Critical Role of Surface Energy in Guiding Crystallization of Solution-Coated Conjugated Polymer Thin Films

Zhang, Fengjiao; Mohammadi, Erfan; Luo, Xuyi; Strzalka, Joseph; Mei, Jianguo; Diao, Ying

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02807

Title: Critical Role of Surface Energy in Guiding Crystallization of Solution-Coated Conjugated Polymer Thin Films

Journal Article · Mon Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Langmuir

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02807 · OSTI ID:1418274

Zhang, Fengjiao ^[1]; Mohammadi, Erfan ^[1]; Luo, Xuyi ^[2]; Strzalka, Joseph ^[3];

^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS), X-ray Science Division

It is well-known that substrate surface properties have a profound impact on morphology of thin films solution coated atop and the resulting solid-state properties. However, design rules for guiding the substrate selection have not yet been established. Such design rules are particularly important for solution coated semiconducting polymers, as the substratedirected thin film morphology can impact charge transport properties by orders of magnitude. We hypothesize that substrate surface energies dictate the thin film morphology by modulating the free energy barrier to heterogeneous nucleation. To test this hypothesis, we systematically vary the substrate surface energy via surface functionalization techniques. We perform in-depth morphology and device characterizations to establish the relationship between substrate surface energy, thin film morphology and charge transport properties, employing a donor-accepter (D-A) conjugated polymer. Here, we find that decreasing the substrate surface energy progressively increases thin film crystallinity, degree of molecular ordering and extent of domain alignment. Notably, the enhanced morphology on the lowest surface energy substrate lead to a 10-fold increase in the charge carrier mobility. We further develop a free energy model relating the substrate surface energy to the penalty of heterogeneous nucleation from solution in the thin film geometry. The model correctly predicts the experimental trend, thereby validating our hypothesis. This work is a significant step towards establishing design rules and understanding the critical role of substrates in determining morphology of solution coated thin films.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1418274

Journal Information:: Langmuir, Journal Name: Langmuir Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 34; ISSN 0743-7463

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (79)

