On the toughness scatter in low alloy C-Mn steel samples fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing
Abstract
Low alloy carbon manganese (C-Mn) steel builds were fabricated using a wire based additive manufacturing system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Specimens were fabricated in the X,Y and Z direction and detailed mechanical testing was performed. The mechanical testing results showed a significant scatter in tensile ductility and significant variation in Charpy toughness. Further detailed microstructure characterization showed significant microstructural heterogeneity in builds fabricated in each direction. The scatter in mechanical properties was then rationalized based on the microstructural observations and the underlying changes in the local heat transfer conditions. Lastly, the results indicate that when fabricating parts using C-Mn low alloy steel welds the process parameters and tool path should be chosen such that the cooling rate from 800 °C to 500 °C is greater than 30 s to avoid formation of martensite austenite (MA) phases, which leads to toughness reductions.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
[1];
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1435321
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 713; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0921-5093
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Steel; Additive manufacturing; Mechanical properties; Characterization
Citation Formats
Sridharan, Niyanth S., Noakes, Mark W., Nycz, Andrzej, Love, Lonnie J., Dehoff, Ryan R., and Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh. On the toughness scatter in low alloy C-Mn steel samples fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.101.
Sridharan, Niyanth S., Noakes, Mark W., Nycz, Andrzej, Love, Lonnie J., Dehoff, Ryan R., & Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh. On the toughness scatter in low alloy C-Mn steel samples fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.101
Sridharan, Niyanth S., Noakes, Mark W., Nycz, Andrzej, Love, Lonnie J., Dehoff, Ryan R., and Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh. Wed .
"On the toughness scatter in low alloy C-Mn steel samples fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.101. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1435321.
@article{osti_1435321,
title = {On the toughness scatter in low alloy C-Mn steel samples fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing},
author = {Sridharan, Niyanth S. and Noakes, Mark W. and Nycz, Andrzej and Love, Lonnie J. and Dehoff, Ryan R. and Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh},
abstractNote = {Low alloy carbon manganese (C-Mn) steel builds were fabricated using a wire based additive manufacturing system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Specimens were fabricated in the X,Y and Z direction and detailed mechanical testing was performed. The mechanical testing results showed a significant scatter in tensile ductility and significant variation in Charpy toughness. Further detailed microstructure characterization showed significant microstructural heterogeneity in builds fabricated in each direction. The scatter in mechanical properties was then rationalized based on the microstructural observations and the underlying changes in the local heat transfer conditions. Lastly, the results indicate that when fabricating parts using C-Mn low alloy steel welds the process parameters and tool path should be chosen such that the cooling rate from 800 °C to 500 °C is greater than 30 s to avoid formation of martensite austenite (MA) phases, which leads to toughness reductions.},
doi = {10.1016/j.msea.2017.11.101},
journal = {Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing},
number = C,
volume = 713,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Wed Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 39 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms
journal, May 2012
- Gu, D. D.; Meiners, W.; Wissenbach, K.
- International Materials Reviews, Vol. 57, Issue 3, p. 133-164
Wire-feed additive manufacturing of metal components: technologies, developments and future interests
journal, May 2015
- Ding, Donghong; Pan, Zengxi; Cuiuri, Dominic
- The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 81, Issue 1-4
Additive manufacturing of materials: Opportunities and challenges
journal, November 2015
- Babu, S. S.; Love, L.; Dehoff, R.
- MRS Bulletin, Vol. 40, Issue 12
Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review
journal, April 2014
- Frazier, William E.
- Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, Vol. 23, Issue 6
Microstructure and residual stress improvement in wire and arc additively manufactured parts through high-pressure rolling
journal, October 2013
- Colegrove, Paul A.; Coules, Harry E.; Fairman, Julian
- Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 213, Issue 10
Residual stresses in LENS-deposited AISI 410 stainless steel plates
journal, November 2008
- Wang, Liang; Felicelli, Sergio D.; Pratt, Phillip
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 496, Issue 1-2
Effect of microstructural heterogeneities on scatter of toughness in multi-pass weld metal of C–Mn steels
journal, February 2014
- Song, H. Y.; Evans, G. M.; Babu, S. S.
- Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Weld Metal Toughness: Sources of Variation
conference, April 2011
- Quintana, Marie A.; Babu, S. S.; Major, Jeff
- 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference, Volume 2
Effect of reheating on microstructure and toughness of C–Mn weld metal
journal, February 1983
- Tweed, J. H.; Knott, J. F.
- Metal Science, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Cleavage initiation in the intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone: Part I. Fractographic evidence
journal, March 1994
- Davis, C. L.; King, J. E.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 25, Issue 3
A model for the development of microstructure in low-alloy steel (Fe-Mn-Si-C) weld deposits
journal, July 1985
- Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Svensson, L. -E.; Gretoft, B.
- Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 33, Issue 7
Mechanism of the Transition from Bainite to Acicular Ferrite
journal, January 1991
- Babu, S. S.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.
- Materials Transactions, JIM, Vol. 32, Issue 8
Transition from bainite to acicular ferrite in reheated Fe–Cr–C weld deposits
journal, October 1990
- Babu, S. S.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 10
In pursuit of optimum welding system design for steels
journal, May 2011
- Babu, S. S.
- Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, Vol. 16, Issue 4
The mechanism of acicular ferrite in weld deposits
journal, June 2004
- Babu, Sudarsanam Suresh
- Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol. 8, Issue 3-4
The divorced eutectoid transformation in steel
journal, April 1998
- Verhoeven, J. D.; Gibson, E. D.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 29, Issue 4
Divorced pearlite in steels
journal, May 2012
- Pandit, A. S.; Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.
- Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 468, Issue 2145
Diffusional formation of ferrite in iron and its alloys
journal, January 1985
- Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.
- Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 29, Issue 4
Casting defects and the tensile properties of an AlSiMg alloy
journal, December 1996
- Cáceres, C. H.; Selling, B. I.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 220, Issue 1-2
On the effect of macroporosity on the tensile properties of the Al-7%Si-0.4%Mg casting alloy
journal, June 1995
- Cáceres, C. H.
- Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 32, Issue 11
Tensile instability and necking in materials with strain hardening and strain-rate hardening
journal, December 1977
- Ghosh, A. K.
- Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 25, Issue 12
Effects of microporosity on tensile properties of A356 aluminum alloy
journal, August 2007
- Lee, Choong Do
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 464, Issue 1-2
Microstructure and local brittle zone phenomena in high-strength low-alloy steel welds
journal, January 1991
- Kim, B. C.; Lee, S.; Kim, N. J.
- Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Structure–property relationships in intercritical heat affected zone of low-carbon microalloyed steels
journal, August 1987
- Akselsen, O. M.; Grong, Ø.; Solberg, J. K.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 8
Effect of cooling rate on intercritically reheated microstructure and toughness in high strength low alloy steel
journal, January 1993
- Davis, C. L.; King, J. E.
- Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Works referencing / citing this record:
Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing
journal, February 2019
- Shassere, Benjamin; Nycz, Andrzej; Noakes, Mark
- Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a low-carbon low-alloy steel produced by wire arc additive manufacturing
journal, October 2019
- Rafieazad, Mehran; Ghaffari, Mahya; Vahedi Nemani, Alireza
- The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 105, Issue 5-6
The Hardness of Additively Manufactured Alloys
journal, October 2018
- Zuback, J. S.; DebRoy, T.
- Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11
The Hardness of Additively Manufactured Alloys
journal, October 2018
- Zuback, J. S.; DebRoy, T.
- Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11