Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides

Wang, Gang; Chernikov, Alexey; Glazov, Mikhail M.; Heinz, Tony F.; Marie, Xavier; Amand, Thierry; Urbaszek, Bernhard

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001

Title: Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

Atomically thin materials such as graphene and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit remarkable physical properties resulting from their reduced dimensionality and crystal symmetry. The family of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides is an especially promising platform for fundamental studies of two-dimensional (2D) systems, with potential applications in optoelectronics and valleytronics due to their direct band gap in the monolayer limit and highly efficient light-matter coupling. A crystal lattice with broken inversion symmetry combined with strong spin-orbit interactions leads to a unique combination of the spin and valley degrees of freedom. In addition, the 2D character of the monolayers and weak dielectric screening from the environment yield a significant enhancement of the Coulomb interaction. The resulting formation of bound electron-hole pairs, or excitons, dominates the optical and spin properties of the material. In this article, recent progress in understanding of the excitonic properties in monolayer TMDs is reviewed and future challenges are laid out. Discussed are the consequences of the strong direct and exchange Coulomb interaction, exciton light-matter coupling, and influence of finite carrier and electron-hole pair densities on the exciton properties in TMDs. Finally, the impact on valley polarization is described and the tuning of the energies and polarization observedmore »« less

Authors:

Wang, Gang ^[1]; Chernikov, Alexey ^[2]; Glazov, Mikhail M. ^[3]; Heinz, Tony F. ^[4]; Marie, Xavier ^[5]; Amand, Thierry ^[5]; Urbaszek, Bernhard ^[5]

Univ. of Toulouse (France). INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO; Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). G. W. Cambridge Graphene Centre
Univ. of Regensburg (Germany). Dept. of Physics
Ioffe Inst., St. Petersburg (Russian Federation)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. of Toulouse (France). INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO

Publication Date:: 2018-04-04

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; European Research Council (ERC); German Research Foundation (DFG); Grant of the President of the Russian Federation; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Research Agency of France (ANR); Univ. Inst. of France (IUF); LIA CNRS-Ioffe ILNACS

OSTI Identifier:: 1435910

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1431398

Grant/Contract Number:: CH 1672/1-1; 17-02-00383; 17-52-16020; AC02-76-SFO0515; 306719; GBMF4545; MD-1555.2017.2; SFB 1277, B05

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Reviews of Modern Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 90; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6861

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; optoelectronics; semiconductors; valleytronics

Citation Formats


                    Wang, Gang, Chernikov, Alexey, Glazov, Mikhail M., Heinz, Tony F., Marie, Xavier, Amand, Thierry, and Urbaszek, Bernhard. Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001.

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                    Wang, Gang, Chernikov, Alexey, Glazov, Mikhail M., Heinz, Tony F., Marie, Xavier, Amand, Thierry, & Urbaszek, Bernhard. Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001

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                    Wang, Gang, Chernikov, Alexey, Glazov, Mikhail M., Heinz, Tony F., Marie, Xavier, Amand, Thierry, and Urbaszek, Bernhard. Wed .  
"Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1435910.

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@article{osti_1435910,

  title        = {Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides},

  author       = {Wang, Gang and Chernikov, Alexey and Glazov, Mikhail M. and Heinz, Tony F. and Marie, Xavier and Amand, Thierry and Urbaszek, Bernhard},

  abstractNote = {Atomically thin materials such as graphene and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit remarkable physical properties resulting from their reduced dimensionality and crystal symmetry. The family of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides is an especially promising platform for fundamental studies of two-dimensional (2D) systems, with potential applications in optoelectronics and valleytronics due to their direct band gap in the monolayer limit and highly efficient light-matter coupling. A crystal lattice with broken inversion symmetry combined with strong spin-orbit interactions leads to a unique combination of the spin and valley degrees of freedom. In addition, the 2D character of the monolayers and weak dielectric screening from the environment yield a significant enhancement of the Coulomb interaction. The resulting formation of bound electron-hole pairs, or excitons, dominates the optical and spin properties of the material. In this article, recent progress in understanding of the excitonic properties in monolayer TMDs is reviewed and future challenges are laid out. Discussed are the consequences of the strong direct and exchange Coulomb interaction, exciton light-matter coupling, and influence of finite carrier and electron-hole pair densities on the exciton properties in TMDs. Finally, the impact on valley polarization is described and the tuning of the energies and polarization observed in applied electric and magnetic fields is summarized.},

  doi          = {10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001},

  journal      = {Reviews of Modern Physics},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 90,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {4}

}

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Bhuyan, Sumi; Jindal, Vishwas; Jana, Dipankar
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 43
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aadfc2

Dynamical screening in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides and its manifestations in the exciton spectrum
journal, March 2019