Enhancement of Field-Effect Mobility Due to Surface-Mediated Molecular Ordering in Regioregular Polythiophene Thin Film Transistors Kim, D. H.; Park, Y. D.; Jang, Y. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200400054	journal	January 2005
Real-Time Microscopy of Reorientation Driven Nucleation and Growth in Pentacene Thin Films on Silicon Dioxide Al-Mahboob, Abdullah; Fujikawa, Yasunori; Sakurai, Toshio Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201203427	journal	April 2013
Substrate-Induced and Thin-Film Phases: Polymorphism of Organic Materials on Surfaces Jones, Andrew O. F.; Chattopadhyay, Basab; Geerts, Yves H. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201503169	journal	January 2016
Solution-Processed Nanoporous Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Toward Health and Environmental Monitoring of Volatile Markers Zhang, Fengjiao; Qu, Ge; Mohammadi, Erfan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201701117	journal	May 2017
Device Physics of Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors Sirringhaus, H. Advanced Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 20, p. 2411-2425 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200501152	journal	October 2005
Controlled Deposition of Crystalline Organic Semiconductors for Field-Effect-Transistor Applications Liu, Shuhong; Wang, Wechung Maria; Briseno, Alejandro L. Advanced Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 12, p. 1217-1232 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802202	journal	March 2009
A High Mobility P-Type DPP-Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Copolymer for Organic Thin-Film Transistors Li, Yuning; Singh, Samarendra P.; Sonar, Prashant Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201002313	journal	August 2010
High-Performance Ambipolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene Copolymer Field-Effect Transistors with Balanced Hole and Electron Mobilities Chen, Zhuoying; Lee, Mi Jung; Shahid Ashraf, Raja Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102786	journal	October 2011
Guiding Crystallization around Bends and Sharp Corners Lee, Stephanie S.; Tang, Samuel B.; Smilgies, Detlef-M. Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104619	journal	April 2012
Ultrathin Film Organic Transistors: Precise Control of Semiconductor Thickness via Spin-Coating Zhang, Fengjiao; Di, Chong-an; Berdunov, Nikolai Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204075	journal	November 2012
Design of High-Mobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based π-Conjugated Copolymers for Organic Thin-Film Transistors Yi, Zhengran; Wang, Shuai; Liu, Yunqi Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201500401	journal	May 2015
Charge-Transport Anisotropy in a Uniaxially Aligned Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Copolymer Schott, Sam; Gann, Eliot; Thomsen, Lars Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201502437	journal	October 2015
Charge Transport in Organic and Polymeric Semiconductors for Flexible and Stretchable Devices Yao, Yifan; Dong, Huanli; Hu, Wenping Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503007	journal	December 2015
On the Extraction of Charge Carrier Mobility in High-Mobility Organic Transistors Uemura, Takafumi; Rolin, Cedric; Ke, Tung-Huei Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201503133	journal	November 2015
Large Modulation of Charge Carrier Mobility in Doped Nanoporous Organic Transistors Zhang, Fengjiao; Dai, Xiaojuan; Zhu, Weikun Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700411	journal	May 2017
Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers Owens, D. K.; Wendt, R. C. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130815	journal	August 1969
Vapour adsorption and contact angles on hydrophobic solid surfaces Li, D.; Xie, M.; Neumann, A. W. Colloid & Polymer Science, Vol. 271, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00657988	journal	June 1993
Contact angles and their temperature dependence: thermodynamic status, measurement, interpretation and application Neumann, A. W. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 4, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(74)85001-3	journal	August 1974
A reformulation of the equation of state for interfacial tensions Li, D.; Neumann, A. W. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 137, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(90)90067-X	journal	June 1990
Contact angles on hydrophobic solid surfaces and their interpretation Li, D.; Neumann, A. W. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 148, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(92)90127-8	journal	January 1992
Automation of axisymmetric drop shape analysis for measurements of interfacial tensions and contact angles Cheng, P.; Li, D.; Boruvka, L. Colloids and Surfaces, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(90)80286-D	journal	January 1990
Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation Kwok, D. Y.; Neumann, A. W. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(98)00087-6	journal	September 1999
Polymer semiconductor crystals Lim, Jung Ah; Liu, Feng; Ferdous, Sunzida Materials Today, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70080-8	journal	May 2010
Enthalpic and entropic origins of nucleation barriers during polymer crystallization: the Hoffman–Lauritzen theory and beyond Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Lotz, Bernard Polymer, Vol. 46, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.125	journal	September 2005
Insight into how molecular structures of thiophene-based conjugated polymers affect crystallization behaviors Liu, Jianhua; Mikhaylov, Ivan A.; Zou, Jianhua Polymer, Vol. 52, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.026	journal	May 2011
Surface-treatment effects on organic thin-film transistors Lim, Sang Chul; Kim, Seong Hyun; Lee, Jung Hun Synthetic Metals, Vol. 148, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.08.034	journal	January 2005
Static solvent contact angle measurements, surface free energy and wettability determination of various self-assembled monolayers on silicon dioxide Janssen, Dimitri; De Palma, Randy; Verlaak, Stijn Thin Solid Films, Vol. 515, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2006.04.006	journal	December 2006
Multilevel Investigation of Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers Dong, Huanli; Hu, Wenping Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 49, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00368	journal	October 2016
Flow-Directed Crystallization for Printed Electronics Qu, Ge; Kwok, Justin J.; Diao, Ying Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 49, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00445	journal	November 2016
Surface-Mediated Solidification of a Semiconducting Polymer during Time-Controlled Spin-Coating Na, Jin Yeong; Kang, Boseok; Lee, Seung Goo ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b11737	journal	December 2016
Symmetry Breaking in Side Chains Leading to Mixed Orientations and Improved Charge Transport in Isoindigo- alt -Bithiophene Based Polymer Thin Films Xue, Guobiao; Zhao, Xikang; Qu, Ge ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b07624	journal	July 2017
Understanding Interfacial Alignment in Solution Coated Conjugated Polymer Thin Films Qu, Ge; Zhao, Xikang; Newbloom, Gregory M. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b08133	journal	August 2017
Interface Engineering: An Effective Approach toward High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors Di, Chong-an; Liu, Yunqi; Yu, Gui Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 42, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9000873	journal	October 2009
Quantitative Determination of Organic Semiconductor Microstructure from the Molecular to Device Scale Rivnay, Jonathan; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.; Miller, Chad E. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3001109	journal	June 2012
Attractive Forces At Interfaces Fowkes, Frederick M. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 12, p. 40-52 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50660a008	journal	December 1964
Patterned Growth of Large Oriented Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals on Self-Assembled Monolayer Templates Briseno, Alejandro L.; Aizenberg, Joanna; Han, Yong-Jin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja052919u	journal	September 2005
Surface-Directed Molecular Assembly of Pentacene on Monolayer Graphene for High-Performance Organic Transistors Lee, Wi Hyoung; Park, Jaesung; Sim, Sung Hyun Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja1097463	journal	March 2011
Integrated Materials Design of Organic Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistors Mei, Jianguo; Diao, Ying; Appleton, Anthony L. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja400881n	journal	April 2013
Surface Polarity and Self-Structured Nanogrooves Collaboratively Oriented Molecular Packing for High Crystallinity toward Efficient Charge Transport Ji, Deyang; Xu, Xiaomin; Jiang, Longfeng Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b12153	journal	February 2017
Interfacial Ring Orientation in Polythiophene Field-Effect Transistors on Functionalized Dielectrics Anglin, Timothy C.; Speros, Joshua C.; Massari, Aaron M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2035339	journal	July 2011
Surface-Induced Conformational Changes in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Monolayer Films Kim, Do Hwan; Jang, Yunseok; Park, Yeong Don Langmuir, Vol. 21, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/la047061l	journal	April 2005
Surface Design for Controlled Crystallization: The Role of Surface Chemistry and Nanoscale Pores in Heterogeneous Nucleation Diao, Ying; Myerson, Allan S.; Hatton, T. Alan Langmuir, Vol. 27, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/la104351k	journal	May 2011
Mechanism for Stripe Pattern Formation on Hydrophilic Surfaces by Using Convective Self-Assembly Watanabe, Satoshi; Inukai, Koji; Mizuta, Shunsuke Langmuir, Vol. 25, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/la900315h	journal	July 2009
Quantification of Thin Film Crystallographic Orientation Using X-ray Diffraction with an Area Detector Baker, Jessy L.; Jimison, Leslie H.; Mannsfeld, Stefan Langmuir, Vol. 26, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/la904840q	journal	June 2010
High Mobility Field Effect Transistors Based on Macroscopically Oriented Regioregular Copolymers Tseng, Hsin-Rong; Ying, Lei; Hsu, Ben B. Y. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl303612z	journal	February 2012
Molecular Order in High-Efficiency Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Hammond, Matthew R.; Kline, R. Joseph; Herzing, Andrew A. ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn202951e	journal	September 2011
Charge separation in localized and delocalized electronic states in polymeric semiconductors Köhler, A.; dos Santos, D. A.; Beljonne, D. Nature, Vol. 392, Issue 6679 https://doi.org/10.1038/31901	journal	April 1998
Tuning charge transport in solution-sheared organic semiconductors using lattice strain Giri, Gaurav; Verploegen, Eric; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B. Nature, Vol. 480, Issue 7378, p. 504-508 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10683	journal	December 2011
Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors Bittle, Emily G.; Basham, James I.; Jackson, Thomas N. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10908	journal	March 2016
Dynamic-template-directed multiscale assembly for large-area coating of highly-aligned conjugated polymer thin films Mohammadi, Erfan; Zhao, Chuankai; Meng, Yifei Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16070	journal	July 2017
Enhancing 2D growth of organic semiconductor thin films with macroporous structures via a small-molecule heterointerface Kang, Boseok; Jang, Moonjeong; Chung, Yoonyoung Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5752	journal	August 2014
Flow-enhanced solution printing of all-polymer solar cells Diao, Ying; Zhou, Yan; Kurosawa, Tadanori Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8955	journal	August 2015
Macroscopic and high-throughput printing of aligned nanostructured polymer semiconductors for MHz large-area electronics Bucella, Sadir G.; Luzio, Alessandro; Gann, Eliot Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9394	journal	September 2015
Highly oriented crystals at the buried interface in polythiophene thin-film transistors Joseph Kline, R.; McGehee, Michael D.; Toney, Michael F. Nature Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1590	journal	February 2006
Liquid-crystalline semiconducting polymers with high charge-carrier mobility McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin; Bailey, Clare Nature Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1612	journal	March 2006
Solution coating of large-area organic semiconductor thin films with aligned single-crystalline domains Diao, Ying; Tee, Benjamin C-K.; Giri, Gaurav Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3650	journal	June 2013
A general relationship between disorder, aggregation and charge transport in conjugated polymers Noriega, Rodrigo; Rivnay, Jonathan; Vandewal, Koen Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3722	journal	August 2013
Exploring the origin of high optical absorption in conjugated polymers Vezie, Michelle S.; Few, Sheridan; Meager, Iain Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4645	journal	May 2016
A stable solution-processed polymer semiconductor with record high-mobility for printed transistors Li, Jun; Zhao, Yan; Tan, Huei Shuan Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00754	journal	October 2012
Control of charge transport in a semiconducting copolymer by solvent-induced long-range order Luzio, Alessandro; Criante, Luigino; D'Innocenzo, Valerio Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03425	journal	December 2013
Solution-Processed Donor-Acceptor Polymer Nanowire Network Semiconductors For High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors Lei, Yanlian; Deng, Ping; Li, Jun Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24476	journal	April 2016
Morphology control for high performance organic thin film transistors Shao, Wei; Dong, Huanli; Jiang, Lang Chem. Sci., Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C0SC00502A	journal	January 2011
Directing the film structure of organic semiconductors via post-deposition processing for transistor and solar cell applications Hiszpanski, Anna M.; Loo, Yueh-Lin Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE42615G	journal	January 2014
Morphology control strategies for solution-processed organic semiconductor thin films Diao, Ying; Shaw, Leo; Bao, Zhenan Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00688G	journal	January 2014
Polymorphism as an emerging design strategy for high performance organic electronics Chung, Hyunjoong; Diao, Ying Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 4, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC04390E	journal	January 2016
Influence of the side chain and substrate on polythiophene thin film surface, bulk, and buried interfacial structures Xiao, Minyu; Jasensky, Joshua; Zhang, Xiaoxian Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP04155H	journal	January 2016
Energetics and stability of pentacene thin films on amorphous and crystalline octadecylsilane modified surfaces Virkar, Ajay A.; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.; Bao, Zhenan Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/b921767c	journal	January 2010
Control of mesoscale and nanoscale ordering of organic semiconductors at the gate dielectric/semiconductor interface for organic transistors Lee, Wi Hyoung; Cho, Jeong Ho; Cho, Kilwon Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/b924415h	journal	January 2010
High mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based organic semiconductor materials for organic thin film transistors and photovoltaics Li, Yuning; Sonar, Prashant; Murphy, Leanne Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee00015j	journal	January 2013
Sur la tension superficielle à la limite de deux couches Antonow, G. N. Journal de Chimie Physique, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1907050372	journal	January 1907
Surface-energy-dependent field-effect mobilities up to 1 cm2/V s for polymer thin-film transistor Umeda, Tokiyoshi; Kumaki, Daisuke; Tokito, Shizuo Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3072669	journal	January 2009
III. An essay on the cohesion of fluids Young, Thomas Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 95, p. 65-87 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1805.0005	journal	January 1805
Growth of ultrathin pentacene films on polymeric substrates Ribič, Primož Rebernik; Kalihari, Vivek; Frisbie, C. Daniel Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.115307	journal	September 2009
Effect of rigidity on the crystallization processes of short polymer melts Miura, Toshiaki; Kishi, Ryoichi; Mikami, Masuhiro Physical Review E, Vol. 63, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.63.061807	journal	May 2001
The dedicated high-resolution grazing-incidence X-ray scattering beamline 8-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Source Jiang, Zhang; Li, Xuefa; Strzalka, Joseph Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049512022017	journal	June 2012
GIXSGUI : a MATLAB toolbox for grazing-incidence X-ray scattering data visualization and reduction, and indexing of buried three-dimensional periodic nanostructured films Jiang, Zhang Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576715004434	journal	April 2015
Avoid the kinks when measuring mobility McCulloch, I.; Salleo, A.; Chabinyc, M. Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6293 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf9062	journal	June 2016
Structural Complexities in the Active Layers of Organic Electronics Lee, Stephanie S.; Loo, Yueh-Lin Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100851	journal	June 2010
Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers for an Improved Charge Transport Wang, Haiyang; Xu, Yaozhuo; Yu, Xinhong Polymers, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym5041272	journal	November 2013

