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Title: Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Infrastructure Plastics with Bio-oil and Diesel Fuel

Abstract

We report that bio-oil derived via fast pyrolysis is being developed as a renewable fuel option for petroleum distillates. The compatibility of neat bio-oil with 18 plastic types was evaluated using neat diesel fuel as the baseline. The plastic materials included polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyoxymethylene (POM), POM copolymer, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polythiourea (PTU), four nylon grades, and four thermosetting resins. Specimens of each material were immersed in the test fuels for a period of 16 weeks to achieve full saturation. Except for PP and HDPE, the plastic materials underwent higher volume expansion in bio-oil than in the baseline diesel (which was negligible in most cases). This volume increase corresponds to the higher polarity of the bio-oil. PPS, PET, and PTFE were unaffected by bio-oil exposure, but modest swelling (between 2 and 5%) occurred for the two acetals (POM and POM copolymer), Nylon-12, PBT, PETG, and the four resin grades. More moderate swelling (8–15%) was noted for Nylon-6, Nylon-6/6, and Nylon-11, and excessive swell (>40%) occurred for PTU. The nonpolar nature of PP and HDPE matches that of diesel, leading to higher solubilitymore » (swell) in this fuel type. Finally, the relatively low volume expansion following exposure indicates that many of the existing infrastructure plastics (excluding PTU) should be suitable for use with bio-oil.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Fuels, Engines and Emissions Research Center
  2. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). National Bioenergy Center
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1415200
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1422872
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5100-70994
Journal ID: ISSN 0887-0624
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Energy and Fuels
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 32; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0887-0624
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
09 BIOMASS FUELS; bio-oils; pyrolysis; diesel fuel

Citation Formats

Kass, Michael D., Janke, Christopher James, Connatser, Raynella M., Lewis, Samuel Arthur, Keiser, James R., and Gaston, Katherine. Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Infrastructure Plastics with Bio-oil and Diesel Fuel. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03121.
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Kass, Michael D., Janke, Christopher James, Connatser, Raynella M., Lewis, Samuel Arthur, Keiser, James R., & Gaston, Katherine. Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Infrastructure Plastics with Bio-oil and Diesel Fuel. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03121
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Kass, Michael D., Janke, Christopher James, Connatser, Raynella M., Lewis, Samuel Arthur, Keiser, James R., and Gaston, Katherine. Tue . "Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Infrastructure Plastics with Bio-oil and Diesel Fuel". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03121. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1415200.
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@article{osti_1415200,
title = {Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Infrastructure Plastics with Bio-oil and Diesel Fuel},
author = {Kass, Michael D. and Janke, Christopher James and Connatser, Raynella M. and Lewis, Samuel Arthur and Keiser, James R. and Gaston, Katherine},
abstractNote = {We report that bio-oil derived via fast pyrolysis is being developed as a renewable fuel option for petroleum distillates. The compatibility of neat bio-oil with 18 plastic types was evaluated using neat diesel fuel as the baseline. The plastic materials included polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyoxymethylene (POM), POM copolymer, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polythiourea (PTU), four nylon grades, and four thermosetting resins. Specimens of each material were immersed in the test fuels for a period of 16 weeks to achieve full saturation. Except for PP and HDPE, the plastic materials underwent higher volume expansion in bio-oil than in the baseline diesel (which was negligible in most cases). This volume increase corresponds to the higher polarity of the bio-oil. PPS, PET, and PTFE were unaffected by bio-oil exposure, but modest swelling (between 2 and 5%) occurred for the two acetals (POM and POM copolymer), Nylon-12, PBT, PETG, and the four resin grades. More moderate swelling (8–15%) was noted for Nylon-6, Nylon-6/6, and Nylon-11, and excessive swell (>40%) occurred for PTU. The nonpolar nature of PP and HDPE matches that of diesel, leading to higher solubility (swell) in this fuel type. Finally, the relatively low volume expansion following exposure indicates that many of the existing infrastructure plastics (excluding PTU) should be suitable for use with bio-oil.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03121},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
number = 1,
volume = 32,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 05 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Dec 05 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03121
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Cited by: 12 works
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Figures / Tables:

Table 1 Table 1: List of Selected Properties for Pyrolysis Oil and Diesel
All figures and tables (22 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

Compatibility Assessment of Elastomeric Infrastructure Materials with Neat Diesel and a Diesel Blend Containing 20 Percent Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil
journal, April 2015

  • Kass, Michael D.; Janke, Chris; Connatser, Raynella
  • SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-0888

Historical Developments in Hydroprocessing Bio-oils
journal, May 2007

  • Elliott, Douglas C.
  • Energy & Fuels, Vol. 21, Issue 3, p. 1792-1815
  • DOI: 10.1021/ef070044u

Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review
journal, May 2006

  • Mohan, Dinesh; Pittman,, Charles U.; Steele, Philip H.
  • Energy & Fuels, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p. 848-889
  • DOI: 10.1021/ef0502397

Evaluation of Biomass-Derived Distillate Fuel as Renewable Heating Oil
journal, September 2015

Measuring bio-oil upgrade intermediates and corrosive species with polarity-matched analytical approaches
journal, November 2014

Compatibility Assessment of Fuel System Elastomers with Bio-oil and Diesel Fuel
journal, July 2016

Corrosion Considerations for Thermochemical Biomass Liquefaction Process Systems in Biofuel Production
journal, November 2014

Evaluation of Polymer Compatibility with Bio-oil Produced from Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass
journal, November 2015

Materials Compatibility With Pyrolysis Biofuel
conference, July 2014

  • Kirk, D. W.; Li, Z. R.; Fuleki, D.
  • ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Volume 2: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations
  • DOI: 10.1115/2001-GT-0006

Hansen Solubility Parameters
book, June 2007

Compatibility Assessment of Plastic Infrastructure Materials with Off-Highway Diesel and a Diesel Blend Containing 20 Percent Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil
journal, April 2015

  • Kass, Michael D.; Janke, Chris; Connatser, Raynella
  • SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-0893
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Solubility analysis of elastomers in a bio-based lubricant using Hansen parameters
    journal, October 2018

    • Farfan-Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; Pérez-González, José; Gallardo-Hernández, Ezequiel Alberto
    • Materials Research Express, Vol. 6, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aae962

    Tests on Material Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Selected Plastics
    journal, April 2019

    Tests on Material Compatibility of Phase Change Materials and Selected Plastics
    journal, April 2019

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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Table 1 (p. 1)table
      Table 2 (p. 2)table
      Figure 1 (p. 3)figure
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      Figure 2 (p. 4)figure
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      Table 7 (p. 9)table
      Figure 12 (p. 10)figure
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      Figure 15 (p. 11)figure
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