Photoelectron angular distributions from rotationally resolved autoionizing states of N2

Chartrand, A. M.; McCormack, E. F.; Jacovella, U.; Holland, D. M. P.; Gans, Berenger; Tang, Xiaofeng; Garcia, G. A.; Nahon, L.; Pratt, S. T.

doi:10.1063/1.5004538

Title: Photoelectron angular distributions from rotationally resolved autoionizing states of N₂

Journal Article · Thu Dec 07 23:00:00 EST 2017 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004538 · OSTI ID:1422406

Chartrand, A. M. ^[1];

^[2]; Jacovella, U. ^[3]; Holland, D. M. P. ^[4];

^[5]; Tang, Xiaofeng ^[6];

^[7]; Nahon, L. ^[7]; Pratt, S. T. ^[8]

Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA (United States)
Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA (United States); Bowdoin College , Brunswick, ME (United States)
ETH Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland)
Daresbury Lab., Cheshire (United Kingdom)
Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orsay (France)
Synchrotron Soleil, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui (China)
Synchrotron Soleil, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

The single-photon, photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectrum of N₂ has been recorded at high (~1.5 cm^-1) resolution in the region between the N₂⁺ X ²Σ_g⁺, v⁺ = 0 and 1 ionization thresholds by using a double imaging spectrometer and intense vacuum-ultraviolet light from the Synchrotron SOLEIL. This approach provides the relative photoionization cross section, the photoelectron energy distribution, and the photoelectron angular distribution as a function of photon energy. The region of interest contains autoionizing valence states, vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg states converging to vibrationally excited levels of the N₂⁺ X ²Σ_g⁺ ground state, and electronically autoionizing states converging to the N₂⁺ A ²Π and B ²Σ_u⁺ states. The wavelength resolution is sufficient to resolve rotational structure in the autoionizing states, but the electron energy resolution is insufficient to resolve rotational structure in the photoion spectrum. Here, a simplified approach based on multichannel quantum defect theory is used to predict the photoelectron angular distribution parameters, β, and the results are in reasonably good agreement with experiment.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1422406

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Chemical Physics Journal Issue: 22 Vol. 147; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

