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Title: Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars

Abstract

The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of basaltic material, with a focus of compositions around Mg# = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type basalt compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the basalt endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parentalmore » melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. Finally, the Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic basalt along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [2];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom). Leicester Inst. for Space and Earth Observation, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Astrogeology Science Center
  4. Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (United States). Mineral Spectroscopy Lab.
  5. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences
  6. Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada). Planetary and Space Science Centre
  7. Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL (United States). Geology Dept.
  8. Open Univ., Milton Keynes (United Kingdom). Dept. of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems
  9. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE; UKSA
OSTI Identifier:
1412898
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-27681
Journal ID: ISSN 1086-9379; TRN: US1800404
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Meteoritics and Planetary Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 52; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1086-9379
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; Planetary Sciences

Citation Formats

Edwards, Peter H., Bridges, John C., Wiens, Roger Craig, Anderson, Ryan B., Dyar, Darby, Fisk, Martin, Thompson, Lucy, Gasda, Patrick, Filiberto, Justin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Blaney, Diana, and Hutchinson, Ian. Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1111/maps.12953.
Edwards, Peter H., Bridges, John C., Wiens, Roger Craig, Anderson, Ryan B., Dyar, Darby, Fisk, Martin, Thompson, Lucy, Gasda, Patrick, Filiberto, Justin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Blaney, Diana, & Hutchinson, Ian. Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars. United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12953
Edwards, Peter H., Bridges, John C., Wiens, Roger Craig, Anderson, Ryan B., Dyar, Darby, Fisk, Martin, Thompson, Lucy, Gasda, Patrick, Filiberto, Justin, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Blaney, Diana, and Hutchinson, Ian. Thu . "Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars". United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12953. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1412898.
@article{osti_1412898,
title = {Basalt-trachybasalt samples in Gale Crater, Mars},
author = {Edwards, Peter H. and Bridges, John C. and Wiens, Roger Craig and Anderson, Ryan B. and Dyar, Darby and Fisk, Martin and Thompson, Lucy and Gasda, Patrick and Filiberto, Justin and Schwenzer, Susanne P. and Blaney, Diana and Hutchinson, Ian},
abstractNote = {The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, observed numerous igneous float rocks and conglomerate clasts, reported previously. A new statistical analysis of single-laser-shot spectra of igneous targets observed by ChemCam shows a strong peak at ~55 wt% SiO2 and 6 wt% total alkalis, with a minor secondary maximum at 47–51 wt% SiO2 and lower alkali content. The centers of these distributions, together with the rock textures, indicate that many of the ChemCam igneous targets are trachybasalts, Mg# = 27 but with a secondary concentration of basaltic material, with a focus of compositions around Mg# = 54. We suggest that all of these igneous rocks resulted from low-pressure, olivine-dominated fractionation of Adirondack (MER) class-type basalt compositions. This magmatism has subalkaline, tholeiitic affinities. The similarity of the basalt endmember to much of the Gale sediment compositions in the first 1000 sols of the MSL mission suggests that this type of Fe-rich, relatively low-Mg#, olivine tholeiite is the dominant constituent of the Gale catchment that is the source material for the fine-grained sediments in Gale. The similarity to many Gusev igneous compositions suggests that it is a major constituent of ancient Martian magmas, and distinct from the shergottite parental melts thought to be associated with Tharsis and the Northern Lowlands. Finally, the Gale Crater catchment sampled a mixture of this tholeiitic basalt along with alkaline igneous material, together giving some analogies to terrestrial intraplate magmatic provinces.},
doi = {10.1111/maps.12953},
journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},
number = 11,
volume = 52,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Sep 14 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars
journal, December 2013


The Role of Pressure in Producing Compositional Diversity in Intraplate Basaltic Magmas
journal, November 2006


ChemCam: Chemostratigraphy by the First Mars Microprobe
journal, February 2015


The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests
journal, June 2012

  • Wiens, Roger C.; Maurice, Sylvestre; Barraclough, Bruce
  • Space Science Reviews, Vol. 170, Issue 1-4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11214-012-9902-4

Pre-flight calibration and initial data processing for the ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory rover
journal, April 2013

  • Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S.; Lasue, J.
  • Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, Vol. 82
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2013.02.003

Martian Fluvial Conglomerates at Gale Crater
journal, May 2013

  • Williams, R. M. E.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Dietrich, W. E.
  • Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6136
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.1237317

Prolonged magmatic activity on Mars inferred from the detection of felsic rocks
journal, November 2013

  • Wray, James J.; Hansen, Sarah T.; Dufek, Josef
  • Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1994

Origin of Basalt Magmas: An Experimental Study of Natural and Synthetic Rock Systems
journal, January 1962


The Role of Water in Generating the Calc-alkaline Trend: New Volatile Data for Aleutian Magmas and a New Tholeiitic Index
journal, November 2010


Bounce Rock-A shergottite-like basalt encountered at Meridiani Planum, Mars
journal, January 2011