Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds

Jin, Tongan; Chun, Jaehun; Dixon, Derek R.; Kim, Dongsang; Crum, Jarrod V.; Bonham, Charles C.; VanderVeer, Bradley J.; Rodriguez, Carmen P.; Weese, Brigitte L.; Schweiger, Michael J.; Kruger, Albert A.; Hrma, Pavel

doi:10.1111/jace.15352

Title: Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds

Abstract

Abstract During nuclear waste vitrification, a melter feed (a slurry mixture of a nuclear waste and various glass forming and modifying additives) is charged into the melter where undissolved refractory constituents are suspended together with evolved gas bubbles from complex reactions. Knowledge of flow properties of various reacting melter feeds is necessary to understand their unique feed‐to‐glass conversion processes occurring within a floating layer of melter feed called a cold cap. The viscosity of two low‐activity waste ( LAW ) melter feeds were studied during heating and correlated with volume fractions of undissolved solid phase and gas phase. In contrast to the high‐level waste ( HLW ) melter feed, the effects of undissolved solid and gas phases play comparable roles and are required to represent the viscosity of LAW melter feeds. This study can help bring physical insights to feed viscosity of reacting melter feeds with different compositions and foaming behavior in nuclear waste vitrification.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Dixon, Derek R. ^[1];

^[1]; Crum, Jarrod V. ^[1]; Bonham, Charles C. ^[1]; VanderVeer, Bradley J. ^[1]; Rodriguez, Carmen P. ^[1]; Weese, Brigitte L. ^[1]; Schweiger, Michael J. ^[1];

^[2]; Hrma, Pavel ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection Richland Washington

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1412576

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of the American Ceramic Society Journal Volume: 101 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7820

Publisher:: Wiley-Blackwell

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Jin, Tongan, Chun, Jaehun, Dixon, Derek R., Kim, Dongsang, Crum, Jarrod V., Bonham, Charles C., VanderVeer, Bradley J., Rodriguez, Carmen P., Weese, Brigitte L., Schweiger, Michael J., Kruger, Albert A., and Hrma, Pavel. Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1111/jace.15352.

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                    Jin, Tongan, Chun, Jaehun, Dixon, Derek R., Kim, Dongsang, Crum, Jarrod V., Bonham, Charles C., VanderVeer, Bradley J., Rodriguez, Carmen P., Weese, Brigitte L., Schweiger, Michael J., Kruger, Albert A., & Hrma, Pavel. Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15352

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                    Jin, Tongan, Chun, Jaehun, Dixon, Derek R., Kim, Dongsang, Crum, Jarrod V., Bonham, Charles C., VanderVeer, Bradley J., Rodriguez, Carmen P., Weese, Brigitte L., Schweiger, Michael J., Kruger, Albert A., and Hrma, Pavel. Thu .  
"Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15352.

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@article{osti_1412576,

  title        = {Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds},

  author       = {Jin, Tongan and Chun, Jaehun and Dixon, Derek R. and Kim, Dongsang and Crum, Jarrod V. and Bonham, Charles C. and VanderVeer, Bradley J. and Rodriguez, Carmen P. and Weese, Brigitte L. and Schweiger, Michael J. and Kruger, Albert A. and Hrma, Pavel},

  abstractNote = {Abstract During nuclear waste vitrification, a melter feed (a slurry mixture of a nuclear waste and various glass forming and modifying additives) is charged into the melter where undissolved refractory constituents are suspended together with evolved gas bubbles from complex reactions. Knowledge of flow properties of various reacting melter feeds is necessary to understand their unique feed‐to‐glass conversion processes occurring within a floating layer of melter feed called a cold cap. The viscosity of two low‐activity waste ( LAW ) melter feeds were studied during heating and correlated with volume fractions of undissolved solid phase and gas phase. In contrast to the high‐level waste ( HLW ) melter feed, the effects of undissolved solid and gas phases play comparable roles and are required to represent the viscosity of LAW melter feeds. This study can help bring physical insights to feed viscosity of reacting melter feeds with different compositions and foaming behavior in nuclear waste vitrification.},

  doi          = {10.1111/jace.15352},

  journal      = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 101,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Title: Melter feed viscosity during conversion to glass: Comparison between low‐activity waste and high‐level waste feeds

Abstract

Citation Formats

Arrhenius model for high-temperature glass-viscosity with a constant pre-exponential factor journal, April 2008

A review of the slip (wall depletion) of polymer solutions, emulsions and particle suspensions in viscometers: its cause, character, and cure journal, March 1995

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Conversion of Nuclear Waste to Molten Glass: Cold-Cap Reactions in Crucible Tests journal, May 2016

X‐ray tomography of feed‐to‐glass transition of simulated borosilicate waste glasses journal, May 2017

Kinetic model for quartz and spinel dissolution during melting of high-level-waste glass batch journal, November 2013

High-temperature viscosity of many-component glass melts journal, April 2016

The constitutive equation and flow dynamics of bubbly magmas: THE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR BUBBLY MAGMAS journal, December 2002

Tc-99 and Cs-137 Volatility from the DWPF Production Melter During Vitrification of the First Macrobatch of HLW Sludge at the Savannah River Site journal, January 1999

Nuclear waste vitrification efficiency: Cold cap reactions journal, December 2012

