DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Multidimensional Cyclic Voltammetry Simulations of Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with a Conducting Nanorod Scaffold

Abstract

This paper aims to understand the effect of nanoarchitecture on the performance of pseudocapacitive electrodes consisting of conducting scaffold coated with pseudocapacitive material. To do so, two-dimensional numerical simulations of ordered conducting nanorods coated with a thin film of pseudocapacitive material were performed. The simulations reproduced three-electrode cyclic voltammetry measurements based on a continuum model derived from first principles. Two empirical approaches commonly used experimentally to characterize the contributions of surface-controlled and diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanisms to the total current density with respect to scan rate were theoretically validated for the first time. Moreover, the areal capacitive capacitance, attributed to EDL formation, remained constant and independent of electrode dimensions, at low scan rates. However, at high scan rates, it decreased with decreasing conducting nanorod radius and increasing pseudocapacitive layer thickness due to resistive losses. By contrast, the gravimetric faradaic capacitance, due to reversible faradaic reactions, decreased continuously with increasing scan rate and pseudocapacitive layer thickness but was independent of conducting nanorod radius. Note that the total gravimetric capacitance predicted numerically featured values comparable to experimental measurements. Finally, an optimum pseudocapacitive layer thickness that maximizes total areal capacitance was identified as a function of scan rate and confirmed by scaling analysis.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dept.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Molecularly Engineered Energy Materials (MEEM); Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1426205
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001342
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 164; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651
Publisher:
The Electrochemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
42 ENGINEERING

Citation Formats

Mei, Bing-Ang, Li, Bin, Lin, Jie, and Pilon, Laurent. Multidimensional Cyclic Voltammetry Simulations of Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with a Conducting Nanorod Scaffold. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1149/2.1241713jes.
Mei, Bing-Ang, Li, Bin, Lin, Jie, & Pilon, Laurent. Multidimensional Cyclic Voltammetry Simulations of Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with a Conducting Nanorod Scaffold. United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1241713jes
Mei, Bing-Ang, Li, Bin, Lin, Jie, and Pilon, Laurent. Fri . "Multidimensional Cyclic Voltammetry Simulations of Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with a Conducting Nanorod Scaffold". United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1241713jes. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426205.
@article{osti_1426205,
title = {Multidimensional Cyclic Voltammetry Simulations of Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with a Conducting Nanorod Scaffold},
author = {Mei, Bing-Ang and Li, Bin and Lin, Jie and Pilon, Laurent},
abstractNote = {This paper aims to understand the effect of nanoarchitecture on the performance of pseudocapacitive electrodes consisting of conducting scaffold coated with pseudocapacitive material. To do so, two-dimensional numerical simulations of ordered conducting nanorods coated with a thin film of pseudocapacitive material were performed. The simulations reproduced three-electrode cyclic voltammetry measurements based on a continuum model derived from first principles. Two empirical approaches commonly used experimentally to characterize the contributions of surface-controlled and diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanisms to the total current density with respect to scan rate were theoretically validated for the first time. Moreover, the areal capacitive capacitance, attributed to EDL formation, remained constant and independent of electrode dimensions, at low scan rates. However, at high scan rates, it decreased with decreasing conducting nanorod radius and increasing pseudocapacitive layer thickness due to resistive losses. By contrast, the gravimetric faradaic capacitance, due to reversible faradaic reactions, decreased continuously with increasing scan rate and pseudocapacitive layer thickness but was independent of conducting nanorod radius. Note that the total gravimetric capacitance predicted numerically featured values comparable to experimental measurements. Finally, an optimum pseudocapacitive layer thickness that maximizes total areal capacitance was identified as a function of scan rate and confirmed by scaling analysis.},
doi = {10.1149/2.1241713jes},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
number = 13,
volume = 164,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 15 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Pseudocapacitive characteristic of lithium ion storage in hydrogen titanate nanotubes
journal, February 2006


Advanced Hybrid Supercapacitor Based on a Mesoporous Niobium Pentoxide/Carbon as High-Performance Anode
journal, August 2014

  • Lim, Eunho; Kim, Haegyeom; Jo, Changshin
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn501972w

A Mathematical Model of an Electrochemical Capacitor with Double-Layer and Faradaic Processes
journal, January 1999

  • Lin, Chuan
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 146, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1392450

The Effect of Lithiation on the Electrochromism of Sol-Gel Derived Niobium Oxide Films
journal, January 1997

  • Maček, M.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1837951

Enhancing Faradaic Charge Storage Contribution in Hybrid Pseudocapacitors
journal, November 2015


Capacitive contribution to Li-storage in TiO2 (B) and TiO2 (anatase)
journal, January 2014


