In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO 2
Abstract
Conversion-type electrodes represent a broad class of materials with a new Li+ reactivity concept. Of these materials, RuO2 can be considered a model material due to its metallic-like conductivity and its high theoretical capacity of 806 mAh/g. In this study, we use in situ transmission electron microscopy to study the reaction between single-crystal RuO2 nanowires and Li+. We show that a large volume expansion of 95% occurs after lithiation, 26% of which is irreversible after delithiation. Significant surface roughening and lithium embrittlement are also present. Furthermore, we show that the initial reaction from crystalline RuO2 to the fully lithiated mixed phase of Ru/Li2O is not fully reversible, passing through an intermediate phase of LixRuO2. In subsequent cycles, the phase transitions are between amorphous RuO2 in the delithiated state and a nanostructured network of Ru/Li2O in the fully lithiated phase.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering and Inst. for Systems Research
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); L3 Technologies, New York City, NY (United States)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1426912
- Report Number(s):
- SAND2013-4391J
Journal ID: ISSN 1936-0851; 519480
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; SC0001160
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Nano
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1936-0851
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; conversion electrode; energy storage; in situ transmission electron microscopy; ruthenium dioxide
Citation Formats
Gregorczyk, Keith E., Liu, Yang, Sullivan, John P., and Rubloff, Gary W. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO 2. United States: N. p., 2013.
Web. doi:10.1021/nn402451s.
Gregorczyk, Keith E., Liu, Yang, Sullivan, John P., & Rubloff, Gary W. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO 2. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn402451s
Gregorczyk, Keith E., Liu, Yang, Sullivan, John P., and Rubloff, Gary W. Thu .
"In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO 2". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn402451s. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426912.
@article{osti_1426912,
title = {In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO 2},
author = {Gregorczyk, Keith E. and Liu, Yang and Sullivan, John P. and Rubloff, Gary W.},
abstractNote = {Conversion-type electrodes represent a broad class of materials with a new Li+ reactivity concept. Of these materials, RuO2 can be considered a model material due to its metallic-like conductivity and its high theoretical capacity of 806 mAh/g. In this study, we use in situ transmission electron microscopy to study the reaction between single-crystal RuO2 nanowires and Li+. We show that a large volume expansion of 95% occurs after lithiation, 26% of which is irreversible after delithiation. Significant surface roughening and lithium embrittlement are also present. Furthermore, we show that the initial reaction from crystalline RuO2 to the fully lithiated mixed phase of Ru/Li2O is not fully reversible, passing through an intermediate phase of LixRuO2. In subsequent cycles, the phase transitions are between amorphous RuO2 in the delithiated state and a nanostructured network of Ru/Li2O in the fully lithiated phase.},
doi = {10.1021/nn402451s},
journal = {ACS Nano},
number = 7,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2013},
month = {Thu Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2013}
}
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