Cited By (9)

Understanding the Meniscus‐Guided Coating Parameters in Organic Field‐Effect‐Transistor Fabrications Chen, Ming; Peng, Boyu; Huang, Shuyun Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201905963	journal	November 2019
Printing 2D Conjugated Polymer Monolayers and Their Distinct Electronic Properties Kafle, Prapti; Zhang, Fengjiao; Schorr, Noah B. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201909787	journal	February 2020
Enhancing Molecular Alignment and Charge Transport of Solution-Sheared Semiconducting Polymer Films by the Electrical-Blade Effect Molina-Lopez, Francisco; Wu, Hung-Chin; Wang, Ging-Ji Nathan Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201800110	journal	May 2018
Solution Shearing of a High‐Capacitance Polymer Dielectric for Low‐Voltage Organic Transistors Haase, Katherina; Zessin, Jakob; Zoumboulis, Konstantinos Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201900067	journal	April 2019
Aligning poly[1,6‐di‐(N‐carbazolyl)‐2,4‐hexadiyne] crystalline fibers as conducting channels for transistor applications Lin, Fang‐Ju; Tao, Yu‐Tai Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, Vol. 66, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201900275	journal	May 2019
Quantitative Image Analysis of Fractal‐Like Thin Films of Organic Semiconductors Zhu, Weikun; Mohammadi, Erfan; Diao, Ying Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 57, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.24875	journal	August 2019
Increased charge carrier mobility and molecular packing of a solution sheared diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor–acceptor copolymer by alkyl side chain modification Hambsch, Mike; Erdmann, Tim; Chew, Annabel R. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06255b	journal	January 2019
Design rules for dynamic-template-directed crystallization of conjugated polymers Mohammadi, Erfan; Qu, Ge; Kafle, Prapti Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9me00042a	journal	January 2020
The interplay of interfaces, supramolecular assembly, and electronics in organic semiconductors Boehm, Belinda J.; Nguyen, Huong T. L.; Huang, David M. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab2ac2	journal	July 2019

Similar Records

Design rules for dynamic-template-directed crystallization of conjugated polymers

Journal Article · Thu May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Molecular Systems Design & Engineering · OSTI ID:1600814

Mohammadi, Erfan; Qu, Ge; Kafle, Prapti; +3 more

Understanding Film-To-Stripe Transition of Conjugated Polymers Driven by Meniscus Instability

Journal Article · Tue Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · OSTI ID:1484808

Qu, Ge; Kwok, Justin J.; Mohammadi, Erfan; +2 more

Dynamic-template-directed multiscale assembly for large-area coating of highly-aligned conjugated polymer thin films

Journal Article · Thu Jul 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:1393549

Mohammadi, Erfan; Zhao, Chuankai; Meng, Yifei; +7 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Thin Films

Title: Critical Role of Surface Energy in Guiding Crystallization of Solution-Coated Conjugated Polymer Thin Films

Citation Formats

References (79)

Cited By (9)

Similar Records

Related Subjects