Temperature Distribution within a Cold Cap during Nuclear Waste Vitrification journal, June 2015

Viscosity of many-component glasses journal, June 2009

Effect of particle size distribution on slurry rheology: Nuclear waste simulant slurries journal, July 2011

Glass Property Models, Constraints, and Formulation Approaches for Vitrification of High-Level Nuclear Wastes at the US Hanford Site journal, March 2015

Melter Feed Reactions at T ≤ 700°C for Nuclear Waste Vitrification journal, July 2015

Stabilization and control of rheological properties of Fe2O3/Al(OH)3-rich colloidal slurries under high ionic strength and pH journal, August 2010

Conversion of batch to molten glass, I: Volume expansion journal, February 2011

Effect of heating rate on glass foaming: Transition to bulk foam journal, February 2009

Effect of glass composition on activation energy of viscosity in glass-melting-temperature range journal, August 2012

Cluster formation of silica particles in glass batches during melting journal, June 2010

Melting of glass batch: Model for multiple overlapping gas-evolving reactions journal, August 2012

Reactions during melting of low-activity waste glasses and their effects on the retention of rhenium as a surrogate for technetium-99 journal, October 2015

The rheology of a bubbly liquid journal, April 2002

Effects of heating rate, quartz particle size, viscosity, and form of glass additives on high‐level waste melter feed volume expansion journal, October 2016

Model for the conversion of nuclear waste melter feed to glass journal, February 2014

A Method for Determining Bulk Density, Material Density, and Porosity of Melter Feed During Nuclear Waste Vitrification journal, September 2015

Application of evolved gas analysis to cold-cap reactions of melter feeds for nuclear waste vitrification journal, September 2014

One‐Dimensional Cold Cap Model for Melters with Bubblers journal, July 2015

Glass viscosity as a function of temperature and composition: A model based on Adam–Gibbs equation journal, July 2008

A model for foam formation, stability, and breakdown in glass-melting furnaces journal, March 2006

Effect of Bubbles and Silica Dissolution on Melter Feed Rheology during Conversion to Glass journal, October 2014

Arrhenius model for high-temperature glass-viscosity with a constant pre-exponential factor
journal, April 2008

A review of the slip (wall depletion) of polymer solutions, emulsions and particle suspensions in viscometers: its cause, character, and cure
journal, March 1995

Mathematical modeling of cold cap
journal, October 2012

Conversion of Nuclear Waste to Molten Glass: Cold-Cap Reactions in Crucible Tests
journal, May 2016

X‐ray tomography of feed‐to‐glass transition of simulated borosilicate waste glasses
journal, May 2017

Kinetic model for quartz and spinel dissolution during melting of high-level-waste glass batch
journal, November 2013

High-temperature viscosity of many-component glass melts
journal, April 2016

The constitutive equation and flow dynamics of bubbly magmas: THE CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION FOR BUBBLY MAGMAS
journal, December 2002

Tc-99 and Cs-137 Volatility from the DWPF Production Melter During Vitrification of the First Macrobatch of HLW Sludge at the Savannah River Site
journal, January 1999

Nuclear waste vitrification efficiency: Cold cap reactions
journal, December 2012

Temperature Distribution within a Cold Cap during Nuclear Waste Vitrification
journal, June 2015

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journal, June 2009

Effect of particle size distribution on slurry rheology: Nuclear waste simulant slurries
journal, July 2011

Glass Property Models, Constraints, and Formulation Approaches for Vitrification of High-Level Nuclear Wastes at the US Hanford Site
journal, March 2015

Melter Feed Reactions at T ≤ 700°C for Nuclear Waste Vitrification
journal, July 2015

Stabilization and control of rheological properties of Fe2O3/Al(OH)3-rich colloidal slurries under high ionic strength and pH
journal, August 2010

Conversion of batch to molten glass, I: Volume expansion
journal, February 2011

Effect of heating rate on glass foaming: Transition to bulk foam
journal, February 2009

Effect of glass composition on activation energy of viscosity in glass-melting-temperature range
journal, August 2012

Cluster formation of silica particles in glass batches during melting
journal, June 2010

Melting of glass batch: Model for multiple overlapping gas-evolving reactions
journal, August 2012

Reactions during melting of low-activity waste glasses and their effects on the retention of rhenium as a surrogate for technetium-99
journal, October 2015

The rheology of a bubbly liquid
journal, April 2002

Effects of heating rate, quartz particle size, viscosity, and form of glass additives on high‐level waste melter feed volume expansion
journal, October 2016

Model for the conversion of nuclear waste melter feed to glass
journal, February 2014

A Method for Determining Bulk Density, Material Density, and Porosity of Melter Feed During Nuclear Waste Vitrification
journal, September 2015

Application of evolved gas analysis to cold-cap reactions of melter feeds for nuclear waste vitrification
journal, September 2014

One‐Dimensional Cold Cap Model for Melters with Bubblers
journal, July 2015

Glass viscosity as a function of temperature and composition: A model based on Adam–Gibbs equation
journal, July 2008

A model for foam formation, stability, and breakdown in glass-melting furnaces
journal, March 2006

Effect of Bubbles and Silica Dissolution on Melter Feed Rheology during Conversion to Glass
journal, October 2014