Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap

Cordaro, S. W.; Bott-Suzuki, S. C.

doi:10.1063/1.5002698

Title: Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap

Abstract

We present an experimental analysis of the symmetry of current density in a coaxial geometry, diagnosed using a magnetic field probe array and calculations of the Fowler-Nordheim enhancement factor. Data were collected on the coaxial gap breakdown device (240 A, 25 kV, 150 ns, ~0.1 Hz), and data from experiments using 2 different gap sizes and different penetration depths are compared over runs comprising 50 shots for each case. The magnetic field probe array quantifies the distribution of current density at three axial locations, on either sides of a vacuum breakdown, and tracks the evolution with time and space. The results show asymmetries in current density, which can be influenced by changes in the gap size and the penetration depth (of the center electrode into the outer electrode). For smaller gap sizes (400 μm), symmetric current profiles were not observed, and the change in the penetration depth changes both the symmetric behavior of the current density and the enhancement factor. For larger gaps (900 μm), current densities were typically more uniform and less influenced by the penetration depth, which is reflected in the enhancement factor values. Furthermore it is possible that the change in inductance caused by the localization ofmore »« less

Authors:

Cordaro, S. W. ^[1]; Bott-Suzuki, S. C. ^[1]

Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1511020

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1411983

Grant/Contract Number:: FC03-02NA00057

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Cordaro, S. W., and Bott-Suzuki, S. C. Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5002698.

Copy to clipboard


                    Cordaro, S. W., & Bott-Suzuki, S. C. Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5002698

Copy to clipboard


                    Cordaro, S. W., and Bott-Suzuki, S. C. Thu .  
"Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5002698.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1511020.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1511020,

  title        = {Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap},

  author       = {Cordaro, S. W. and Bott-Suzuki, S. C.},

  abstractNote = {We present an experimental analysis of the symmetry of current density in a coaxial geometry, diagnosed using a magnetic field probe array and calculations of the Fowler-Nordheim enhancement factor. Data were collected on the coaxial gap breakdown device (240 A, 25 kV, 150 ns, ~0.1 Hz), and data from experiments using 2 different gap sizes and different penetration depths are compared over runs comprising 50 shots for each case. The magnetic field probe array quantifies the distribution of current density at three axial locations, on either sides of a vacuum breakdown, and tracks the evolution with time and space. The results show asymmetries in current density, which can be influenced by changes in the gap size and the penetration depth (of the center electrode into the outer electrode). For smaller gap sizes (400 μm), symmetric current profiles were not observed, and the change in the penetration depth changes both the symmetric behavior of the current density and the enhancement factor. For larger gaps (900 μm), current densities were typically more uniform and less influenced by the penetration depth, which is reflected in the enhancement factor values. Furthermore it is possible that the change in inductance caused by the localization of current densities plays a role in the observed behavior.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5002698},

  journal      = {Journal of Applied Physics},

  number       = 21,

  volume       = 122,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Thu Dec 07 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5002698

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 1 work

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1: Coaxial gap experiment with b-dot array zones labeled.

All figures and tables (10 total)

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Area effect on electric breakdown of copper and stainless steel electrodes in vacuum
journal, February 1988

Okawa, M.; Shioiri, T.; Okubo, H.
IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, Vol. 23, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1109/14.2336

Two dimensional triangulation of breakdown in a high voltage coaxial gap
journal, July 2015

Cordaro, S. W.; Bott-Suzuki, S. C.; Caballero Bendixsen, L. S.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1063/1.4923459

A 1MA, variable risetime pulse generator for high energy density plasma research
journal, July 2008

Greenly, J. B.; Douglas, J. D.; Hammer, D. A.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 79, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1063/1.2949819

Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields
journal, May 1928

Fowler, R. H.; Nordheim, L.
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 119, Issue 781
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1928.0091

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field
journal, May 2010

Slutz, S. A.; Herrmann, M. C.; Vesey, R. A.
Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.3333505

Physical basis for applying the Fowler–Nordheim J–E relationship to experimental I–V data
journal, March 1993

Nicolaescu, Dan
Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 11, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1116/1.586867

Conditioning of a vacuum gap by sparks and ion bombardment
journal, September 1972

Beukema, G. P.
Physica, Vol. 61, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/0031-8914(72)90072-9

Aspects of field emission from silicon diode arrays
journal, January 1991

Harvey, R. J.; Lee, R. A.; Miller, A. J.
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 38, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1109/16.88519

The Role of Flux Advection in the Development of the Ablation Streams and Precursors of Wire Array Z-pinches
conference, January 2009

Greenly, John; Martin, Matthew; Blesener, Isaac
DENSE Z-PINCHES: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches, AIP Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.1063/1.3079752

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Effect of Coaxial Electrode Geometry on the Electric Field Enhancement Factor for a High Voltage Vacuum Gap

Journal Article Cordaro, S. W. ; Bott-Suzuki, S. C. ; Banasek, J. ; ... - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