A study of the absolute photoabsorption cross section and the photionization quantum efficiency of nitrogen from the ionization threshold to 485 Å Shaw, D. A.; Holland, D. M. P.; MacDonald, M. A. Chemical Physics, Vol. 166, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(92)80097-f	journal	October 1992
The ‘cathedral’ in the near-threshold absorption spectrum of N2 Lefebvre-Brion, Hélène Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 144-147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.002	journal	June 2005
On the rotational structure of a prominent band in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectrum of molecular nitrogen Sommavilla, M.; Merkt, F. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 151, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2005.09.009	journal	March 2006
The effect of autoionising Rydberg states on the formation of low energy electrons Holland, D. M. P.; Shaw, D. A. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 184, Issue 3-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2010.12.006	journal	April 2011
Rydberg-state-resolved zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectroscopy Seiler, R.; Hollenstein, U.; Greetham, G. M. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 346, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00928-9	journal	October 2001
Tomographic imaging of molecular orbitals Itatani, J.; Levesque, J.; Zeidler, D. Nature, Vol. 432, Issue 7019 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03183	journal	December 2004
Photoelectron angular distributions in H ₂ : calculation of rotational-vibrational preionization by multichannel quantum defect theory Raoult, M.; Jungen, Ch.; Dill, Dan Journal de Chimie Physique, Vol. 77 https://doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1980770599	journal	January 1980
The near-threshold absorption spectrum of N2 Jungen, Ch.; Huber, K. P.; Jungen, M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1542877	journal	March 2003
Two-dimensional charged particle image inversion using a polar basis function expansion Garcia, Gustavo A.; Nahon, Laurent; Powis, Ivan Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1807578	journal	November 2004
Assignment in the near-threshold absorption spectrum of N2 Lefebvre-Brion, Hélène The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1876232	journal	April 2005
Vibrationally resolved photoionization of N ₂ near threshold O’Keeffe, P.; Bolognesi, P.; Moise, A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 136, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3692687	journal	March 2012
Photoionization of N ₂ X ¹ Σ ⁺ _g , v ″=0 and 1 near threshold. Preionization of the Worley–Jenkins Rydberg series Dehmer, P. M.; Miller, P. J.; Chupka, W. A. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446829	journal	February 1984
Complete dipole oscillator strength distribution and its moments for N ₂ Kosman, Warren M.; Wallace, Scott The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.448461	journal	February 1985
High‐resolution jet absorption study of nitrogen near 800 Å Huber, K. P.; Jungen, Ch. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458589	journal	January 1990
The f Rydberg series in the absorption spectrum of N ₂ Huber, K. P.; Jungen, Ch.; Yoshino, K. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 100, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.466841	journal	June 1994
DELICIOUS III: A multipurpose double imaging particle coincidence spectrometer for gas phase vacuum ultraviolet photodynamics studies Garcia, G. A.; Cunha de Miranda, B. K.; Tia, M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 84, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4807751	journal	May 2013
Isotope effects and spectroscopic assignments in the non-dissociative photoionization spectrum of N ₂ Randazzo, John B.; Croteau, Philip; Kostko, Oleg The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 140, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4873717	journal	May 2014
Vacuum upgrade and enhanced performances of the double imaging electron/ion coincidence end-station at the vacuum ultraviolet beamline DESIRS Tang, Xiaofeng; Garcia, Gustavo A.; Gil, Jean-François Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937624	journal	December 2015
Ab initio approach to the multichannel quantum defect calculation of the electronic autoionisation in the Hopfield series of N ₂ Raoult, M.; Rouzo, H. Le; Raseev, G. Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/16/24/016	journal	December 1983
A high resolution angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy study of N ₂ West, J. B.; Hayes, M. A.; Parr, A. C. Physica Scripta, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/41/4/024	journal	April 1990
Near-threshold photoionisation studies of N ₂ Zubek, M.; King, G. C.; Rutter, P. M. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/21/21/014	journal	November 1988
Photoelectron study of electronic autoionization in rotationally cooled N ₂ : the n=6 member of the Hopfield series Ueda, K.; West, J. B.; Hayes, M. A. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 26, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/26/18/005	journal	September 1993
High-resolution laser absorption spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet Sommavilla, M.; Hollenstein, U.; Greetham, G. M. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/35/18/309	journal	September 2002
Uncovering multiple orbitals influence in high harmonic generation from aligned N ₂ Le, Anh-Thu; Lucchese, R. R.; Lin, C. D. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/21/211001	journal	October 2009
The effect of autoionization on the N ₂ ⁺ X ² Σ _g ⁺ state vibrationally resolved photoelectron anisotropy parameters and branching ratios Holland, D. M. P.; Seddon, E. A.; Daly, S. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/46/9/095102	journal	April 2013
Studies of differential and total photoionization cross sections of molecular nitrogen Lucchese, Robert R.; Raseev, Georges; McKoy, Vincent Physical Review A, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.25.2572	journal	May 1982
Channel coupling and shape resonance effects in the photoelectron angular distributions of the 3 σ g − 1 and 2 σ u − 1 channels of N 2 Southworth, S. H.; Parr, A. C.; Hardis, J. E. Physical Review A, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.33.1020	journal	February 1986
Autoionization of nonpenetrating Rydberg states in diatomic molecules Eyler, E. E. Physical Review A, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.34.2881	journal	October 1986
Vibrationally resolved cross sections and asymmetry parameters for the photoionization of N 2 with coupling between the (3 σ g ) − 1 and the (2 σ u ) − 1 channels Basden, Bryan; Lucchese, Robert R. Physical Review A, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.37.89	journal	January 1988
Double-resonance spectroscopy of autoionizing states of N 2 near the ionization threshold McCormack, E. F.; Pratt, S. T.; Dehmer, J. L. Physical Review A, Vol. 42, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.42.5445	journal	November 1990
Analysis of the 8 f , 9 f , and 10 f , v =1 Rydberg states of N 2 McCormack, E. F.; Pratt, S. T.; Dehmer, J. L. Physical Review A, Vol. 44, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.44.3007	journal	September 1991
Double-resonance spectroscopy of a complex resonance in molecular nitrogen McCormack, E. F.; Pratt, S. T.; Dehmer, P. M. Physical Review A, Vol. 45, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.4697	journal	April 1992
Photoelectron spectra of N 2 + : Rotational line profiles studied with He I–excited angle-resolved spectroscopy and with synchrotron radiation Öhrwall, G.; Baltzer, P.; Bozek, J. Physical Review A, Vol. 59, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.59.1903	journal	March 1999
Angular Distributions of Photoelectrons from H 2 : Effects of Rotational Autoionization Dill, Dan Physical Review A, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.6.160	journal	July 1972
Angular Momentum Transfer in the Theory of Angular Distributions Fano, U.; Dill, Dan Physical Review A, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.6.185	journal	July 1972
Noncollinear wave mixing of attosecond XUV and few-cycle optical laser pulses in gas-phase atoms: Toward multidimensional spectroscopy involving XUV excitations Cao, Wei; Warrick, Erika R.; Fidler, Ashley Physical Review A, Vol. 94, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.94.053846	journal	November 2016
Publisher’s Note: Publisher’s Note: High Harmonic Spectroscopy of Multichannel Dynamics in Strong-Field Ionization [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 , 213601 (2010)] [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 , 229901 (2010)] Mairesse, Y.; Higuet, J.; Dudovich, N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.104.259901	journal	June 2010
Rotational Branching Ratios in N 2 + : Observation of Photon Energy Dependence by Photoelectron Spectroscopy Öhrwall, G.; Baltzer, P.; Bozek, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.546	journal	July 1998
Partial-Wave Decomposition of the Ionization Continuum Accessed by Vibrational Autoionization of the NO 14 s ( ν = 1 , N = 20 , N R + = 20 ) Level Park, Hongkun; Konen, Ian; Zare, Richard N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.3819	journal	April 2000
DESIRS: a state-of-the-art VUV beamline featuring high resolution and variable polarization for spectroscopy and dichroism at SOLEIL Nahon, Laurent; de Oliveira, Nelson; Garcia, Gustavo A. Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/s0909049512010588	journal	May 2012
P HOTOELECTRON A NGULAR D ISTRIBUTIONS Reid, Katharine L. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.54.011002.103814	journal	October 2003