Scharf, Benedikt; Van Tuan, Dinh; Žutić, Igor
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab071f

Recent progress in 2D group IV–IV monochalcogenides: synthesis, properties and applications
journal, April 2019

Hu, Ziyu; Ding, Yingchun; Hu, Xuemin
Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 25
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab07d9

Enhanced excitation and emission from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with all-dielectric nanoantennas
journal, April 2019

Lepeshov, Sergey; Krasnok, Alex; Alù, Andrea
Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 25
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0daf

Band-bending induced by charged defects and edges of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide films
journal, June 2018

Le Quang, T.; Nogajewski, K.; Potemski, M.
2D Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/aac65a

Fine structure of K-excitons in multilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, February 2019

Slobodeniuk, A. O.; Bala, Ł; Koperski, M.
2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab0776

Photo-induced exfoliation of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
journal, September 2019

Wu, Si-Si; Huang, Teng-Xiang; Lin, Kai-Qiang
2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab42b6

Magnetic field mixing and splitting of bright and dark excitons in monolayer MoSe ₂
journal, November 2019

Lu, Zhengguang; Rhodes, Daniel; Li, Zhipeng
2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab5614

New insights in the lattice dynamics of monolayers, bilayers, and trilayers of WSe ₂ and unambiguous determination of few-layer-flakes’ thickness
journal, January 2020

De Luca, Marta; Cartoixà, Xavier; Martín-Sánchez, Javier
2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab5dec

Disentangling the effects of doping, strain and disorder in monolayer WS ₂ by optical spectroscopy
journal, January 2020

Kolesnichenko, Pavel V.; Zhang, Qianhui; Yun, Tinghe
2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab626a

Two-photon absorption in two-dimensional materials: The case of hexagonal boron nitride
journal, October 2018

Attaccalite, Claudio; Grüning, Myrta; Amara, Hakim
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.98.165126

Photoluminescence properties of the entire excitonic series in ${Cu}_{2} O$
journal, November 2018

Takahata, Mitsuyoshi; Naka, Nobuko
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.98.195205

Crossover from trion-hole complex to exciton-polaron in $n$ -doped two-dimensional semiconductor quantum wells
journal, December 2018

Chang, Yia-Chung; Shiau, Shiue-Yuan; Combescot, Monique
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.98.235203

Magnetophotoluminescence of exciton Rydberg states in monolayer $WS e_{2}$
journal, May 2019

Liu, Erfu; van Baren, Jeremiah; Taniguchi, Takashi
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.99.205420

Scanning Tunneling Microscope-Induced Excitonic Luminescence of a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor
journal, July 2019

Pommier, Delphine; Bretel, Rémi; López, Luis E. Parra
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.027402

Microscopic description of exciton-polaritons in microcavities
journal, November 2019

Levinsen, Jesper; Li, Guangyao; Parish, Meera M.
Physical Review Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033120

Van der Waals materials integrated nanophotonic devices [Invited]
journal, January 2019

Liu, Chang-hua; Zheng, Jiajiu; Chen, Yueyang
Optical Materials Express, Vol. 9, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1364/ome.9.000384

Dielectric Properties of NbxW1-xSe2 Alloys
journal, January 2019

Rigosi, Albert F.; Hill, Heather; Krylyuk, Sergiy
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol. 124
DOI: 10.6028/jres.124.035

2D Material Microcavity Light Emitters: To Lase or Not to Lase?
journal, July 2018

Reeves, Lewis; Wang, Yue; Krauss, Thomas F.
Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1002/adom.201800272

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation
journal, September 2019

Hafez, Hassan A.; Kovalev, Sergey; Tielrooij, Klaas‐Jan
Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/adom.201900771

Few-Body Systems in Condensed Matter Physics
journal, July 2019

Kezerashvili, Roman Ya.
Few-Body Systems, Vol. 60, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s00601-019-1520-1

Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling
journal, July 2018

Schneider, Christian; Glazov, Mikhail M.; Korn, Tobias
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04866-6

Efficient generation of neutral and charged biexcitons in encapsulated WSe2 monolayers
journal, September 2018

Ye, Ziliang; Waldecker, Lutz; Ma, Eric Yue
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05917-8

Upconverted electroluminescence via Auger scattering of interlayer excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
journal, May 2019

Binder, J.; Howarth, J.; Withers, F.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10323-9

Direct band-gap crossover in epitaxial monolayer boron nitride
journal, June 2019

Elias, C.; Valvin, P.; Pelini, T.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10610-5

Out-of-plane orientation of luminescent excitons in two-dimensional indium selenide
journal, September 2019

Brotons-Gisbert, Mauro; Proux, Raphaël; Picard, Raphaël
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11920-4

Revealing exciton masses and dielectric properties of monolayer semiconductors with high magnetic fields
journal, September 2019

Goryca, M.; Li, J.; Stier, A. V.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12180-y

Exciton physics and device application of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
journal, September 2018

Mueller, Thomas; Malic, Ermin
npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41699-018-0074-2

Structural prediction of stabilized atomically thin tin layers
journal, May 2019

Borlido, Pedro; Huran, Ahmad W.; Marques, Miguel A. L.
npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41699-019-0103-9

Valley-contrasting optics of interlayer excitons in Mo- and W-based bulk transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, January 2018

Arora, Ashish; Deilmann, Thorsten; Marauhn, Philipp
Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 33
DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03764g

Substrate-induced shifts and screening in the fluorescence spectra of supramolecular adsorbed organic monolayers
journal, August 2018

Kerfoot, James; Korolkov, Vladimir V.; Nizovtsev, Anton S.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 149, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.5041418

Optical absorption of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride in the ultraviolet
journal, October 2019

Henriques, J. C. G.; Ventura, G. B.; Fernandes, C. D. M.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 32, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab47b3

Zeeman spectroscopy of excitons and hybridization of electronic states in few-layer WSe ₂ , MoSe ₂ and MoTe ₂
journal, November 2018

Arora, Ashish; Koperski, Maciej; Slobodeniuk, Artur
2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/aae7e5

Exciton-polaritons in multilayer WSe ₂ in a planar microcavity
journal, October 2019

Król, Mateusz; Rechcińska, Katarzyna; Nogajewski, Karol
2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab4b14

Theory of coherent pump–probe spectroscopy in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, December 2019

Katsch, Florian; Selig, Malte; Knorr, Andreas
2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab5407

Exciton routing in the heterostructure of a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer on a paraelectric substrate
journal, October 2019

Shahnazaryan, V.; Kyriienko, O.; Rostami, H.
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.165303

Triple sum frequency pump-probe spectroscopy of transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, December 2019

Morrow, Darien J.; Kohler, Daniel D.; Zhao, Yuzhou
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.235303

Hot exciton transport in $WS e_{2}$ monolayers
journal, December 2019

Cordovilla Leon, Darwin F.; Li, Zidong; Jang, Sung Woon
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.241401

Excitons in phosphorene: A semi-analytical perturbative approach
journal, January 2020

Henriques, J. C. G.; Peres, N. M. R.
Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.101.035406

Complexes of dipolar excitons in layered quasi-two-dimensional nanostructures
journal, April 2018

Bondarev, Igor V.; Vladimirova, Maria R.
Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.97.165419

Exciton-polarons in doped semiconductors in a strong magnetic field
journal, June 2018

Efimkin, Dmitry K.; MacDonald, Allan H.
Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.97.235432

Interlayer hybridization and moiré superlattice minibands for electrons and excitons in heterobilayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, March 2019

Ruiz-Tijerina, David A.; Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.99.125424

Bright Luminescence from Indirect and Strongly Bound Excitons in h-BN
journal, February 2019

Schué, Léonard; Sponza, Lorenzo; Plaud, Alexandre
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.067401

Virtual Trions in the Photoluminescence of Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, May 2019

Van Tuan, Dinh; Jones, Aaron M.; Yang, Min
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.217401

Control of the Exciton Radiative Lifetime in van der Waals Heterostructures
journal, August 2019

Fang, H. H.; Han, B.; Robert, C.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.067401

Excited-State Trions in Monolayer ${WS}_{2}$
journal, October 2019

Arora, Ashish; Deilmann, Thorsten; Reichenauer, Till
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.167401

Strain dependence of photoluminescence and circular dichroism in transition metal dichalcogenides: a k · p analysis
journal, January 2018

Aas, Shahnaz; Bulutay, Ceyhun
Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1364/OE.26.028672

Electroluminescence from multi-particle exciton complexes in transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
journal, April 2019

Paur, Matthias; Molina-Mendoza, Aday J.; Bratschitsch, Rudolf
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09781-y

Dielectric disorder in two-dimensional materials
journal, August 2019

Raja, Archana; Waldecker, Lutz; Zipfel, Jonas
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0520-0

Physics of excitons and their transport in two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
journal, January 2019

Kaviraj, Bhaskar; Sahoo, Dhirendra
RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 44
DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03769a

Rich diversity of crystallographic phase formation in 2D Re _x Mo _1 – _x S ₂ ( x < 0.5) alloy
journal, December 2019

Sharona, H.; Vishal, B.; Bhat, U.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 22
DOI: 10.1063/1.5121363

Inhomogeneous photocarrier dynamics and transport in monolayer MoS ₂ by ultrafast microscopy
journal, September 2019

Yu, Kuai; Wang, Junzhong; Chen, Jing
Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 48
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3dc2

