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Title: Techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of pre-cooling systems at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations

Abstract

In this study, we conducted a techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of precooling units (PCUs) at hydrogen refueling stations and developed a cost-minimizing design algorithm for the PCU observing the SAE J2601 refueling protocol for T40 stations. In so doing, we identified major factors that affect PCU cost and energy use. The hydrogen precooling energy intensity depends strongly on the station utilization rate, but approaches 0.3 kWhe/kg-H2 at full utilization. In early fuel cell electric vehicle markets where utilization of the refueling capacity is low, the overhead cooling load (to keep the heat exchanger cold at -40°C) results in significantly high PCU energy intensity because only a small amount of hydrogen is being dispensed. We developed a parameterized precooling energy intensity prediction formula as a function of the ambient temperature and station utilization rate. We also found that the Joule-Thomson effect of the flow control device introduces a significant increase in temperature upstream of the PCU’s heat exchanger (HX), which impacts the PCU design capacity. An optimal PCU (per dispenser, at 35°C HX inlet temperature) consists of a 13-kW refrigerator and a HX with 1400 kg of thermal mass (aluminum), which currently costs $70,000 (uninstalled). Finally, the total (installed) capital andmore » operation cost of PCU at a fully utilized hydrogen refueling station adds $0.50/kg-H2.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  2. U.S. Department of Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Washington DC (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1422579
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1496272
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 42; Journal Issue: 49; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
08 HYDROGEN; 42 ENGINEERING; 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; Hydrogen refueling; Pre-cooling; Refrigeration; Heat exchanger; Cost; Energy

Citation Formats

Elgowainy, Amgad, Reddi, Krishna, Lee, Dong-Yeon, Rustagi, Neha, and Gupta, Erika. Techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of pre-cooling systems at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.087.
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Elgowainy, Amgad, Reddi, Krishna, Lee, Dong-Yeon, Rustagi, Neha, & Gupta, Erika. Techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of pre-cooling systems at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.087
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Elgowainy, Amgad, Reddi, Krishna, Lee, Dong-Yeon, Rustagi, Neha, and Gupta, Erika. Mon . "Techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of pre-cooling systems at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.087. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1422579.
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@article{osti_1422579,
title = {Techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of pre-cooling systems at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations},
author = {Elgowainy, Amgad and Reddi, Krishna and Lee, Dong-Yeon and Rustagi, Neha and Gupta, Erika},
abstractNote = {In this study, we conducted a techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of precooling units (PCUs) at hydrogen refueling stations and developed a cost-minimizing design algorithm for the PCU observing the SAE J2601 refueling protocol for T40 stations. In so doing, we identified major factors that affect PCU cost and energy use. The hydrogen precooling energy intensity depends strongly on the station utilization rate, but approaches 0.3 kWhe/kg-H2 at full utilization. In early fuel cell electric vehicle markets where utilization of the refueling capacity is low, the overhead cooling load (to keep the heat exchanger cold at -40°C) results in significantly high PCU energy intensity because only a small amount of hydrogen is being dispensed. We developed a parameterized precooling energy intensity prediction formula as a function of the ambient temperature and station utilization rate. We also found that the Joule-Thomson effect of the flow control device introduces a significant increase in temperature upstream of the PCU’s heat exchanger (HX), which impacts the PCU design capacity. An optimal PCU (per dispenser, at 35°C HX inlet temperature) consists of a 13-kW refrigerator and a HX with 1400 kg of thermal mass (aluminum), which currently costs $70,000 (uninstalled). Finally, the total (installed) capital and operation cost of PCU at a fully utilized hydrogen refueling station adds $0.50/kg-H2.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.087},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
number = 49,
volume = 42,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.087
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Works referenced in this record:

Impact of hydrogen refueling configurations and market parameters on the refueling cost of hydrogen
journal, August 2017

Tube-trailer consolidation strategy for reducing hydrogen refueling station costs
journal, December 2014

Rethinking Hydrogen Fueling: Insights from Delivery Modeling
journal, January 2009

  • Mintz, Marianne; Elgowainy, Amgad; Gardiner, Monterey
  • Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2139, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3141/2139-06

Hydrogen refueling station compression and storage optimization with tube-trailer deliveries
journal, November 2014

Impact of hydrogen SAE J2601 fueling methods on fueling time of light-duty fuel cell electric vehicles
journal, June 2017

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    • Energy Storage, Vol. 1, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1002/est2.91
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