Mesoporous MoS 2 as a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Exhibiting Pseudocapacitive Li and Na-Ion Charge Storage
journal, February 2016

  • Cook, John B.; Kim, Hyung-Seok; Yan, Yan
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501937

Morphology Dependence of the Lithium Storage Capability and Rate Performance of Amorphous TiO 2 Electrodes
journal, December 2010

  • Lin, Yong-Mao; Abel, Paul R.; Flaherty, David W.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp110474y

Incorporation of MnO 2 -Coated Carbon Nanotubes between Graphene Sheets as Supercapacitor Electrode
journal, February 2012

  • Lei, Zhibin; Shi, Fuhua; Lu, Li
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 4, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/am2016848

Graphene-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes
journal, January 2010

  • Zhang, Li Li; Zhou, Rui; Zhao, X. S.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1039/c000417k

Porous polyaniline nanofiber/vanadium pentoxide layer-by-layer electrodes for energy storage
journal, January 2013

  • Shao, Lin; Jeon, Ju-Won; Lutkenhaus, Jodie L.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3ta10961e

Transient Analysis of a Porous Electrode
journal, January 2005

  • Devan, Sheba; Subramanian, Venkat R.; White, Ralph E.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1884786

A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors
journal, January 2012

  • Wang, Guoping; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Jiujun
  • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 41, Issue 2, p. 797-828
  • DOI: 10.1039/C1CS15060J

A mathematical model of nanoparticulate mixed oxide pseudocapacitors; part I: model description and particle size effects
journal, May 2008


A Mathematical Model of Oxide/Carbon Composite Electrode for Supercapacitors
journal, January 2003

  • Kim, Hansung; Popov, Branko N.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1593039

Charging Mechanism and Moving Reaction Fronts in a Supercapacitor with Pseudocapacitance
journal, December 2013

  • Kadyk, Thomas; Eikerling, Michael
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.018403jes

Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage
journal, January 2014

  • Augustyn, Veronica; Simon, Patrice; Dunn, Bruce
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3ee44164d

Modeling pseudo capacitance of manganese dioxide
journal, April 2012


Graphene Oxide−MnO 2 Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors
journal, March 2010

  • Chen, Sheng; Zhu, Junwu; Wu, Xiaodong
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn901311t

High-power and high-energy asymmetric supercapacitors based on Li + -intercalation into a T-Nb 2 O 5 /graphene pseudocapacitive electrode
journal, January 2014

  • Kong, Lingping; Zhang, Chuanfang; Zhang, Songmin
  • J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 42
  • DOI: 10.1039/C4TA03604B

The Numerical Solution of the Time-Dependent Nernst-Planck Equations
journal, March 1965


Electrochemical Capacitors Using Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide and Hydrogen Inserted Ruthenium Oxide
journal, January 1998

  • Jow, T. R.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 145, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1838209

Manganese oxide/MWNTs composite electrodes for supercapacitors
journal, March 2005


Optimization of Active Manganese Oxide Electrodeposits Using Graphenated Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Supercapacitors
journal, March 2015

  • Brown, Billyde; Cordova, Isvar A.; Parker, Charles B.
  • Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/cm504519m

Recent Advances in Continuum Modeling of Interfacial and Transport Phenomena in Electric Double Layer Capacitors
journal, January 2015

  • Pilon, Laurent; Wang, Hainan; d’Entremont, Anna
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0211505jes

One-Pot Synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 Nanoparticles on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene as Advanced Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
journal, July 2014

  • Ma, Zhaoling; Huang, Xiaobing; Dou, Shuo
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp502226j

Progress of electrochemical capacitor electrode materials: A review
journal, June 2009


Carbon Nanotube/Manganese Oxide Ultrathin Film Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors
journal, June 2010

  • Lee, Seung Woo; Kim, Junhyung; Chen, Shuo
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn100681d

Steric effects in the dynamics of electrolytes at large applied voltages. I. Double-layer charging
journal, February 2007


Steric effects in the dynamics of electrolytes at large applied voltages. II. Modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations
journal, February 2007


Materials for electrochemical capacitors
journal, November 2008

  • Simon, Patrice; Gogotsi, Yury
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2297

Behavior of Molybdenum Nitrides as Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors
journal, January 1998

  • Liu, T. -C.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 145, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1838571

Thermodynamically consistent modeling of elementary electrochemistry in lithium-ion batteries
journal, December 2010


Boosting the Energy Density of 3D Dual-Manganese Oxides-Based Li-Ion Supercabattery by Controlled Mass Ratio and Charge Injection
journal, January 2016

  • Zhou, Haitao; Wang, Xuehang; Sheridan, Edel
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0691613jes

Simulations and Interpretation of Three-Electrode Cyclic Voltammograms of Pseudocapacitive Electrodes
journal, September 2016


Low-Cost High-Performance Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on MnO 2 Nanowires and Fe 2 O 3 Nanotubes
journal, January 2014

  • Yang, Peihua; Ding, Yong; Lin, Ziyin
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl404008e

Modeling the Effects of Electrode Composition and Pore Structure on the Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors
journal, January 2002

  • Lin, Changqing; Popov, Branko N.; Ploehn, Harry J.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 149, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1431575

LixMn2O4 thin films characterization by X-ray, electrical conductivity and XANES
journal, May 2003


Fast and reversible surface redox reaction of graphene–MnO2 composites as supercapacitor electrodes
journal, November 2010


The Effect of Crystallinity on the Rapid Pseudocapacitive Response of Nb2O5
journal, December 2011

  • Kim, Jong Woung; Augustyn, Veronica; Dunn, Bruce
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201100494

Experimental study on relationship between SOC and OCV of lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2014


Mesoscale modeling of electric double layer capacitors with three-dimensional ordered structures
journal, January 2013


Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors
journal, January 2014

  • Staser, John A.; Weidner, John W.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.031408jes

Nanostructured transition metal oxides for aqueous hybrid electrochemical supercapacitors
journal, November 2005


Transport-controlled reaction rates under local non-equilibrium conditions
journal, January 2007

  • Sanchez-Vila, Xavier; Dentz, Marco; Donado, Leonardo David
  • Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1029/2007GL029410

A Mathematical Model for a Lithium-Ion Battery/Electrochemical Capacitor Hybrid System
journal, January 2005

  • Sikha, Godfrey; White, Ralph E.; Popov, Branko N.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1940749

Mathematical Model Reformulation for Lithium-Ion Battery Simulations: Galvanostatic Boundary Conditions
journal, January 2009

  • Subramanian, Venkat R.; Boovaragavan, Vijayasekaran; Ramadesigan, Venkatasailanathan
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 156, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.3065083

A Facile and Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mn 3 O 4 Nanorods on Graphene Sheets for Supercapacitor Electrodes with Long Cycle Stability
journal, March 2012

  • Lee, Jeong Woo; Hall, Anthony S.; Kim, Jong-Duk
  • Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/cm203697w

Simulations of Cyclic Voltammetry for Electric Double Layers in Asymmetric Electrolytes: A Generalized Modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck Model
journal, August 2013

  • Wang, Hainan; Thiele, Alexander; Pilon, Laurent
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp402181e

The role of the electric conductivity of carbons in the electrochemical capacitor performance
journal, July 2011

  • Sánchez-González, José; Stoeckli, Fritz; Centeno, Teresa A.
  • Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 657, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.03.025

In situ UV-Vis and ex situ IR spectroelectrochemical investigations of amorphous and crystalline electrochromic Nb 2 O 5 films in charged/discharged states
journal, June 1998

  • Orel, Boris; Maček, Marjeta; Grdadolnik, Jože
  • Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s100080050092

Growth of single-crystal α-MnO2 nanorods on multi-walled carbon nanotubes
journal, November 2007


Measurement of LiClO[sub 4] Diffusion Coefficient in Propylene Carbonate by Moiré Pattern
journal, January 2006

  • Nishikawa, K.; Fukunaka, Y.; Sakka, T.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 153, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.2178648

From Paper to Paper-like Hierarchical Anatase TiO 2 Film Electrode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, August 2012

  • Zhao, Bote; Shao, Zongping
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp305744c

Mesoscale Modeling of a Li-Ion Polymer Cell
journal, January 2007

  • Wang, Chia-Wei; Sastry, Ann Marie
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 154, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.2778285

Physical Interpretation of Cyclic Voltammetry for Hybrid Pseudocapacitors
journal, May 2015

  • Girard, Henri-Louis; Wang, Hainan; d’Entremont, Anna
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00641

Manganese oxide-based materials as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes
journal, January 2011

  • Wei, Weifeng; Cui, Xinwei; Chen, Weixing
  • Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 40, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1039/C0CS00127A

Improved Energy Storage Solution Based on Hybrid Oxide Materials
journal, October 2012

  • López, María C.; Ortiz, Gregorio F.; Lavela, Pedro
  • ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1021/sc300096s

Electrochemical Supercapacitors
book, January 1999


Electrochemical Transport Phenomena in Hybrid Pseudocapacitors under Galvanostatic Cycling
journal, November 2015