Ultrafast time-resolved investigations of excitons and biexcitons at room temperature in layered WS ₂
journal, November 2018

Chowdhury, Rup K.; Nandy, Snehasish; Bhattacharya, Sayantan
2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/aae872

Magneto-optical Kerr effect in spin split two-dimensional massive Dirac materials
journal, January 2020

Catarina, G.; Peres, N. M. R.; Fernández-Rossier, J.
2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab6781

Quantum anomalous valley Hall effect for bosons
journal, September 2019

Kovalev, V. M.; Savenko, I. G.
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.121405

Exploration of the bright and dark exciton landscape and fine structure of ${MoS}_{2}$ using $G_{0} W_{0}$ -BSE
journal, September 2019

Yu, Hongyu; Laurien, Magdalena; Hu, Zhenpeng
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.125413

Gate Tunable Dark Trions in Monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$
journal, July 2019

Liu, Erfu; van Baren, Jeremiah; Lu, Zhengguang
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.027401

Giant gate-tunable bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a 2D semiconductor
journal, July 2019

Qiu, Zhizhan; Trushin, Maxim; Fang, Hanyan
Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2347

Valley phonons and exciton complexes in a monolayer semiconductor
journal, January 2020

He, Minhao; Rivera, Pasqual; Van Tuan, Dinh
Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14472-0

Using light, X-rays and electrons for evaluation of the nanostructure of layered materials
journal, January 2018

Djamil, John; Hansen, Anna-Lena; Backes, Claudia
Nanoscale, Vol. 10, Issue 45
DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07287f

Diabatic Hamiltonian construction in van der Waals heterostructure complexes
journal, January 2019

Xie, Yu; Sun, Huijuan; Zheng, Qijing
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 48
DOI: 10.1039/c9ta09434b

Spectrally narrow exciton luminescence from monolayer MoS ₂ and MoSe ₂ exfoliated onto epitaxially grown hexagonal BN
journal, July 2018

Courtade, E.; Han, B.; Nakhaie, S.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1063/1.5033554

Quantum-enhanced tunable spin-valley dependent excitonic second harmonic generation in molybdenum disulfide quantum dots
journal, November 2019

Fouladi-Oskouei, J.; Shojaei, S.
Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab54d8

Phonon wind and drag of excitons in monolayer semiconductors
journal, July 2019

Glazov, M. M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.045426

Charged excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: Semiclassical calculation of Berry curvature effects
journal, September 2019

Hichri, A.; Jaziri, S.; Goerbig, M. O.
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.115426

Exciton states and absorption spectra in freestanding monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides: A variationally optimized diagonalization method
journal, September 2019

Wu, Shudong; Cheng, Liwen; Wang, Qiang
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.115430

Theory of exciton dynamics in time-resolved ARPES: Intra- and intervalley scattering in two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, November 2019

Christiansen, Dominik; Selig, Malte; Malic, Ermin
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.100.205401

Coherent and incoherent coupling dynamics in a two-dimensional atomic crystal embedded in a plasmon-induced magnetic resonator
journal, January 2020

Xie, Peng; Liang, Zhengchen; Li, Zhoujun
Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.101.045403

Strain-tunable orbital, spin-orbit, and optical properties of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
text, January 2019

Zollner, Klaus; Faria Junior, Paulo E.; Fabian, Jaroslav
Universität Regensburg
DOI: 10.5283/epub.41297

Dynamics of Free and Localized Excitons in Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, February 2019

Ayari, Sabrine; Jaziri, Sihem
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 256, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201800682

Nanoscale mapping of quasiparticle band alignment
journal, July 2019

Ulstrup, Søren; Giusca, Cristina E.; Miwa, Jill A.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11253-2

Multiple parameter dynamic photoresponse microscopy for data-intensive optoelectronic measurements of van der Waals heterostructures
journal, February 2019

Arp, Trevor B.; Gabor, Nathaniel M.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 2
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Supercontinuum second harmonic generation spectroscopy of atomically thin semiconductors
journal, August 2019

Stiehm, Torsten; Schneider, Robert; Kern, Johannes
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 8
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Geometric band properties in strained monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides using simple band structures
journal, September 2019

Aas, Shahnaz; Bulutay, Ceyhun
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.5115093

Dielectric impact on exciton binding energy and quasiparticle bandgap in monolayer WS ₂ and WSe ₂
journal, March 2019

Hsu, Wei-Ting; Quan, Jiamin; Wang, Chun-Yuan
2D Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ab072a

Excitonic magneto-optical Kerr effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides induced by spin proximity
journal, January 2020

Henriques, J. C. G.; Catarina, G.; Costa, A. T.
Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4
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Observation of exciton-phonon coupling in ${MoSe}_{2}$ monolayers
journal, July 2018

Shree, S.; Semina, M.; Robert, C.
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.98.035302

