of Modified Commercial Cylindrical Cells: I. Cell Preparation and Measurements
journal, January 2015

  • Osswald, P. J.; Erhard, S. V.; Wilhelm, J.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0561510jes

Identify capacity fading mechanism in a commercial LiFePO4 cell
journal, October 2009

Development of an Advanced Two-Dimensional Thermal Model for Large size Lithium-ion Pouch Cells
journal, January 2014

Safety focused modeling of lithium-ion batteries: A review
journal, February 2016

Lithium-ion cell-to-cell variation during battery electric vehicle operation
journal, November 2015

Measurement of the internal cell temperature via impedance: Evaluation and application of a new method
journal, December 2013

Internal Cell Temperature Measurement and Thermal Modeling of Lithium Ion Cells for Automotive Applications by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
journal, March 2017

  • Haussmann, Peter; Melbert, Joachim
  • SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, Vol. 6, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4271/2017-01-1215

(Invited) Robust Internal Temperature Sensing of Large-Format Li-Ion Cells
journal, April 2017

  • Zhang, Guangsheng; Ge, Shanhai; Leng, Yongjun
  • ECS Meeting Abstracts, Vol. MA2017-01, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1149/MA2017-01/4/263

Thermal diffusivity study of aged Li-ion batteries using flash method
journal, February 2010

In-Operando Measurement of Temperature Gradients in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during High-Current Discharge
journal, October 2014

  • Waldmann, T.; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M.
  • ECS Electrochemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0031501eel

A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes
journal, February 2014

In-plane nonuniform temperature effects on the performance of a large-format lithium-ion pouch cell
journal, March 2016

Probing Multiscale Transport and Inhomogeneity in a Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Using In Situ Neutron Methods
journal, October 2016

Quantifying Inhomogeneity of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes and Its Influence on Electrochemical Performance
journal, January 2018

  • Müller, Simon; Eller, Jens; Ebner, Martin
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0311802jes

Mechanical and Electrochemical Response of a LiCoO2 Cathode using Reconstructed Microstructures
journal, February 2016

Volume, Pressure and Thickness Evolution of Li-Ion Pouch Cells with Silicon-Composite Negative Electrodes
journal, January 2017

  • Louli, A. J.; Li, Jing; Trussler, S.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.1691712jes

Life prediction model for grid-connected Li-ion battery energy storage system
conference, May 2017

Internal temperature prediction of Lithium-ion cell using differential voltage technique
conference, June 2017

  • Tripathy, Yashraj; McGordon, Andrew; Low, John
  • 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)
  • DOI: 10.1109/ITEC.2017.7993315

Modeling stresses in the separator of a pouch lithium-ion cell
journal, October 2011

Thermal Barrier Coatings for Gas-Turbine Engine Applications
journal, April 2002

    Sort by:
    [ × clear filter / sort ]

    Figures / Tables found in this record:

    Figure 1 (p. 3)figure
    Figure 2 (p. 4)figure
    Figure 3 (p. 4)figure
    Figure 4 (p. 4)figure
    Figure 5 (p. 4)figure
    Figure 6 (p. 5)figure
    Figure 7 (p. 5)figure
    Figure 8 (p. 5)figure
    Figure 10 (p. 6)figure
    Figure 9 (p. 6)figure
    Figure 11 (p. 7)figure
      [ × clear filter / sort ]
      Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

      Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections: