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Title: The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations

Abstract

In this paper, we report the results of searches for strong gravitational lens systems in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification and Year 1 observations. The Science Verification data span approximately 250 sq. deg. with a median i-band limiting magnitude for extended objects (10σ) of 23.0. The Year 1 data span approximately 2000 sq. deg. and have an i-band limiting magnitude for extended objects (10σ) of 22.9. As these data sets are both wide and deep, they are particularly useful for identifying strong gravitational lens candidates. Potential strong gravitational lens candidate systems were initially identified based on a color and magnitude selection in the DES object catalogs or because the system is at the location of a previously identified galaxy cluster. Cutout images of potential candidates were then visually scanned using an object viewer and numerically ranked according to whether or not we judged them to be likely strong gravitational lens systems. Having scanned nearly 400,000 cutouts, we present 374 candidate strong lens systems, of which 348 are identified for the first time. Finally, we provide the R.A. and decl., the magnitudes and photometric properties of the lens and source objects, and the distance (radius) of the source(s) frommore » the lens center for each system.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1412737
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1362062; OSTI ID: 1417609
Report Number(s):
BNL-114558-2017-JA; FERMILAB-PUB-17-138-PPD
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4365; TRN: US1800336
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online); Journal Volume: 232; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4365
Publisher:
American Astronomical Society/IOP
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; high-redshift galaxies; strong gravitational lensing

Citation Formats

Diehl, H. T., Buckley-Geer, E. J., Lindgren, K. A., Nord, B., Gaitsch, H., Gaitsch, S., Lin, H., Allam, S., Collett, T. E., Furlanetto, C., Gill, M. S. S., More, A., Nightingale, J., Odden, C., Pellico, A., Tucker, D. L., Costa, L. N. da, Neto, A. Fausti, Kuropatkin, N., Soares-Santos, M., Welch, B., Zhang, Y., Frieman, J. A., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Evrard, A. E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Nugent, P., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., and Walker, A. R. The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa8667.
Diehl, H. T., Buckley-Geer, E. J., Lindgren, K. A., Nord, B., Gaitsch, H., Gaitsch, S., Lin, H., Allam, S., Collett, T. E., Furlanetto, C., Gill, M. S. S., More, A., Nightingale, J., Odden, C., Pellico, A., Tucker, D. L., Costa, L. N. da, Neto, A. Fausti, Kuropatkin, N., Soares-Santos, M., Welch, B., Zhang, Y., Frieman, J. A., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Evrard, A. E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Nugent, P., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., & Walker, A. R. The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa8667
Diehl, H. T., Buckley-Geer, E. J., Lindgren, K. A., Nord, B., Gaitsch, H., Gaitsch, S., Lin, H., Allam, S., Collett, T. E., Furlanetto, C., Gill, M. S. S., More, A., Nightingale, J., Odden, C., Pellico, A., Tucker, D. L., Costa, L. N. da, Neto, A. Fausti, Kuropatkin, N., Soares-Santos, M., Welch, B., Zhang, Y., Frieman, J. A., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D’Andrea, C. B., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Evrard, A. E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Lahav, O., Li, T. S., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Nichol, R. C., Nugent, P., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Reil, K., Romer, A. K., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., and Walker, A. R. Fri . "The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa8667. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1412737.
@article{osti_1412737,
title = {The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations},
author = {Diehl, H. T. and Buckley-Geer, E. J. and Lindgren, K. A. and Nord, B. and Gaitsch, H. and Gaitsch, S. and Lin, H. and Allam, S. and Collett, T. E. and Furlanetto, C. and Gill, M. S. S. and More, A. and Nightingale, J. and Odden, C. and Pellico, A. and Tucker, D. L. and Costa, L. N. da and Neto, A. Fausti and Kuropatkin, N. and Soares-Santos, M. and Welch, B. and Zhang, Y. and Frieman, J. A. and Abdalla, F. B. and Annis, J. and Benoit-Lévy, A. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Rosell, A. Carnero and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Cunha, C. E. and D’Andrea, C. B. and Desai, S. and Dietrich, J. P. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Evrard, A. E. and Finley, D. A. and Flaugher, B. and García-Bellido, J. and Gerdes, D. W. and Goldstein, D. A. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and James, D. J. and Kuehn, K. and Kuhlmann, S. and Lahav, O. and Li, T. S. and Lima, M. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Nichol, R. C. and Nugent, P. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Plazas, A. A. and Reil, K. and Romer, A. K. and Sako, M. and Sanchez, E. and Santiago, B. and Scarpine, V. and Schindler, R. and Schubnell, M. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Sheldon, E. and Smith, M. and Sobreira, F. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D. and Walker, A. R.},
abstractNote = {In this paper, we report the results of searches for strong gravitational lens systems in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification and Year 1 observations. The Science Verification data span approximately 250 sq. deg. with a median i-band limiting magnitude for extended objects (10σ) of 23.0. The Year 1 data span approximately 2000 sq. deg. and have an i-band limiting magnitude for extended objects (10σ) of 22.9. As these data sets are both wide and deep, they are particularly useful for identifying strong gravitational lens candidates. Potential strong gravitational lens candidate systems were initially identified based on a color and magnitude selection in the DES object catalogs or because the system is at the location of a previously identified galaxy cluster. Cutout images of potential candidates were then visually scanned using an object viewer and numerically ranked according to whether or not we judged them to be likely strong gravitational lens systems. Having scanned nearly 400,000 cutouts, we present 374 candidate strong lens systems, of which 348 are identified for the first time. Finally, we provide the R.A. and decl., the magnitudes and photometric properties of the lens and source objects, and the distance (radius) of the source(s) from the lens center for each system.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4365/aa8667},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 232,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: The Dark Energy Survey observational footprint. This result is based on searches of the SV (green) and Y1 (red and yellow) fields. We note that some of the area of Y1 overlaps with the SV fields.

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  • DOI: 10.1086/502621

The Detection and Statistics of Giant arcs Behind Clash Clusters
journal, January 2016


Crowded Cluster Cores: An Algorithm for Deblending in Dark Energy Survey Images
journal, November 2015

  • Zhang, Yuanyuan; McKay, Timothy A.; Bertin, Emmanuel
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 127, Issue 957
  • DOI: 10.1086/684053

A HIGHLY ELONGATED PROMINENT LENS AT z = 0.87: FIRST STRONG-LENSING ANALYSIS OF EL GORDO
journal, May 2013


The CFHTLS-Strong Lensing Legacy Survey (SL2S): Investigating the group-scale lenses with the SARCS sample
journal, March 2014


Gravitational lens modelling in a citizen science context
text, January 2015


SPACE WARPS- II. New gravitational lens candidates from the CFHTLS discovered through citizen science
text, January 2016


H0LiCOW - V. New COSMOGRAIL time delays of HE 0435-1223: H0 to 3.8 per cent precision from strong lensing in a flat ΛCDM model
text, January 2017

  • Bonvin, V.; Courbin, F.; Suyu, Sh
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.43691

VDES J2325-5229 a z=2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology independent supervised machine learning
text, January 2017

  • Ostrovski, F.; McMahon, Richard; Connolly, Aj
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.7974

Photometric Redshift Error Estimators
text, January 2007


A method to search for strong galaxy-galaxy lenses in optical imaging surveys
text, January 2007


Discovery of A Very Bright, Strongly-Lensed z=2 Galaxy in the SDSS DR5
text, January 2008


The Sloan Bright Arcs Survey : Six Strongly Lensed Galaxies at z=0.4-1.4
text, January 2008


The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: ACT-CL J0102-4915 "El Gordo," a Massive Merging Cluster at Redshift 0.87
text, January 2011


Two accurate time-delay distances from strong lensing: Implications for cosmology
text, January 2012


redMaPPer I: Algorithm and SDSS DR8 Catalog
text, January 2013


A highly elongated prominent lens at z=0.87: first strong lensing analysis of El Gordo
text, January 2013


Cosmological Constraints from the double source plane lens SDSSJ0946+1006
text, January 2014


Luminous and Dark Matter Profiles from Galaxies to Clusters: Bridging the Gap with Group-scale Lenses
preprint, January 2015


Space Warps II. New Gravitational Lens Candidates from the CFHTLS Discovered through Citizen Science
text, January 2015


Gravitational lens modeling with basis sets
text, January 2015


Discovery of two gravitationally lensed quasars in the Dark Energy Survey
text, January 2015


The mass-sheet degeneracy and time-delay cosmography: Analysis of the strong lens RXJ1131-1231
text, January 2015


PICS: Simulations of Strong Gravitational Lensing in Galaxy Clusters
text, January 2015


The Detection and Statistics of Giant Arcs Behind CLASH Clusters
text, January 2015


The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
text, January 2016


The PCA Lens-Finder: application to CFHTLS
text, January 2016


H0LiCOW I. $H_0$ Lenses in COSMOGRAIL's Wellspring: Program Overview
text, January 2016


Arcfinder: An algorithm for the automatic detection of gravitational arcs
text, January 2006


The Quadruple Gravitational Lens PG1115+080: Time Delays and Models
text, January 1996


SPACE WARPS - I. Crowdsourcing the discovery of gravitational lenses
text, January 2016


Works referencing / citing this record:

Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients
journal, November 2019


Evidence for radial variations in the stellar mass-to-light ratio of massive galaxies from weak and strong lensing
journal, August 2018

  • Sonnenfeld, Alessandro; Leauthaud, Alexie; Auger, Matthew W.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 1
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Is every strong lens model unhappy in its own way? Uniform modelling of a sample of 13 quadruply+ imaged quasars
journal, December 2018

  • Shajib, A. J.; Birrer, S.; Treu, T.
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LinKS: discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using convolutional neural networks
journal, January 2019

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  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz189

Quasar lenses in the south: searches over the DES public footprint
journal, August 2019

  • Agnello, Adriano; Spiniello, Chiara
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  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2200

Finding high-redshift strong lenses in DES using convolutional neural networks
journal, January 2019

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  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz272

The energy dependence of micro black hole horizon in quantum gravity theory
journal, August 2019


The Importance of Secondary Halos for Strong Lensing in Massive Galaxy Clusters across Redshift
journal, June 2019

  • Li, Nan; Gladders, Michael D.; Heitmann, Katrin
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An Extended Catalog of Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Gravitational Lenses Discovered in DES Using Convolutional Neural Networks
journal, July 2019

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  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab26b6

Evidence for radial variations in the stellar mass-to-light ratio of massive galaxies from weak and strong lensing
text, January 2018


Quasar Lenses in the South: searches over the DES public footprint
text, January 2018


The importance of secondary halos for strong lensing in massive galaxy clusters across redshift
text, January 2018


Finding high-redshift strong lenses in DES using convolutional neural networks
text, January 2018