  • d'Entremont, Anna L.; Girard, Henri-Louis; Wang, Hainan
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0441602jes

Preparation and characterization of manganese oxide/CNT composites as supercapacitive materials
journal, September 2006


Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors with Manganese Oxide-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Electrodes
journal, January 2005

  • Lee, Chia Ying; Tsai, Huei Mei; Chuang, Huey Jan
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1870793

A novel concept of hybrid capacitor based on manganese oxide materials
journal, December 2007


Graphene/metal oxide composite electrode materials for energy storage
journal, January 2012


Strongly nonlinear dynamics of electrolytes in large ac voltages
journal, July 2010


Carbon/MnO 2 Double-Walled Nanotube Arrays with Fast Ion and Electron Transmission for High-Performance Supercapacitors
journal, February 2014

  • Li, Qi; Lu, Xue-Feng; Xu, Han
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/am405271q

High-Performance Sodium-Ion Pseudocapacitors Based on Hierarchically Porous Nanowire Composites
journal, April 2012

  • Chen, Zheng; Augustyn, Veronica; Jia, Xilai
  • ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/nn300920e

Physical interpretation of cyclic voltammetry for measuring electric double layer capacitances
journal, March 2012


Three-dimensional particle-resolved models of Li-ion batteries to assist the evaluation of empirical parameters in one-dimensional models
journal, March 2012


A Hybrid Capacitor Based on Fe 3 O 4 -Graphene Nanocomposite/Few-Layer Graphene in Different Aqueous Electrolytes
journal, January 2016

  • Eskusson, J.; Rauwel, P.; Nerut, J.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.1161613jes

Ordered mesoporous α-MoO3 with iso-oriented nanocrystalline walls for thin-film pseudocapacitors
journal, January 2010

  • Brezesinski, Torsten; Wang, John; Tolbert, Sarah H.
  • Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmat2612

Pseudocapacitive Contributions to Electrochemical Energy Storage in TiO2 (Anatase) Nanoparticles
journal, October 2007

  • Wang, John; Polleux, Julien; Lim, James
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 40, p. 14925-14931
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp074464w

Micropore-Dominant Vanadium and Iron Co-Doped MnO 2 Hybrid Film Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
journal, January 2016

  • Ye, Zhiguo; Wang, Baofeng; Liu, Guiwu
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1149/2.0991613jes

Performance of Manganese Oxide/CNTs Composites as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors
journal, January 2005

  • Raymundo-Piñero, E.; Khomenko, V.; Frackowiak, E.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.1834913

Mechanism of the Electrical Conduction in Li-Doped NiO
journal, April 1966


A mathematical model of nanoparticulate mixed oxide pseudocapacitors; part II: the effects of intrinsic factors
journal, April 2010


Tailoring oriented TiO2 nanotube morphology for improved Li storage kinetics
journal, January 2013


Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers
journal, February 1938

  • Brunauer, Stephen; Emmett, P. H.; Teller, Edward
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 60, Issue 2, p. 309-319
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja01269a023

Li + Ion Insertion in TiO 2 (Anatase). 2. Voltammetry on Nanoporous Films
journal, September 1997

  • Lindström, Henrik; Södergren, Sven; Solbrand, Anita
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 101, Issue 39
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp970490q

Towards an understanding of induced-charge electrokinetics at large applied voltages in concentrated solutions
journal, November 2009

  • Bazant, Martin Z.; Kilic, Mustafa Sabri; Storey, Brian D.
  • Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 152, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.10.001

Electroless Deposition of Nanoscale MnO[sub 2] on Ultraporous Carbon Nanoarchitectures: Correlation of Evolving Pore-Solid Structure and Electrochemical Performance
journal, January 2008

  • Fischer, Anne E.; Saunders, Matthew P.; Pettigrew, Katherine A.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 155, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.2830548

First-principles theory of ionic diffusion with nondilute carriers
journal, October 2001


Works referencing / citing this record:

Achieving high energy density and high power density with pseudocapacitive materials
journal, October 2019

  • Choi, Christopher; Ashby, David S.; Butts, Danielle M.
  • Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0142-z

Controllable fabrication of redox-active conjugated microporous polymers on reduced graphene oxide for high performance faradaic energy storage
journal, January 2018

  • Khattak, Abdul Muqsit; Sin, Haksong; Ghazi, Zahid Ali
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 39
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta07913g

Ionic liquids to monitor the nano-structuration and the surface functionalization of material electrodes: a proof of concept applied to cobalt oxyhydroxide
journal, January 2019

  • Olchowka, Jacob; Tailliez, Tiphaine; Bourgeois, Lydie
  • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9na00171a