Scalable photonic sources using two-dimensional lead halide perovskite superlattices
text, January 2020

Jagielski, Jakub; Solari, Simon F.; Jordan, Lucie
ETH Zurich
DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000396545

Excitonic Emission in van der Waals Nanotubes of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, February 2019

Shubina, Tatiana V.; Remškar, Maja; Davydov, Valery Yu.
Annalen der Physik, Vol. 531, Issue 6
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Emerging photoluminescence from the dark-exciton phonon replica in monolayer WSe2
journal, June 2019

Li, Zhipeng; Wang, Tianmeng; Jin, Chenhao
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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When bright and dark bind together
journal, September 2018

Robert, Cedric
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0281-1

The influence of disorder on the exciton spectra in two-dimensional structures
journal, January 2019

Kirichenko, E. V.; Stephanovich, V. A.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 39
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Comprehensive understanding of intrinsic mobility in the monolayers of III–VI group 2D materials
journal, January 2019

Chen, Jianhui; Tan, Xiaolin; Lin, Peng
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 39
DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04407h

Mie excitons: Understanding strong coupling in dielectric nanoparticles
journal, October 2018

Tserkezis, C.; Gonçalves, P. A. D.; Wolff, C.
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.98.155439

Probing and Manipulating Valley Coherence of Dark Excitons in Monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$
journal, August 2019

Molas, M. R.; Slobodeniuk, A. O.; Kazimierczuk, T.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.096803

Exciton States in Monolayer ${MoSe}_{2}$ and ${MoTe}_{2}$ Probed by Upconversion Spectroscopy
journal, September 2018

Han, B.; Robert, C.; Courtade, E.
Physical Review X, Vol. 8, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.8.031073

Enhancing functionalities of atomically thin semiconductors with plasmonic nanostructures
journal, March 2019

Cotrufo, Michele; Sun, Liuyang; Choi, Junho
Nanophotonics, Vol. 8, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2018-0185

Complexes of dipolar excitons in layered quasi-two-dimensional nanostructures
text, January 2017

Bondarev, Igor V.; Vladimirova, Maria R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1712.10312

Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling
text, January 2018

Schneider, Christian; Glazov, Mikhail M.; Korn, Tobias
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1804.06771

Observation of bosonic condensation in a hybrid monolayer MoSe2-GaAs microcavity
text, January 2018

Waldherr, Max; Lundt, Nils; Klaas, Martin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.03630

Tuning carrier concentration in a superacid treated MoS$_2$ monolayer
text, January 2018

Molas, Maciej R.; Gołasa, Katarzyna; Bala, Łukasz
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1809.08445

Valley polarization of exciton-polaritons in monolayer WSe2 in a tunable microcavity
text, January 2018

Król, M.; Lekenta, K.; Mirek, R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1809.09571

Multiple Parameter Dynamic Photoresponse Microscopy for data-intensive optoelectronic measurements of van der Waals heterostructures
text, January 2018

Arp, Trevor B.; Gabor, Nathaniel M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1812.03232

Optical valley Hall effect for highly valley-coherent exciton-polaritons in an atomically thin semiconductor
text, January 2019

Lundt, Nils; Dusanowski, Lukasz; Sedov, Evgeny
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.07620

Optical fingerprint of bright and dark localized excitonic states in atomically thin 2D materials
text, January 2019

Feierabend, Maja; Brem, Samuel; Malic, Ermin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1908.05071

Diabatic Hamiltonian Construction in van der Waals heterostructure complexes
preprint, January 2019

Xie, Yu; Sun, Huijuan; Zheng, Qijing
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.05213

Excitons in Phosphorene: A Semi-Analytical Perturbative Approach
text, January 2019

Henriques, J. C. G.; Peres, N. M. R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1910.10820

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Ultrafast dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures

Journal Article Jin, Chenhao ; Ma, Eric Yue ; Karni, Ouri ; ... - Nature Nanotechnology

Van der Waals heterostructures are synthetic quantum materials composed of stacks of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layers. Because the electrons in the atomically thin 2D layers are exposed to layer-to-layer coupling, the properties of van der Waals heterostructures are defined not only by the constituent monolayers, but also by the interactions between the layers. Many fascinating electrical, optical and magnetic properties have recently been reported in different types of van der Waals heterostructures. In this Review, we focus on unique excited-state dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures. TMDC monolayers are the most widely studied 2D semiconductors, featuring prominent excitonmore »« less
Cited by 40
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0298-5

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Momentum-Dark Intervalley Exciton in Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Brightened via Chiral Phonon