Cited By (4)

Photoionization studies of reactive intermediates using synchrotron radiation Dyke, John M. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00623k	journal	January 2019
Double-resonance studies of electronically autoionizing states of molecular nitrogen Sen, Ananya; Pratt, S. T. Molecular Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2018.1544672	journal	January 2019
Double-resonance studies of electronically autoionizing states of molecular nitrogen Sen, Ananya; Pratt, S. T. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7618742	text	January 2019
Double-resonance studies of electronically autoionizing states of molecular nitrogen Sen, Ananya; Pratt, S. T. Taylor & Francis https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7618742.v1	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Valence-shell autoionization of NO

Journal Article · Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2000 · Physics Essays · OSTI ID:943031

Southworth, S. H.; Ferrett, T. A.; Hardis, J. E.; +2 more

Rotational state distributions from vibrational autoionization of H₂

Journal Article · Sat Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1988 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:6068335

Dehmer, Joseph L.; Dehmer, Patricia M.; Pratt, Stephen T.; +2 more

Double-resonance studies of rotational autoionization of H₂

Journal Article · Sat Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1988 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:6593619

O’Halloran, M. A.; Dehmer, Patricia M.; Pratt, Stephen T.; +2 more

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Photoelectron Angular Distributions
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Photoionization

Title: Photoelectron angular distributions from rotationally resolved autoionizing states of N2

Citation Formats

References (41)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Photoelectron angular distributions from rotationally resolved autoionizing states of N₂