We present an experimental analysis of the change in the electric field enhancement factor with varying gap size and penetration depth (P.D) of cathode into anode for a coaxial vacuum gap, diagnosed using Fowler–Nordheim analysis and optical imaging via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and time integrated Digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR). Data were collected on the Coaxial Gap Breakdown Machine (240 A, 25 kV, 150 ns, 0.1 Hz). Experiments using five different gap sizes at nine different P.Ds are compared over runs comprising 50 shots for each case. The results show a strong link between enhancement factor and gapmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2022.3176008

Full Text Available
Measurements of the volt-ampere characteristics and the breakdown voltages of direct-current helium and hydrogen discharges in microgaps

Journal Article Klas, M. ; Matejčik, Š. ; Radjenović, B. ; ... - Physics of Plasmas

The discharge phenomena for micro meter gap sizes include many interesting problems from engineering and physical perspectives. In this paper, the authors deal with the experimental and theoretical results of the breakdown voltage and current-voltage characteristics of the direct-current helium and hydrogen discharges. The measurements were performed at a constant pressure of around one atmosphere, while varying the gap size between two parallel plane tungsten electrodes between 1 μm and 100 μm. From the measured breakdown voltage curves, the effective yields and the ionization coefficients were derived for both gases. Present data for the ionization coefficients correlate with the data obtained formore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4897303
The smooth transition from field emission to a self-sustained plasma in microscale electrode gaps at atmospheric pressure

Journal Article Bilici, Mihai A. ; Boyle, Calvin R. ; Sankaran, R. Mohan, E-mail: dgo@nd.edu, E-mail: mohan@case.edu ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics

We report on the existence of a smooth transition from field emission to a self-sustained plasma in microscale electrode geometries at atmospheric pressure. This behavior, which is not found at macroscopic scales or low pressures, arises from the unique combination of large electric fields that are created in microscale dimensions to produce field-emitted electrons and the high pressures that lead to collisional ionization of the gas. Using a tip-to-plane electrode geometry, currents less than 10 μA are measured at onset voltages of ∼200 V for gaps less than 5 μm, and analysis of the current–voltage (I-V) relationship is found to follow Fowler–Nordheim behavior,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953648
Challenges in Nanoelectronics - Gate Dielectrics and Device Modeling (invited)

Journal Article Pantelides, Sokrates T - Journal of Physics Conference Series

Microelectronics has been tracking Moore's law for several decades with the same choices of materials: Silicon has been the semiconductor of choice; its native oxide, SiO{sub 2} has been used both as a gate dielectric (where a high dielectric constant is in principle desirable) and as an insulator for device isolation and interconnects (where low dielectric constant is in principle desirable); aluminum has been the metal of choice for interconnects. For device modeling, standard approximations to the Boltzmann equation, calculations of mobilities, and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, have been very adequate. As feature dimensions are entering the 'nano' regime, however, revolutionary changesmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/10/1/011
Limitations on the use of scanning probe microscopy for the measurement of field emission from copper surfaces

Technical Report Mizuno, Y

High electric-field breakdown in cm-wave x-band radio frequency (rf) accelerating structures is an important phenomenon limiting attainable accelerating gradients. Linear collider development requires an accelerating gradient of, at least, 70MeV/m (150MV/m surface electric field). The observed breakdown sequence usually consists of field emission (FE) from an electrically-conducting surface feature which heats the point of emission, thereby releasing gas from the surface and nearby bulk. The ionized gas makes a plasma that regeneratively heats the metal and releases more gas and electrons (via secondary emission) until a flashover occurs. The FE, however, occurs at a much lower surface electric field inmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/826839

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Time and space resolved current density mapping in three dimensions using magnetic field probe array in a high voltage coaxial gap

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Area effect on electric breakdown of copper and stainless steel electrodes in vacuum journal, February 1988

Two dimensional triangulation of breakdown in a high voltage coaxial gap journal, July 2015

A 1MA, variable risetime pulse generator for high energy density plasma research journal, July 2008

Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields journal, May 1928

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field journal, May 2010

Physical basis for applying the Fowler–Nordheim J–E relationship to experimental I–V data journal, March 1993

Conditioning of a vacuum gap by sparks and ion bombardment journal, September 1972

Aspects of field emission from silicon diode arrays journal, January 1991

The Role of Flux Advection in the Development of the Ablation Streams and Precursors of Wire Array Z-pinches conference, January 2009

Area effect on electric breakdown of copper and stainless steel electrodes in vacuum
journal, February 1988

Two dimensional triangulation of breakdown in a high voltage coaxial gap
journal, July 2015

A 1MA, variable risetime pulse generator for high energy density plasma research
journal, July 2008

Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields
journal, May 1928

Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field
journal, May 2010

Physical basis for applying the Fowler–Nordheim J–E relationship to experimental I–V data
journal, March 1993

Conditioning of a vacuum gap by sparks and ion bombardment
journal, September 1972

Aspects of field emission from silicon diode arrays
journal, January 1991

The Role of Flux Advection in the Development of the Ablation Streams and Precursors of Wire Array Z-pinches
conference, January 2009