Journal Article Li, Zhipeng ; Wang, Tianmeng ; Jin, Chenhao ; ... - ACS Nano

Inversion symmetry breaking and 3-fold rotation symmetry grant the valley degree of freedom to the robust exciton in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, which can be exploited for valleytronics applications. However, the short lifetime of the exciton significantly constrains the possible applications. In contrast, the dark exciton could be long-lived but does not necessarily possess the valley degree of freedom. In this work, we report the identification of the momentum-dark, intervalley exciton in monolayer WSe₂ through low-temperature magneto-photoluminescence spectra. Interestingly, the intervalley exciton is brightened through the emission of a chiral phonon at the corners of the Brillouin zone (K point), andmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b06682

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Title: Colloquium: Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

Citation Formats

The Optical Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes Arise from Excitons journal, May 2005

Analytical approach to excitonic properties of MoS 2 journal, March 2014

Dark excitons and the elusive valley polarization in transition metal dichalcogenides journal, February 2017

Breaking of Valley Degeneracy by Magnetic Field in Monolayer MoSe 2 journal, January 2015

Valley dynamics probed through charged and neutral exciton emission in monolayer WSe 2 journal, August 2014

Exciton formation rates in GaAs/ Al x Ga 1 − x As quantum wells journal, January 1997

Chemical Vapor Sensing with Monolayer MoS2 journal, January 2013

Effects of environmental and exciton screening in single-walled carbon nanotubes journal, October 2008

Exciton-exciton annihilation in MoSe 2 monolayers journal, March 2014

Optical polarization and intervalley scattering in single layers of MoS2 and MoSe2 journal, April 2016

Why all the fuss about 2D semiconductors? journal, March 2016

Valley-polarized exciton dynamics in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure journal, February 2016

Direct measurement of exciton valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 journal, February 2016

Fundamental limits of exciton-exciton annihilation for light emission in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers journal, May 2016

Exciton states in monolayer MoSe 2 : impact on interband transitions journal, November 2015

k · p theory for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors journal, April 2015

Anomalous Light Cones and Valley Optical Selection Rules of Interlayer Excitons in Twisted Heterobilayers journal, October 2015

Atomically Thin MoS2 A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor journal, September 2010

Determination of the Exciton Formation in Quantum Wells from Time-Resolved Interband Luminescence journal, September 2004

Long-lived nanosecond spin relaxation and spin coherence of electrons in monolayer MoS2 and WS2 journal, August 2015

Theory of intervalley Coulomb interactions in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, August 2016

Ultrafast Coulomb-Induced Intervalley Coupling in Atomically Thin WS 2 journal, April 2016

Thickness and strain effects on electronic structures of transition metal dichalcogenides: 2H- M X 2 semiconductors ( M = Mo, W; X = S, Se, Te) journal, January 2012

Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor journal, February 2013

Van der Waals engineering of ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures for spin and valleytronics journal, May 2017

Excitonic linewidth and coherence lifetime in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, November 2016

Microscopic theory of optical excitations, photoluminescence, and terahertz response in semiconductors journal, August 2005

Quasi-two-dimensional excitons in (Zn,Cd)Se/ZnSe quantum wells: Reduced exciton–LO-phonon coupling due to confinement effects journal, March 1992

Spin-Orbit Coupling, Quantum Dots, and Qubits in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides journal, March 2014

Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor journal, August 2014

Enabling valley selective exciton scattering in monolayer WSe2 through upconversion journal, April 2017

Probing the Influence of Dielectric Environment on Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2 : Insight from High Magnetic Fields journal, October 2016

Laser-Induced Exciton Splitting journal, January 1989

Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide journal, May 2013

Experimental Evidence for Dark Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2 journal, December 2015

Transient nonlinear optical response from excitation induced dephasing in GaAs journal, August 1993

Approaching the intrinsic photoluminescence linewidth in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers journal, July 2017

Longitudinal and Transverse Excitons in Semiconductors journal, March 1973

Exciton dynamics in GaAs quantum wells under resonant excitation journal, October 1994

Multiple temperature regimes of radiative decay in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots: Intrinsic limits to the dark-exciton lifetime journal, April 2003

Integrated Circuits Based on Bilayer MoS2 Transistors journal, January 2012

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films journal, October 2004

Spin and valley dynamics of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: Spin and valley dynamics of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers journal, October 2015

Spin Coherence and Dephasing of Localized Electrons in Monolayer MoS 2 journal, November 2015

Unified Description of the Optical Phonon Modes in N -Layer MoTe 2 journal, September 2015

High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures journal, July 2014

Electrically Tunable Valley-Light Emitting Diode (vLED) Based on CVD-Grown Monolayer WS 2 journal, February 2016

Disorder-dependent valley properties in monolayer WS e 2 journal, July 2017

Fine structure of localized exciton levels in quantum wells journal, February 1998

Polarization analysis of excitons in monolayer and bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2015

