Work Function Variations in Twisted Graphene Layers
Abstract
By combining optical imaging, Raman spectroscopy, kelvin probe force microscopy (KFPM), and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), we show that graphene’s layer orientation, as well as layer thickness, measurably changes the surface potential (Φ). Detailed mapping of variable-thickness, rotationally-faulted graphene films allows us to correlate Φ with specific morphological features. Using KPFM and PEEM we measure ΔΦ up to 39 mV for layers with different twist angles, while ΔΦ ranges from 36–129 mV for different layer thicknesses. The surface potential between different twist angles or layer thicknesses is measured at the KPFM instrument resolution of ≤ 200 nm. The PEEM measured work function of 4.4 eV for graphene is consistent with doping levels on the order of 1012cm-2. Here, we find that Φ scales linearly with Raman G-peak wavenumber shift (slope = 22.2 mV/cm-1) for all layers and twist angles, which is consistent with doping-dependent changes to graphene’s Fermi energy in the ‘high’ doping limit. Our results here emphasize that layer orientation is equally important as layer thickness when designing multilayer two-dimensional systems where surface potential is considered.
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States). Electronics Science and Technology Division
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1426807
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2018-1772J
Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322; 660738
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Robinson, Jeremy T., Culbertson, James, Berg, Morgann, and Ohta, Taisuke. Work Function Variations in Twisted Graphene Layers. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19631-4.
Robinson, Jeremy T., Culbertson, James, Berg, Morgann, & Ohta, Taisuke. Work Function Variations in Twisted Graphene Layers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19631-4
Robinson, Jeremy T., Culbertson, James, Berg, Morgann, and Ohta, Taisuke. Wed .
"Work Function Variations in Twisted Graphene Layers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19631-4. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426807.
@article{osti_1426807,
title = {Work Function Variations in Twisted Graphene Layers},
author = {Robinson, Jeremy T. and Culbertson, James and Berg, Morgann and Ohta, Taisuke},
abstractNote = {By combining optical imaging, Raman spectroscopy, kelvin probe force microscopy (KFPM), and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), we show that graphene’s layer orientation, as well as layer thickness, measurably changes the surface potential (Φ). Detailed mapping of variable-thickness, rotationally-faulted graphene films allows us to correlate Φ with specific morphological features. Using KPFM and PEEM we measure ΔΦ up to 39 mV for layers with different twist angles, while ΔΦ ranges from 36–129 mV for different layer thicknesses. The surface potential between different twist angles or layer thicknesses is measured at the KPFM instrument resolution of ≤ 200 nm. The PEEM measured work function of 4.4 eV for graphene is consistent with doping levels on the order of 1012cm-2. Here, we find that Φ scales linearly with Raman G-peak wavenumber shift (slope = 22.2 mV/cm-1) for all layers and twist angles, which is consistent with doping-dependent changes to graphene’s Fermi energy in the ‘high’ doping limit. Our results here emphasize that layer orientation is equally important as layer thickness when designing multilayer two-dimensional systems where surface potential is considered.},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-19631-4},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
number = 1,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Wed Jan 31 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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