Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars
Abstract
The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of basaltic material, with a focus of compositions around Mg# = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type basalt compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the basalt endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parentalmore »
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom). Leicester Inst. for Space and Earth Observation, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Astrogeology Science Center
- Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (United States). Mineral Spectroscopy Lab.
- Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
- Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada). Planetary and Space Science Centre
- Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL (United States). Geology Dept.
- Open Univ., Milton Keynes (United Kingdom). Dept. of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems
- California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE; UKSA
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1412898
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-17-27681
Journal ID: ISSN 1086-9379; TRN: US1800404
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Meteoritics and Planetary Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 52; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1086-9379
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Planetary Sciences
Citation Formats
Edwards, Peter H., Bridges, John C., Wiens, Roger Craig, Anderson, Ryan B., Dyar, Darby, Fisk, Martin, Thompson, Lucy, Gasda, Patrick, Filiberto, Justin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Blaney, Diana, and Hutchinson, Ian. Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1111/maps.12953.
Edwards, Peter H., Bridges, John C., Wiens, Roger Craig, Anderson, Ryan B., Dyar, Darby, Fisk, Martin, Thompson, Lucy, Gasda, Patrick, Filiberto, Justin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Blaney, Diana, & Hutchinson, Ian. Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars. United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12953
Edwards, Peter H., Bridges, John C., Wiens, Roger Craig, Anderson, Ryan B., Dyar, Darby, Fisk, Martin, Thompson, Lucy, Gasda, Patrick, Filiberto, Justin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Blaney, Diana, and Hutchinson, Ian. Thu .
"Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars". United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12953. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1412898.
@article{osti_1412898,
title = {Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars},
author = {Edwards, Peter H. and Bridges, John C. and Wiens, Roger Craig and Anderson, Ryan B. and Dyar, Darby and Fisk, Martin and Thompson, Lucy and Gasda, Patrick and Filiberto, Justin and Schwenzer, Susanne P. and Blaney, Diana and Hutchinson, Ian},
abstractNote = {The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of basaltic material, with a focus of compositions around Mg# = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type basalt compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the basalt endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parental melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. Finally, the Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic basalt along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.},
doi = {10.1111/maps.12953},
journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},
number = 11,
volume = 52,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Production of silica-saturated tholeiitic magmas in island arcs
journal, December 1972
- Nicholls, I. A.; Ringwood, A. E.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 1
A review of volatiles in the Martian interior
journal, October 2016
- Filiberto, Justin; Baratoux, David; Beaty, David
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 51, Issue 11
The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite
journal, September 2013
- Stolper, E. M.; Baker, M. B.; Newcombe, M. E.
- Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6153
The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science Objectives and Mast Unit Description
journal, July 2012
- Maurice, S.; Wiens, R. C.; Saccoccio, M.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4
Hydrogen detection with ChemCam at Gale crater
journal, March 2015
- Schröder, S.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Gasnault, O.
- Icarus, Vol. 249
In situ evidence for continental crust on early Mars
journal, July 2015
- Sautter, V.; Toplis, M. J.; Wiens, R. C.
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 8
A Global View of Martian Surface Compositions from MGS-TES
journal, March 2000
- Bandfield, J. L.
- Science, Vol. 287, Issue 5458
Elemental Composition of the Martian Crust
journal, May 2009
- McSween, H. Y.; Taylor, G. J.; Wyatt, M. B.
- Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5928
Fe2+–Mg partitioning between olivine and basaltic melts: Applications to genesis of olivine-phyric shergottites and conditions of melting in the Martian interior
journal, April 2011
- Filiberto, Justin; Dasgupta, Rajdeep
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 304, Issue 3-4
Constraints on the depth and thermal vigor of melting in the Martian mantle: Melting in the Martian Mantle
journal, January 2015
- Filiberto, Justin; Dasgupta, Rajdeep
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 120, Issue 1
Li isotopic variations in single pyroxenes from the Northwest Africa 480 shergottite (NWA 480): a record of degassing of Martian magmas?
journal, July 2004
- Beck, P.; Barrat, J. A.; Chaussidon, M.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, Issue 13
Classification of igneous rocks analyzed by ChemCam at Gale crater, Mars
journal, May 2017
- Cousin, Agnes; Sautter, Violaine; Payré, Valérie
- Icarus, Vol. 288
Mineralogy of an ancient lacustrine mudstone succession from the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars
journal, August 2017
- Rampe, E. B.; Ming, D. W.; Blake, D. F.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 471
Volatiles in Basaltic Glasses from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Evidence for a Relatively Dry Plume Component
journal, March 2001
- Dixon, J. E.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 42, Issue 3
Silicic volcanism on Mars evidenced by tridymite in high-SiO 2 sedimentary rock at Gale crater
journal, June 2016
- Morris, Richard V.; Vaniman, David T.; Blake, David F.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 26
The Origin and Evolution of Silica-saturated Alkalic Suites: an Experimental Study
journal, April 2004
- Nekvasil, H.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 45, Issue 4
Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover
journal, April 2013
- Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S.; Lasue, J.
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 82
Lunar and Martian Surfaces: Petrologic Significance of Absorption Bands in the Near-Infrared
journal, March 1968
- Adams, J. B.
- Science, Vol. 159, Issue 3822
ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars
journal, March 2015
- Anderson, Ryan; Bridges, J. C.; Williams, A.
- Icarus, Vol. 249
Improved accuracy in quantitative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using sub-models
journal, March 2017
- Anderson, Ryan B.; Clegg, Samuel M.; Frydenvang, Jens
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 129
Petrology of the Volcanic Rocks of Saint Helena Island, South Atlantic
journal, January 1969
- Baker, Ian
- Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 80, Issue 7
A Global View of Martian Surface Compositions from MGS-TES
journal, March 2000
- Bandfield, J. L.
- Science, Vol. 287, Issue 5458
Identification of quartzofeldspathic materials on Mars
journal, January 2004
- Bandfield, Joshua L.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue E10
Thick shell tectonics on one-plate planets: Applications to Mars
journal, January 1982
- Banerdt, W. B.; Phillips, R. J.; Sleep, N. H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Issue B12
Li isotopic variations in single pyroxenes from the Northwest Africa 480 shergottite (NWA 480): a record of degassing of Martian magmas?
journal, July 2004
- Beck, P.; Barrat, J. A.; Chaussidon, M.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 68, Issue 13
The SNC meteorites: basaltic igneous processes on Mars
journal, March 2006
- Bridges, J. C.; Warren, P. H.
- Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 163, Issue 2
Diagenesis and clay mineral formation at Gale Crater, Mars: Gale Crater Diagenesis
journal, January 2015
- Bridges, J. C.; Schwenzer, S. P.; Leveille, R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 120, Issue 1
Ancient plutonic processes on Mars inferred from the detection of possible anorthositic terrains
journal, November 2013
- Carter, J.; Poulet, F.
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Multivariate analysis of remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra using partial least squares, principal component analysis, and related techniques
journal, January 2009
- Clegg, Samuel M.; Sklute, Elizabeth; Dyar, M. Darby
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 64, Issue 1
Recalibration of the Mars Science Laboratory ChemCam instrument with an expanded geochemical database
journal, March 2017
- Clegg, Samuel M.; Wiens, Roger C.; Anderson, Ryan
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 129
Melting of the primitive martian mantle at 0.5–2.2 GPa and the origin of basalts and alkaline rocks on Mars
journal, October 2015
- Collinet, Max; Médard, Etienne; Charlier, Bernard
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 427
Classification of igneous rocks analyzed by ChemCam at Gale crater, Mars
journal, May 2017
- Cousin, Agnes; Sautter, Violaine; Payré, Valérie
- Icarus, Vol. 288
The Peralkaline Volcanic Suite of Aden and Little Aden, South Arabia
journal, October 1970
- Cox, K. G.; Gass, I. G.; Mallick, D. I. J.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 11, Issue 3
Alkali/Silica Distinction between Hawaiian Tholeiites and Alkali Basalts
journal, January 1975
- Delong, Stephen E.; Hoffman, Mark A.
- Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 86, Issue 8
Volatiles in Basaltic Glasses from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii: Evidence for a Relatively Dry Plume Component
journal, March 2001
- Dixon, J. E.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 42, Issue 3
Thermal emission spectra of terrestrial alkaline volcanic rocks: Applications to Martian remote sensing
journal, January 2007
- Dunn, Tasha L.; McSween, Harry Y.; Christensen, Philip R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue E5
Strategies for Mars remote Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of sulfur in geological samples
journal, January 2011
- Dyar, M. Darby; Tucker, Jonathan M.; Humphries, Seth
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 66, Issue 1
Fe2+–Mg partitioning between olivine and basaltic melts: Applications to genesis of olivine-phyric shergottites and conditions of melting in the Martian interior
journal, April 2011
- Filiberto, Justin; Dasgupta, Rajdeep
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 304, Issue 3-4
Crystallization experiments on a Gusev Adirondack basalt composition
journal, July 2008
- Filiberto, J.; Treiman, A. H.; Le, L.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 7
Constraints on the water, chlorine, and fluorine content of the Martian mantle
journal, March 2016
- Filiberto, Justin; Gross, Juliane; McCubbin, Francis M.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 51, Issue 11
A review of volatiles in the Martian interior
journal, October 2016
- Filiberto, Justin; Baratoux, David; Beaty, David
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 51, Issue 11
Tholeiitic and alkalic basalts of the oldest Pacific Ocean crust
journal, May 1991
- Floyd, P. A.; Castillo, P. R.; Pringle, M.
- Terra Nova, Vol. 3, Issue 3
Independent component analysis classification of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy spectra
journal, August 2013
- Forni, Olivier; Maurice, Sylvestre; Gasnault, Olivier
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 86
First detection of fluorine on Mars: Implications for Gale Crater's geochemistry: First detection of fluorine on Mars
journal, February 2015
- Forni, Olivier; Gaft, Michael; Toplis, Michael J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 4
The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts: MEAN MORB
journal, March 2013
- Gale, Allison; Dalton, Colleen A.; Langmuir, Charles H.
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 14, Issue 3
Primitive olivine-phyric shergottite NWA 5789: Petrography, mineral chemistry, and cooling history imply a magma similar to Yamato-980459
journal, January 2011
- Gross, Juliane; Treiman, Allan H.; Filiberto, Justin
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Petrography, mineral chemistry, and crystallization history of olivine-phyric shergottite NWA 6234: A new melt composition
journal, March 2013
- Gross, Juliane; Filiberto, Justin; Herd, Christopher D. K.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 48, Issue 5
Analysis of Surface Materials by the Curiosity Mars Rover
journal, September 2013
- Grotzinger, J. P.
- Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6153
Curiosity's Mission of Exploration at Gale Crater, Mars
journal, February 2015
- Grotzinger, J. P.; Crisp, J. A.; Vasavada, A. R.
- Elements, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Phase equilibrium controls on the tholeiitic versus calc-alkaline differentiation trends
journal, May 1984
- Grove, Timothy L.; Baker, Michael B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 89, Issue B5
Light lithophile elements in martian basalts: Evaluating the evidence for magmatic water degassing
journal, May 2005
- Herd, Christopher D. K.; Treiman, Allan H.; McKay, Gordon A.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 69, Issue 9
Origin and age of the earliest Martian crust from meteorite NWA 7533
journal, November 2013
- Humayun, M.; Nemchin, A.; Zanda, B.
- Nature, Vol. 503, Issue 7477
On the composition of ocean island basalts (OIB): The effects of lithospheric thickness variation and mantle metasomatism
journal, September 2009
- Humphreys, Emma R.; Niu, Yaoling
- Lithos, Vol. 112, Issue 1-2
A Guide to the Chemical Classification of the Common Volcanic Rocks
journal, May 1971
- Irvine, T. N.; Baragar, W. R. A.
- Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 5
Water in SNC meteorites: evidence for a martian hydrosphere
journal, March 1992
- Karlsson, H.; Clayton, R.; Gibson, E.
- Science, Vol. 255, Issue 5050
Global distribution, composition, and abundance of olivine on the surface of Mars from thermal infrared data
journal, January 2008
- Koeppen, William C.; Hamilton, Victoria E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue E5
The potassic sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, as seen by ChemCam on board Curiosity : Potassic Sedimentary Rocks, Gale Crater
journal, May 2016
- Le Deit, L.; Mangold, N.; Forni, O.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 121, Issue 5
The ChemCam Remote Micro-Imager at Gale crater: Review of the first year of operations on Mars
journal, March 2015
- Le Mouélic, S.; Gasnault, O.; Herkenhoff, K. E.
- Icarus, Vol. 249
Hydrogen isotope geochemistry of SNC meteorites
journal, July 1996
- Leshin, Laurie A.; Epstein, Samuel; Stolper, Edward M.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 60, Issue 14
Chemical variations in Yellowknife Bay formation sedimentary rocks analyzed by ChemCam on board the Curiosity rover on Mars
journal, March 2015
- Mangold, N.; Forni, O.; Dromart, G.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 120, Issue 3
Composition of conglomerates analyzed by the Curiosity rover: Implications for Gale Crater crust and sediment sources: CONGLOMERATES COMPOSITION AT GALE CRATER
journal, March 2016
- Mangold, N.; Thompson, L. M.; Forni, O.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 121, Issue 3
Classification scheme for sedimentary and igneous rocks in Gale crater, Mars
journal, March 2017
- Mangold, N.; Schmidt, M. E.; Fisk, M. R.
- Icarus, Vol. 284
The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Science Objectives and Mast Unit Description
journal, July 2012
- Maurice, S.; Wiens, R. C.; Saccoccio, M.
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4
ChemCam activities and discoveries during the nominal mission of the Mars Science Laboratory in Gale crater, Mars
journal, January 2016
- Maurice, S.; Clegg, S. M.; Wiens, R. C.
- Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Compositional diversity and stratification of the Martian crust: Inferences from crystallization experiments on the picrobasalt Humphrey from Gusev Crater, Mars
journal, January 2008
- McCubbin, Francis M.; Nekvasil, Hanna; Harrington, Andrea D.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue E11
Heterogeneous distribution of H 2 O in the Martian interior: Implications for the abundance of H 2 O in depleted and enriched mantle sources
journal, April 2016
- McCubbin, Francis M.; Boyce, Jeremy W.; Srinivasan, Poorna
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 51, Issue 11
Large-ion lithophile element fractionation during the early differentiation of Mars and the composition of the martian primitive mantle
journal, June 2003
- Mclennan, Scott M.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 38, Issue 6
Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
journal, December 2013
- McLennan, S. M.; Anderson, R. B.; Bell, J. F.
- Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6169
The rocks of Mars, from far and near
journal, January 2002
- McSween, Harry Y.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 37, Issue 1
Alkaline volcanic rocks from the Columbia Hills, Gusev crater, Mars
journal, January 2006
- McSween, H. Y.; Ruff, S. W.; Morris, R. V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue E9
Chemical, multispectral, and textural constraints on the composition and origin of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site
journal, April 1999
- McSween, H. Y.; Murchie, S. L.; Crisp, J. A.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 104, Issue E4
Geochemical evidence for magmatic water within Mars from pyroxenes in the Shergotty meteorite
journal, January 2001
- McSween, Harry Y.; Grove, Timothy L.; Lentz, Rachel C. F.
- Nature, Vol. 409, Issue 6819
Constraints on the composition and petrogenesis of the Martian crust: MARTIAN CRUST COMPOSITION AND PETROGENESIS
journal, December 2003
- McSween, Harry Y.; Grove, Timothy L.; Wyatt, Michael B.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 108, Issue E12
Mineralogy of volcanic rocks in Gusev Crater, Mars: Reconciling Mössbauer, Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer, and Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra
journal, January 2008
- McSween, H. Y.; Ruff, S. W.; Morris, R. V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue E6
Elemental Composition of the Martian Crust
journal, May 2009
- McSween, H. Y.; Taylor, G. J.; Wyatt, M. B.
- Science, Vol. 324, Issue 5928
Metamorphism in the Martian crust
journal, July 2014
- McSween, Harry Y.; Labotka, Theodore C.; Viviano-Beck, Christina E.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 50, Issue 4
Core Formation and Mantle Differentiation on Mars
journal, October 2012
- Mezger, Klaus; Debaille, Vinciane; Kleine, Thorsten
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 174, Issue 1-4
Paleoclimate of Mars as captured by the stratigraphic record in Gale Crater: STRATIGRAPHY OF GALE CRATER
journal, February 2010
- Milliken, R. E.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Thomson, B. J.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 4
Geochemical properties of rocks and soils in Gusev Crater, Mars: Results of the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer from Cumberland Ridge to Home Plate
journal, January 2008
- Ming, D. W.; Gellert, R.; Morris, R. V.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue E12
Mössbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev crater, Mars: Spirit's journey through weakly altered olivine basalt on the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills: MÖSSBAUER MINERALOGY AT GUSEV CRATER, MARS
journal, February 2006
- Morris, R. V.; Klingelhöfer, G.; Schröder, C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 111, Issue E2
Silicic volcanism on Mars evidenced by tridymite in high-SiO 2 sedimentary rock at Gale crater
journal, June 2016
- Morris, Richard V.; Vaniman, David T.; Blake, David F.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 26
Calcium sulfate veins characterized by ChemCam/Curiosity at Gale crater, Mars: CALCIUM SULFATE VEINS AT GALE CRATER
journal, September 2014
- Nachon, M.; Clegg, S. M.; Mangold, N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 119, Issue 9
The Origin and Evolution of Silica-saturated Alkalic Suites: an Experimental Study
journal, April 2004
- Nekvasil, H.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 45, Issue 4
Alkalic parental magmas for chassignites?
journal, June 2007
- Nekvasil, Hanna; Filiberto, Justin; McCUBBIN, Francis M.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 42, Issue 6
Linking the Chassigny meteorite and the Martian surface rock Backstay: Insights into igneous crustal differentiation processes on Mars
journal, June 2009
- Nekvasil, Hanna; McCUBBIN, Francis M.; Harrington, Andrea
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 44, Issue 6
Estimates of Martian crustal thickness from viscous relaxation of topography
journal, March 2001
- Nimmo, F.; Stevenson, D. J.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 106, Issue E3
Experimental and crystal chemical study of the basalt–eclogite transition in Mars and implications for martian magmatism
journal, March 2013
- Papike, J. J.; Burger, P. V.; Shearer, C. K.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 104
Quantitative compositional analysis of martian mafic regions using the MEx/OMEGA reflectance data
journal, May 2009
- Poulet, F.; Mangold, N.; Platevoet, B.
- Icarus, Vol. 201, Issue 1
Mineralogy of an ancient lacustrine mudstone succession from the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars
journal, August 2017
- Rampe, E. B.; Ming, D. W.; Blake, D. F.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 471
Compositional provinces of Mars from statistical analyses of TES, GRS, OMEGA and CRISM data: Mars' compositional provinces from TES
journal, January 2015
- Rogers, A. Deanne; Hamilton, Victoria E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 120, Issue 1
Vapour undersaturation in primitive mid-ocean-ridge basalt and the volatile content of Earth's upper mantle
journal, October 2002
- Saal, Alberto E.; Hauri, Erik H.; Langmuir, Charles H.
- Nature, Vol. 419, Issue 6906
Petrology of igneous clasts in Northwest Africa 7034: Implications for the petrologic diversity of the martian crust
journal, May 2015
- Santos, Alison R.; Agee, Carl B.; McCubbin, Francis M.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 157
Igneous mineralogy at Bradbury Rise: The first ChemCam campaign at Gale crater: IGNEOUS MINERALOGY AT BRADBURY RISE
journal, January 2014
- Sautter, V.; Fabre, C.; Forni, O.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 119, Issue 1
In situ evidence for continental crust on early Mars
journal, July 2015
- Sautter, V.; Toplis, M. J.; Wiens, R. C.
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 8
The evolution of a heterogeneous Martian mantle: Clues from K, P, Ti, Cr, and Ni variations in Gusev basalts and shergottite meteorites
journal, July 2010
- Schmidt, Mariek E.; McCoy, Timothy J.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 296, Issue 1-2
The primary fO2 of basalts examined by the Spirit rover in Gusev Crater, Mars: Evidence for multiple redox states in the martian interior
journal, December 2013
- Schmidt, Mariek E.; Schrader, Christian M.; McCoy, Timothy J.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 384
Geochemical diversity in first rocks examined by the Curiosity Rover in Gale Crater: Evidence for and significance of an alkali and volatile-rich igneous source: FIRST ROCKS EXAMINED BY THE CURIOSITY ROVER IN GALE CRATER
journal, January 2014
- Schmidt, M. E.; Campbell, J. L.; Gellert, R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 119, Issue 1
Hydrogen detection with ChemCam at Gale crater
journal, March 2015
- Schröder, S.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Gasnault, O.
- Icarus, Vol. 249
Fluids during diagenesis and sulfate vein formation in sediments at Gale crater, Mars
journal, July 2016
- Schwenzer, S. P.; Bridges, J. C.; Wiens, R. C.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 51, Issue 11
Petrogenetic linkages among Martian basalts: Implications based on trace element chemistry of olivine
journal, July 2008
- Shearer, C. K.; Burger, P. V.; Papdce, J. J.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 7
Petrogenetic linkages among fO2, isotopic enrichments-depletions and crystallization history in Martian basalts. Evidence from the distribution of phosphorus in olivine megacrysts
journal, November 2013
- Shearer, C. K.; Aaron, P. M.; Burger, P. V.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 120
The Origin of Rhyolite and Plagiogranite in Oceanic Crust: An Experimental Study
journal, February 1983
- Spulber, S. D.; Rutherford, M. J.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 24, Issue 1
The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars
journal, August 2004
- Squyres, S. W.
- Science, Vol. 305, Issue 5685
Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars
journal, May 2007
- Squyres, S. W.; Aharonson, O.; Clark, B. C.
- Science, Vol. 316, Issue 5825
Petrology and origin of the shergottite meteorites
journal, September 1979
- Stolper, Edward; McSween, Harry Y.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 43, Issue 9
The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite
journal, September 2013
- Stolper, E. M.; Baker, M. B.; Newcombe, M. E.
- Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6153
The bulk composition of Mars
journal, December 2013
- Taylor, G. Jeffrey
- Geochemistry, Vol. 73, Issue 4
Mapping Mars geochemically
journal, February 2010
- Taylor, G. Jeffrey; Martel, Linda M. V.; Karunatillake, Suniti
- Geology, Vol. 38, Issue 2
Geochemical diversity of shergottite basalts: Mixing and fractionation, and their relation to Mars surface basalts
journal, October 2014
- Treiman, Allan H.; Filiberto, Justin
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 50, Issue 4
Mineralogy, provenance, and diagenesis of a potassic basaltic sandstone on Mars: CheMin X-ray diffraction of the Windjana sample (Kimberley area, Gale Crater): CHEMIN: WINDJANA
journal, January 2016
- Treiman, Allan H.; Bish, David L.; Vaniman, David T.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 121, Issue 1
Petrogenesis of high-phosphorous Wishstone Class rocks in Gusev Crater, Mars
journal, January 2008
- Usui, Tomohiro; McSween, Harry Y.; Clark, Benton C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue E12
Origin of water and mantle–crust interactions on Mars inferred from hydrogen isotopes and volatile element abundances of olivine-hosted melt inclusions of primitive shergottites
journal, December 2012
- Usui, Tomohiro; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.; Wang, Jianhua
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 357-358
Meteoritic evidence for a previously unrecognized hydrogen reservoir on Mars
journal, January 2015
- Usui, Tomohiro; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.; Wang, Jianhua
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 410
Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
journal, December 2013
- Vaniman, D. T.; Bish, D. L.; Ming, D. W.
- Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6169
The Role of Pressure in Producing Compositional Diversity in Intraplate Basaltic Magmas
journal, November 2006
- Whitaker, M. L.; Nekvasil, H.; Lindsley, D. H.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 48, Issue 2
ChemCam: Chemostratigraphy by the First Mars Microprobe
journal, February 2015
- Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S.
- Elements, Vol. 11, Issue 1
The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests
journal, June 2012
- Wiens, Roger C.; Maurice, Sylvestre; Barraclough, Bruce
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4
Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover
journal, April 2013
- Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S.; Lasue, J.
- Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 82
Martian Fluvial Conglomerates at Gale Crater
journal, May 2013
- Williams, R. M. E.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Dietrich, W. E.
- Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6136
Prolonged magmatic activity on Mars inferred from the detection of felsic rocks
journal, November 2013
- Wray, James J.; Hansen, Sarah T.; Dufek, Josef
- Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 12
Origin of Basalt Magmas: An Experimental Study of Natural and Synthetic Rock Systems
journal, January 1962
- Yoder, H. S.; Tilley, C. E.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 3, Issue 3
The Role of Water in Generating the Calc-alkaline Trend: New Volatile Data for Aleutian Magmas and a New Tholeiitic Index
journal, November 2010
- Zimmer, Mindy M.; Plank, Terry; Hauri, Erik H.
- Journal of Petrology, Vol. 51, Issue 12
Bounce Rock-A shergottite-like basalt encountered at Meridiani Planum, Mars
journal, January 2011
- Zipfel, Jutta; SchrÖDer, Christian; Jolliff, Bradley L.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science