Light-Matter Interactions in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dominant Excitonic Transitions in Mono- and Few-Layer MoX$_2$ and Band Nesting journal, January 2017

Coherent Electronic Coupling in Atomically Thin MoSe 2 journal, May 2014

Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities journal, October 2015

Electrically Switchable Chiral Light-Emitting Transistor journal, April 2014

Exciton valley dynamics probed by Kerr rotation in WSe 2 monolayers journal, October 2014

Ultrafast Band Structure Control of a Two-Dimensional Heterostructure journal, May 2016

Valley excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors journal, December 2014

Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2 journal, December 2012

Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS2 journal, June 2013

Interband Optical Transitions in Extremely Anisotropic Semiconductors. I. Bound and Unbound Exciton Absorption journal, October 1966

Excitons in van der Waals heterostructures: The important role of dielectric screening journal, December 2015

Electronic band gaps and exciton binding energies in monolayer M o x W 1 − x S 2 transition metal dichalcogenide alloys probed by scanning tunneling and optical spectroscopy journal, August 2016

Observation of biexcitons in monolayer WSe2 journal, May 2015

Valleytronics in 2D materials journal, August 2016

Single-layer MoS2 transistors journal, January 2011

Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2 journal, January 2015

Quasiparticle band structures and optical properties of strained monolayer MoS 2 and WS 2 journal, April 2013

Enhanced valley splitting in monolayer WSe2 due to magnetic exchange field journal, May 2017

Quasiparticle band structure calculation of monolayer, bilayer, and bulk MoS 2 journal, May 2012

Valley depolarization due to intervalley and intravalley electron-hole exchange interactions in monolayer MoS 2 journal, May 2014

Probing dark excitons in atomically thin semiconductors via near-field coupling to surface plasmon polaritons journal, June 2017

Radiatively Limited Dephasing and Exciton Dynamics in MoSe 2 Monolayers Revealed with Four-Wave Mixing Microscopy journal, August 2016

Probing the Role of Interlayer Coupling and Coulomb Interactions on Electronic Structure in Few-Layer MoSe 2 Nanostructures journal, March 2015

Valley filter and valley valve in graphene journal, February 2007

Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene journal, March 2013

Magnetic brightening and control of dark excitons in monolayer WSe2 journal, June 2017

Phonon and Raman scattering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides from monolayer, multilayer to bulk material journal, January 2015

The Optical Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes Arise from Excitons
journal, May 2005

Analytical approach to excitonic properties of MoS $_{2}$
journal, March 2014

Dark excitons and the elusive valley polarization in transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, February 2017

Breaking of Valley Degeneracy by Magnetic Field in Monolayer ${MoSe}_{2}$
journal, January 2015

Valley dynamics probed through charged and neutral exciton emission in monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$
journal, August 2014

Exciton formation rates in GaAs/ ${Al}_{x}$ ${Ga}_{1 - x}$ As quantum wells
journal, January 1997

Chemical Vapor Sensing with Monolayer MoS₂
journal, January 2013

Effects of environmental and exciton screening in single-walled carbon nanotubes
journal, October 2008

Exciton-exciton annihilation in MoSe $_{2}$ monolayers
journal, March 2014

Optical polarization and intervalley scattering in single layers of MoS2 and MoSe2
journal, April 2016

Why all the fuss about 2D semiconductors?
journal, March 2016

Valley-polarized exciton dynamics in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure
journal, February 2016

Direct measurement of exciton valley coherence in monolayer WSe2
journal, February 2016

Fundamental limits of exciton-exciton annihilation for light emission in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
journal, May 2016

Exciton states in monolayer MoSe ₂ : impact on interband transitions
journal, November 2015

k · p theory for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors
journal, April 2015

Anomalous Light Cones and Valley Optical Selection Rules of Interlayer Excitons in Twisted Heterobilayers
journal, October 2015

Atomically Thin ${MoS}_{2}$ A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
journal, September 2010

Determination of the Exciton Formation in Quantum Wells from Time-Resolved Interband Luminescence
journal, September 2004

Long-lived nanosecond spin relaxation and spin coherence of electrons in monolayer MoS2 and WS2
journal, August 2015

Theory of intervalley Coulomb interactions in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, August 2016

Ultrafast Coulomb-Induced Intervalley Coupling in Atomically Thin WS ₂
journal, April 2016

Thickness and strain effects on electronic structures of transition metal dichalcogenides: 2H- $M X_{2}$ semiconductors ( $M$ $=$ Mo, W; $X$ $=$ S, Se, Te)
journal, January 2012

Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor
journal, February 2013

Van der Waals engineering of ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures for spin and valleytronics
journal, May 2017

Excitonic linewidth and coherence lifetime in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, November 2016

Microscopic theory of optical excitations, photoluminescence, and terahertz response in semiconductors
journal, August 2005

