Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification

Kim, Dongsang; Kruger, Albert A.

doi:10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2017.10.013

Title: Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification

Abstract

Volatile loss of technetium (Tc) during vitrification of low-activity wastes is a technical challenge for treating and immobilizing the large volumes of radioactive and hazardous wastes stored at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. There are various research efforts being pursued to develop technologies that can be implemented for cost effective management of Tc, including studies to understand the behavior of Tc during vitrification, with the goal of eventually increasing Tc retention in glass. Furthermore, one of these studies has focused on identifying the form or species of Tc and Re (surrogate for Tc) that evolve during the waste-to-glass conversion process. This information is important for understanding the mechanism of Tc volatilization. In this paper, available information collected from the literature is critically evaluated to clarify the volatile species of Tc and Re and, more specifically, whether they volatilize as alkali pertechnetate and perrhenate or as technetium and rhenium oxides after decomposition of alkali pertechnetate and perrhenate. The evaluated data ranged from mass spectrometric identification of species volatilized from pure and binary alkali pertechnetate and perrhenate salts to structural and chemical analyses of volatilized materials during crucible melting and scaled melter processing of simulated wastes.

Authors:

^[1]; Kruger, Albert A. ^[2]

Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
USDOE Office of River Protection, Richland, WA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1413468

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1562980

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-129077
Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3093; PII: S0022309317305458; TRN: US1800435

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 481; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3093

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; low-activity waste; vitrification; borosilicate glass; technetium; rhenium; volatilization

Citation Formats


                    Kim, Dongsang, and Kruger, Albert A. Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2017.10.013.

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                    Kim, Dongsang, & Kruger, Albert A. Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2017.10.013

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                    Kim, Dongsang, and Kruger, Albert A. Thu .  
"Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2017.10.013.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1413468.

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@article{osti_1413468,

  title        = {Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification},

  author       = {Kim, Dongsang and Kruger, Albert A.},

  abstractNote = {Volatile loss of technetium (Tc) during vitrification of low-activity wastes is a technical challenge for treating and immobilizing the large volumes of radioactive and hazardous wastes stored at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. There are various research efforts being pursued to develop technologies that can be implemented for cost effective management of Tc, including studies to understand the behavior of Tc during vitrification, with the goal of eventually increasing Tc retention in glass. Furthermore, one of these studies has focused on identifying the form or species of Tc and Re (surrogate for Tc) that evolve during the waste-to-glass conversion process. This information is important for understanding the mechanism of Tc volatilization. In this paper, available information collected from the literature is critically evaluated to clarify the volatile species of Tc and Re and, more specifically, whether they volatilize as alkali pertechnetate and perrhenate or as technetium and rhenium oxides after decomposition of alkali pertechnetate and perrhenate. The evaluated data ranged from mass spectrometric identification of species volatilized from pure and binary alkali pertechnetate and perrhenate salts to structural and chemical analyses of volatilized materials during crucible melting and scaled melter processing of simulated wastes.},

  doi          = {10.1016/J.JNONCRYSOL.2017.10.013},

  journal      = {Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 481,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Thu Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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International Journal of Applied Glass Science, Vol. 10, Issue 4
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Similar Records

Title: Volatile species of technetium and rhenium during waste vitrification

Abstract

Citation Formats

Review: Waste-Pretreatment Technologies for Remediation of Legacy Defense Nuclear Wastes journal, January 2011

Glass Property Models, Constraints, and Formulation Approaches for Vitrification of High-Level Nuclear Wastes at the US Hanford Site journal, March 2015

Structural Behavior of Tc and I Ions in Nuclear Waste Glass journal, January 2014

Iodine solubility in a low-activity waste borosilicate glass at 1000°C journal, September 2014

Iron Mössbauer redox and relation to technetium retention during vitrification journal, March 2009

Behavior of technetium in nuclear waste vitrification processes journal, January 2015

Influence of surface charge of an Fe-oxide and an organic matter dominated soil on iodide and pertechnetate sorption journal, January 2003

Immobilization of 99-Technetium (VII) by Fe(II)-Goethite and Limited Reoxidation journal, June 2011

Photoreduction of 99 Tc Pertechnetate by Nanometer-Sized Metal Oxides: New Strategies for Formation and Sequestration of Low-Valent Technetium journal, November 2011

Aqueous 99Tc, 129I and 137Cs removal from contaminated groundwater and sediments using highly effective low-cost sorbents journal, October 2014

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Near-field performance assessment for a low-activity waste glass disposal system: laboratory testing to modeling results journal, September 2001

Toward Understanding the Effect of Low-Activity Waste Glass Composition on Sulfur Solubility journal, July 2014

Incorporating technetium in minerals and other solids: A review journal, November 2015

Removal of TcO 4 − ions from solution: materials and future outlook journal, January 2016

Removal of Pertechnetate-Related Oxyanions from Solution Using Functionalized Hierarchical Porous Frameworks journal, October 2016

Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework for Removal of Perrhenate from Water journal, August 2016

