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Title: Ground motion response to an ML 4.3 earthquake using co-located distributed acoustic sensing and seismometer arrays

Abstract

The PoroTomo research team deployed two arrays of seismic sensors in a natural laboratory at Brady Hot Springs, Nevada in March 2016. The 1500 m (length) by 500 m (width) by 400 m (depth) volume of the laboratory overlies a geothermal reservoir. The surface Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) array consisted of 8700 m of fiber-optic cable in a shallow trench, including 340 m in a well. The conventional seismometer array consisted of 238 three- component geophones. The DAS cable was laid out in three parallel zig-zag lines with line segments approximately 100 meters in length and geophones were spaced at approximately 60- meter intervals. Both DAS and conventional geophones recorded continuously over 15 days during which a moderate-sized earthquake with a local magnitude of 4.3 was recorded on March 21, 2016. Its epicenter was approximately 150-km south-southeast of the laboratory. Several DAS line segments with co-located geophone stations were used to compare signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios in both time and frequency domains and to test relationships between DAS and geophone data. The ratios were typically within a factor of five of each other with DAS SNR often greater for P-wave but smaller for S-wave relative to geophone SNR. The SNRs measuredmore » for an earthquake can be better than for active sources, because the earthquake signal contains more low frequency energy and the noise level is also lower at those lower frequencies. Amplitudes of the sum of several DAS strain-rate waveforms matched the finite difference of two geophone waveforms reasonably well, as did the amplitudes of DAS strain waveforms with particle-velocity waveforms recorded by geophones. Similar agreement was found between DAS and geophone observations and synthetic strain seismograms. In conclusion, the combination of good SNR in the seismic frequency band, high-spatial density, large N, and highly accurate time control among individual sensors suggests that DAS arrays have potential to assume a role in earthquake seismology.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
  2. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan (China)
  3. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  4. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Geothermal Technologies Office; Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States); Univ. of Texas, El Paso, TX (United States); Silixa Ltd., Hertfordshire (United Kingdom); Ormat Technologies Inc., Reno, NV (United States); Chinese Academy of Sciences
OSTI Identifier:
1514806
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1429250
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-745280
Journal ID: ISSN 0956-540X; 900592
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; EE0006760; AC52-07NA27344R
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Geophysical Journal International
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 213; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0956-540X
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY; Instrumentation; Seismic array; Seismic spectra; Seismograms; P waves; S waves; 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS); ground motion; strain; particle velocity; 60 signal-to-noise ratio; earthquake seismology

Citation Formats

Wang, Herbert F., Zeng, Xiangfang, Miller, Douglas E., Fratta, Dante, Feigl, Kurt L., Thurber, Clifford H., and Mellors, Robert J. Ground motion response to an ML 4.3 earthquake using co-located distributed acoustic sensing and seismometer arrays. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1093/gji/ggy102.
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Wang, Herbert F., Zeng, Xiangfang, Miller, Douglas E., Fratta, Dante, Feigl, Kurt L., Thurber, Clifford H., & Mellors, Robert J. Ground motion response to an ML 4.3 earthquake using co-located distributed acoustic sensing and seismometer arrays. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy102
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Wang, Herbert F., Zeng, Xiangfang, Miller, Douglas E., Fratta, Dante, Feigl, Kurt L., Thurber, Clifford H., and Mellors, Robert J. Sat . "Ground motion response to an ML 4.3 earthquake using co-located distributed acoustic sensing and seismometer arrays". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy102. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1514806.
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@article{osti_1514806,
title = {Ground motion response to an ML 4.3 earthquake using co-located distributed acoustic sensing and seismometer arrays},
author = {Wang, Herbert F. and Zeng, Xiangfang and Miller, Douglas E. and Fratta, Dante and Feigl, Kurt L. and Thurber, Clifford H. and Mellors, Robert J.},
abstractNote = {The PoroTomo research team deployed two arrays of seismic sensors in a natural laboratory at Brady Hot Springs, Nevada in March 2016. The 1500 m (length) by 500 m (width) by 400 m (depth) volume of the laboratory overlies a geothermal reservoir. The surface Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) array consisted of 8700 m of fiber-optic cable in a shallow trench, including 340 m in a well. The conventional seismometer array consisted of 238 three- component geophones. The DAS cable was laid out in three parallel zig-zag lines with line segments approximately 100 meters in length and geophones were spaced at approximately 60- meter intervals. Both DAS and conventional geophones recorded continuously over 15 days during which a moderate-sized earthquake with a local magnitude of 4.3 was recorded on March 21, 2016. Its epicenter was approximately 150-km south-southeast of the laboratory. Several DAS line segments with co-located geophone stations were used to compare signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios in both time and frequency domains and to test relationships between DAS and geophone data. The ratios were typically within a factor of five of each other with DAS SNR often greater for P-wave but smaller for S-wave relative to geophone SNR. The SNRs measured for an earthquake can be better than for active sources, because the earthquake signal contains more low frequency energy and the noise level is also lower at those lower frequencies. Amplitudes of the sum of several DAS strain-rate waveforms matched the finite difference of two geophone waveforms reasonably well, as did the amplitudes of DAS strain waveforms with particle-velocity waveforms recorded by geophones. Similar agreement was found between DAS and geophone observations and synthetic strain seismograms. In conclusion, the combination of good SNR in the seismic frequency band, high-spatial density, large N, and highly accurate time control among individual sensors suggests that DAS arrays have potential to assume a role in earthquake seismology.},
doi = {10.1093/gji/ggy102},
journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
number = 3,
volume = 213,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Mar 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Sat Mar 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy102
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 71 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: PoroTomo natural laboratory and DAS cable layout at Brady Hot Springs. The boundaries of the natural laboratory are shown as a grey rectangle. The surface DAS cable is shown by the blue line and geophones are denoted with crosses. The injection, production, and observation wells are indicated withmore » red, blue, and green solid circles, respectively. A 340-m long DAS cable was installed in Well 56-1. Highway I-80 and service road are denoted with solid and dashed green lines, respectively.« less
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Works referenced in this record:

Dual wavefields from distributed acoustic sensing measurements
journal, November 2016

Subsurface Imaging Using Buried DAS and Geophone Arrays - Preliminary Results from CO2CRC Otway Project
conference, May 2016

Properties of Noise Cross‐Correlation Functions Obtained from a Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array at Garner Valley, California
journal, January 2017

  • Zeng, Xiangfang; Lancelle, Chelsea; Thurber, Clifford
  • Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 107, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1785/0120160168

Simultaneous Multiwell VSP in the North Sea Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
conference, January 2013

  • Madsen, K. N.; Dümmong, S.; Kritski, A.
  • 75th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013, Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.20130431

The CO2CRC Otway Project deployment of a Distributed Acoustic Sensing Network Coupled with Permanent Rotary Sources
conference, May 2016

Field testing of fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for subsurface seismic monitoring
journal, June 2013

  • Daley, Thomas M.; Freifeld, Barry M.; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan
  • The Leading Edge, Vol. 32, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1190/tle32060699.1

The use of instantaneous polarization attributes for seismic signal detection and image enhancement
journal, November 2003

An Experimental Investigation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) on Lake Ice
journal, June 2017

  • Castongia, Ethan; Wang, Herb F.; Lord, Neal
  • Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, Vol. 22, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.2113/jeeg22.2.167

Distributed Acoustic Sensing - A New Way of Listening to Your Well/Reservoir
conference, April 2013

  • Johannessen, Kjetil; Drakeley, Brian Keith; Farhadiroushan, Mahmoud
  • SPE Intelligent Energy International
  • DOI: 10.2118/149602-MS

Fiber-Optic Network Observations of Earthquake Wavefields: FIBER-OPTIC EARTHQUAKE OBSERVATIONS
journal, December 2017

  • Lindsey, Nathaniel J.; Martin, Eileen R.; Dreger, Douglas S.
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 23
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Determination of local phase velocity by intercomparison of seismograms from strain and pendulum instruments
journal, February 1964

Long-period regional wave moment tensor inversion for earthquakes in the western United States
journal, June 1995

  • Ritsema, Jeroen; Lay, Thorne
  • Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 100, Issue B6
  • DOI: 10.1029/95JB00238
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Seismic Velocity Estimation Using Passive Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Records: Examples From the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth
    journal, July 2019

    • Lellouch, A.; Yuan, S.; Spica, Z.
    • Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 124, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1029/2019jb017533

    Pushing the limit of earthquake detection with distributed acoustic sensing and template matching: a case study at the Brady geothermal field
    journal, September 2018

    • Li, Zefeng; Zhan, Zhongwen
    • Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 215, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggy359

    Distributed sensing of microseisms and teleseisms with submarine dark fibers
    journal, December 2019

    • Williams, Ethan F.; Fernández-Ruiz, María R.; Magalhaes, Regina
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13262-7
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