Quasi-two-dimensional excitons in (Zn,Cd)Se/ZnSe quantum wells: Reduced exciton–LO-phonon coupling due to confinement effects
journal, March 1992

Spin-Orbit Coupling, Quantum Dots, and Qubits in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, March 2014

Giant bandgap renormalization and excitonic effects in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor
journal, August 2014

Enabling valley selective exciton scattering in monolayer WSe2 through upconversion
journal, April 2017

Probing the Influence of Dielectric Environment on Excitons in Monolayer WSe ₂ : Insight from High Magnetic Fields
journal, October 2016

Laser-Induced Exciton Splitting
journal, January 1989

Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide
journal, May 2013

Experimental Evidence for Dark Excitons in Monolayer ${WSe}_{2}$
journal, December 2015

Transient nonlinear optical response from excitation induced dephasing in GaAs
journal, August 1993

Approaching the intrinsic photoluminescence linewidth in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
journal, July 2017

Longitudinal and Transverse Excitons in Semiconductors
journal, March 1973

Exciton dynamics in GaAs quantum wells under resonant excitation
journal, October 1994

Multiple temperature regimes of radiative decay in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots: Intrinsic limits to the dark-exciton lifetime
journal, April 2003

Integrated Circuits Based on Bilayer MoS₂ Transistors
journal, January 2012

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
journal, October 2004

Spin and valley dynamics of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: Spin and valley dynamics of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
journal, October 2015

Spin Coherence and Dephasing of Localized Electrons in Monolayer MoS ₂
journal, November 2015

Unified Description of the Optical Phonon Modes in N -Layer MoTe ₂
journal, September 2015

High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
journal, July 2014

Electrically Tunable Valley-Light Emitting Diode (vLED) Based on CVD-Grown Monolayer WS ₂
journal, February 2016

Disorder-dependent valley properties in monolayer $WS e_{2}$
journal, July 2017

Fine structure of localized exciton levels in quantum wells
journal, February 1998

Polarization analysis of excitons in monolayer and bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2015

Light-Matter Interactions in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dominant Excitonic Transitions in Mono- and Few-Layer MoX$_2$ and Band Nesting
journal, January 2017

Coherent Electronic Coupling in Atomically Thin ${MoSe}_{2}$
journal, May 2014

Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities
journal, October 2015

Electrically Switchable Chiral Light-Emitting Transistor
journal, April 2014

Exciton valley dynamics probed by Kerr rotation in ${WSe}_{2}$ monolayers
journal, October 2014

Ultrafast Band Structure Control of a Two-Dimensional Heterostructure
journal, May 2016

Valley excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, December 2014

Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2
journal, December 2012

Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS2
journal, June 2013

Interband Optical Transitions in Extremely Anisotropic Semiconductors. I. Bound and Unbound Exciton Absorption
journal, October 1966

Excitons in van der Waals heterostructures: The important role of dielectric screening
journal, December 2015

Electronic band gaps and exciton binding energies in monolayer $M o_{x} W_{1 − x} S_{2}$ transition metal dichalcogenide alloys probed by scanning tunneling and optical spectroscopy
journal, August 2016

Observation of biexcitons in monolayer WSe2
journal, May 2015

Valleytronics in 2D materials
journal, August 2016

Single-layer MoS₂ transistors
journal, January 2011

Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2
journal, January 2015

Quasiparticle band structures and optical properties of strained monolayer MoS $_{2}$ and WS $_{2}$
journal, April 2013

Enhanced valley splitting in monolayer WSe2 due to magnetic exchange field
journal, May 2017

Quasiparticle band structure calculation of monolayer, bilayer, and bulk MoS $_{2}$
journal, May 2012

Valley depolarization due to intervalley and intravalley electron-hole exchange interactions in monolayer ${MoS}_{2}$
journal, May 2014

Probing dark excitons in atomically thin semiconductors via near-field coupling to surface plasmon polaritons
journal, June 2017

Radiatively Limited Dephasing and Exciton Dynamics in MoSe ₂ Monolayers Revealed with Four-Wave Mixing Microscopy
journal, August 2016

Probing the Role of Interlayer Coupling and Coulomb Interactions on Electronic Structure in Few-Layer MoSe ₂ Nanostructures
journal, March 2015

Valley filter and valley valve in graphene
journal, February 2007

Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene
journal, March 2013

Magnetic brightening and control of dark excitons in monolayer WSe2
journal, June 2017

Phonon and Raman scattering of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides from monolayer, multilayer to bulk material
journal, January 2015

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂
journal, April 2010

Growth of Large-Area and Highly Crystalline MoS₂ Thin Layers on Insulating Substrates
journal, February 2012

Theory of Two-Photon Spectroscopy in Solids
journal, June 1968