Impeding 99Tc(IV) mobility in novel waste forms journal, June 2016

Computational Investigation of Technetium(IV) Incorporation into Inverse Spinels: Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and Trevorite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) journal, April 2016

Incorporation of Technetium into Spinel Ferrites journal, November 2016

Reduction and Simultaneous Removal of 99 Tc and Cr by Fe(OH) 2 (s) Mineral Transformation journal, July 2017

Enhanced 99Tc retention in glass waste form using Tc(IV)-incorporated Fe minerals journal, November 2017

Reactions during melting of low-activity waste glasses and their effects on the retention of rhenium as a surrogate for technetium-99 journal, October 2015

Rhenium Solubility in Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glass: Implications for the Processing and Immobilization of Technetium-99 journal, October 2012

Redox-dependent solubility of technetium in low activity waste glass journal, June 2014

Incorporation and distribution of rhenium in a borosilicate glass melt heat treated in a sealed ampoule journal, November 2013

Crystallization of Rhenium Salts in a Simulated Low-Activity Waste Borosilicate Glass journal, March 2013

Formation of Technetium Salts in Hanford Low-Activity Waste Glass journal, August 2016

Chemistry of Technetium and Rhenium Species during Low-Level Radioactive Waste Vitrification journal, January 1996

Rhenium(VII) and technetium(VII) separation from aqueous solutions using a polyethylenimine–epichlorohydrin resin journal, May 2015

Investigation of the Redox Behavior of Technetium in Borosilicate Glass Melts by Voltammetry journal, January 1988

Thermodynamic Properties of Technetium and Rhenium Compounds. II. Heats of Formation of Technetium Heptoxide and Pertechnic Acid, Potential of the Technetium-(IV)-Technetium(VII) Couple, and a Potential Diagram for Technetium 1,2 journal, December 1953

Revision of the Electrode-Potential diagram for technetium journal, October 1955

The Electrode Potential of the Tc(IV)-Tc(VII) Couple journal, July 1991

Tc and Re Behavior in Borosilicate Waste Glass Vapor Hydration Tests journal, January 2007

Dissimilar Behavior of Technetium and Rhenium in Borosilicate Waste Glass as Determined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy journal, February 2007

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Technetium Volatilization During HLLW Vitrification journal, January 1984

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Thermochemical study of vaporization of sodium and potassium perrhenate using a mass spectrometer journal, January 1967

Mass spectrometric studies on the sublimation of rubidium perrhenate journal, June 1973

Mass spectrometric studies on the vaporization of lithium perrhenate journal, October 1973

Thermochemical study of gaseous salts of oxygen-containing acids: XXIV. Polymers of alkali metals perrenates journal, October 2008

The thermodynamic activity of lireo4 in the lireo4-CsReO4 system as determined by mass spectrometry journal, August 1979

Mass-spectrometric determination of excess Gibbs free energy for {(1 − x)KReO4 + xCsReO4} at 806 K journal, September 1980

Thermodynamic Properties of the RbReO 4 - CsReO 4 System journal, May 1988

Mass Spectrometric Identification of Gaseous Potassium and Cesium Pertechnetates and Bimetallic Technetium-Rhenium Oxide Dimers journal, August 1993

Volatilization of Ruthenium, Caesium and Technetium from Nitrate Systems in Nuclear Fuel Processing and Waste Solidification journal, February 1992

Simultaneous Evaporation of CS and TC During Vitrification-A Thermochemical Approach journal, January 1989

Analyses of structural data of technetium compounds journal, April 1987

The crystal structure of KReO4 journal, May 1960

Notizen: Sodium Metaperrhenate, NaReO4: High Pressure Synthesis of Single Crystals and Structure Refinement journal, September 1995

The structure of rhenium‐containing sodium alumino (iron) phosphate glasses journal, May 2019

Review: Waste-Pretreatment Technologies for Remediation of Legacy Defense Nuclear Wastes
journal, January 2011

Glass Property Models, Constraints, and Formulation Approaches for Vitrification of High-Level Nuclear Wastes at the US Hanford Site
journal, March 2015

Structural Behavior of Tc and I Ions in Nuclear Waste Glass
journal, January 2014

Iodine solubility in a low-activity waste borosilicate glass at 1000°C
journal, September 2014

Iron Mössbauer redox and relation to technetium retention during vitrification
journal, March 2009

Behavior of technetium in nuclear waste vitrification processes
journal, January 2015

Influence of surface charge of an Fe-oxide and an organic matter dominated soil on iodide and pertechnetate sorption
journal, January 2003

Immobilization of 99-Technetium (VII) by Fe(II)-Goethite and Limited Reoxidation
journal, June 2011

Photoreduction of ⁹⁹ Tc Pertechnetate by Nanometer-Sized Metal Oxides: New Strategies for Formation and Sequestration of Low-Valent Technetium
journal, November 2011

Aqueous 99Tc, 129I and 137Cs removal from contaminated groundwater and sediments using highly effective low-cost sorbents
journal, October 2014

Iron oxide waste form for stabilizing 99Tc
journal, October 2012

Near-field performance assessment for a low-activity waste glass disposal system: laboratory testing to modeling results
journal, September 2001

Toward Understanding the Effect of Low-Activity Waste Glass Composition on Sulfur Solubility
journal, July 2014

Incorporating technetium in minerals and other solids: A review
journal, November 2015

Removal of TcO ₄ ⁻ ions from solution: materials and future outlook
journal, January 2016

Removal of Pertechnetate-Related Oxyanions from Solution Using Functionalized Hierarchical Porous Frameworks
journal, October 2016

Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Framework for Removal of Perrhenate from Water
journal, August 2016

Impeding 99Tc(IV) mobility in novel waste forms
journal, June 2016

Computational Investigation of Technetium(IV) Incorporation into Inverse Spinels: Magnetite (Fe ₃ O ₄ ) and Trevorite (NiFe ₂ O ₄ )
journal, April 2016

Incorporation of Technetium into Spinel Ferrites
journal, November 2016

Reduction and Simultaneous Removal of ⁹⁹ Tc and Cr by Fe(OH) ₂ (s) Mineral Transformation
journal, July 2017

Enhanced 99Tc retention in glass waste form using Tc(IV)-incorporated Fe minerals
journal, November 2017

Reactions during melting of low-activity waste glasses and their effects on the retention of rhenium as a surrogate for technetium-99
journal, October 2015

Rhenium Solubility in Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glass: Implications for the Processing and Immobilization of Technetium-99
journal, October 2012

Redox-dependent solubility of technetium in low activity waste glass
journal, June 2014

Incorporation and distribution of rhenium in a borosilicate glass melt heat treated in a sealed ampoule
journal, November 2013

Crystallization of Rhenium Salts in a Simulated Low-Activity Waste Borosilicate Glass
journal, March 2013

Formation of Technetium Salts in Hanford Low-Activity Waste Glass
journal, August 2016

Chemistry of Technetium and Rhenium Species during Low-Level Radioactive Waste Vitrification
journal, January 1996

Rhenium(VII) and technetium(VII) separation from aqueous solutions using a polyethylenimine–epichlorohydrin resin
journal, May 2015

Investigation of the Redox Behavior of Technetium in Borosilicate Glass Melts by Voltammetry
journal, January 1988

Thermodynamic Properties of Technetium and Rhenium Compounds. II. Heats of Formation of Technetium Heptoxide and Pertechnic Acid, Potential of the Technetium-(IV)-Technetium(VII) Couple, and a Potential Diagram for Technetium ^1,2
journal, December 1953

Revision of the Electrode-Potential diagram for technetium
journal, October 1955

The Electrode Potential of the Tc(IV)-Tc(VII) Couple
journal, July 1991

Tc and Re Behavior in Borosilicate Waste Glass Vapor Hydration Tests
journal, January 2007

Dissimilar Behavior of Technetium and Rhenium in Borosilicate Waste Glass as Determined by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
journal, February 2007

Tc and Re behavior in borosilicate waste glass vapor hydration tests II
journal, October 2012

Identification of the Non-Pertechnetate Species in Hanford Waste Tanks, Tc(I)−Carbonyl Complexes
journal, January 2004

Technetium Volatilization During HLLW Vitrification
journal, January 1984

Recent advances in the chemistry of rhenium
journal, October 1974

Thermochemical study of vaporization of sodium and potassium perrhenate using a mass spectrometer
journal, January 1967

Mass spectrometric studies on the sublimation of rubidium perrhenate
journal, June 1973

Mass spectrometric studies on the vaporization of lithium perrhenate
journal, October 1973

Thermochemical study of gaseous salts of oxygen-containing acids: XXIV. Polymers of alkali metals perrenates
journal, October 2008

The thermodynamic activity of lireo4 in the lireo4-CsReO4 system as determined by mass spectrometry
journal, August 1979

Mass-spectrometric determination of excess Gibbs free energy for {(1 − x)KReO4 + xCsReO4} at 806 K
journal, September 1980

Thermodynamic Properties of the RbReO ₄ - CsReO ₄ System
journal, May 1988

Mass Spectrometric Identification of Gaseous Potassium and Cesium Pertechnetates and Bimetallic Technetium-Rhenium Oxide Dimers
journal, August 1993

Volatilization of Ruthenium, Caesium and Technetium from Nitrate Systems in Nuclear Fuel Processing and Waste Solidification
journal, February 1992

Simultaneous Evaporation of CS and TC During Vitrification-A Thermochemical Approach
journal, January 1989

Analyses of structural data of technetium compounds
journal, April 1987

The crystal structure of KReO4
journal, May 1960

Notizen: Sodium Metaperrhenate, NaReO4: High Pressure Synthesis of Single Crystals and Structure Refinement
journal, September 1995

The structure of rhenium‐containing sodium alumino (iron) phosphate glasses
journal, May 2019