Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators

Claassen, Martin; Jiang, Hong -Chen; Moritz, Brian; Devereaux, Thomas P.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00876-y

Title: Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators

Abstract

The search for quantum spin liquids in frustrated quantum magnets recently has enjoyed a surge of interest, with various candidate materials under intense scrutiny. However, an experimental confirmation of a gapped topological spin liquid remains an open question. Here, we show that circularly polarized light can provide a knob to drive frustrated Mott insulators into a chiral spin liquid, realizing an elusive quantum spin liquid with topological order. We find that the dynamics of a driven Kagome Mott insulator is well-captured by an effective Floquet spin model, with heating strongly suppressed, inducing a scalar spin chirality S_i · (S_j × S_k) term which dynamically breaks time-reversal while preserving SU(2) spin symmetry. We fingerprint the transient phase diagram and find a stable photo-induced chiral spin liquid near the equilibrium state. Furthermore, the results presented suggest employing dynamical symmetry breaking to engineer quantum spin liquids and access elusive phase transitions that are not readily accessible in equilibrium.

Authors:

Claassen, Martin ^[1]; Jiang, Hong -Chen ^[2];

^[2]; Devereaux, Thomas P. ^[2]

Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1410605

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Claassen, Martin, Jiang, Hong -Chen, Moritz, Brian, and Devereaux, Thomas P. Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00876-y.

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                    Claassen, Martin, Jiang, Hong -Chen, Moritz, Brian, & Devereaux, Thomas P. Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00876-y

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                    Claassen, Martin, Jiang, Hong -Chen, Moritz, Brian, and Devereaux, Thomas P. Mon .  
"Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00876-y.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410605.

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@article{osti_1410605,

  title        = {Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators},

  author       = {Claassen, Martin and Jiang, Hong -Chen and Moritz, Brian and Devereaux, Thomas P.},

  abstractNote = {The search for quantum spin liquids in frustrated quantum magnets recently has enjoyed a surge of interest, with various candidate materials under intense scrutiny. However, an experimental confirmation of a gapped topological spin liquid remains an open question. Here, we show that circularly polarized light can provide a knob to drive frustrated Mott insulators into a chiral spin liquid, realizing an elusive quantum spin liquid with topological order. We find that the dynamics of a driven Kagome Mott insulator is well-captured by an effective Floquet spin model, with heating strongly suppressed, inducing a scalar spin chirality Si · (Sj × Sk) term which dynamically breaks time-reversal while preserving SU(2) spin symmetry. We fingerprint the transient phase diagram and find a stable photo-induced chiral spin liquid near the equilibrium state. Furthermore, the results presented suggest employing dynamical symmetry breaking to engineer quantum spin liquids and access elusive phase transitions that are not readily accessible in equilibrium.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-017-00876-y},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Quantum Phase Diagram and Spontaneously Emergent Topological Chiral Superconductivity in Doped Triangular-Lattice Mott Insulators

Journal Article Huang, Yixuan ; Gong, Shou-Shu ; Sheng, D. N. - Physical Review Letters

The topological superconducting state is a highly sought-after quantum state hosting topological order and Majorana excitations. Here, in this Letter, we explore the mechanism to realize the topological superconductivity (TSC) in the doped Mott insulators with time-reversal symmetry (TRS). Through large-scale density matrix renormalization group study of an extended triangular-lattice t–J model on the six- and eight-leg cylinders, we identify a d + id-wave chiral TSC with spontaneous TRS breaking, which is characterized by a Chern number C=2 and quasi-long-range superconducting order. We map out the quantum phase diagram with by tuning the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) electron hopping and spin interaction.more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.130.136003

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Photo-induced Floquet Weyl magnons in noncollinear antiferromagnets

Journal Article Owerre, S.A., E-mail: sowerre@perimeterinstitute.ca - Annals of Physics

We study periodically driven insulating noncollinear stacked kagome antiferromagnets with a conventional symmetry-protected three-dimensional (3D) in-plane 120° spin structure, with either positive or negative vector chirality. We show that the symmetry protection of the in-plane 120° spin structure can be broken in the presence of an off-resonant circularly or linearly polarized electric field propagating parallel to the in-plane 120° spin structure (say along the x direction). Consequently, topological Floquet Weyl magnon nodes with opposite chirality are photoinduced along the k{sub x} momentum direction. They manifest as the monopoles of the photoinduced Berry curvature. We also show that the system exhibitsmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AOP.2019.04.003
Time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order in a kagome superconductor

Journal Article Mielke, III, Charles ; Das, Debarchan ; Yin, J. -X. ; ... - Nature (London)

The kagome lattice¹, which is the most prominent structural motif in quantum physics, benefits from inherent non-trivial geometry so that it can host diverse quantum phases, ranging from spin-liquid phases, to topological matter, to intertwined orders^{2,3,4,5,6,7,8} and, most rarely, to unconventional superconductivity^6,9. Recently, charge sensitive probes have indicated that the kagome superconductors AV₃Sb₅ (A = K, Rb, Cs)^9,10,11 exhibit unconventional chiral charge order^{12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,} which is analogous to the long-sought-after quantum order in the Haldane model²⁰ or Varma model²¹. However, direct evidence for the time-reversal symmetry breaking of the charge order remains elusive. Here we use muon spin relaxation to probe the kagome charge order and superconductivity in KV₃Sb₅. We observe a noticeable enhancement of the internal field width sensed by the muon ensemble, which takes place just below the charge ordering temperature and persists into the superconducting state. Notably, the muon spin relaxation rate below the charge ordering temperature is substantially enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. We further show the multigap nature of superconductivity in KV₃Sb₅ and that the T_c/λmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04327-z

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Designing Quantum Spin-Orbital Liquids in Artificial Mott Insulators

Journal Article Dou, Xu ; Kotov, Valeri N. ; Uchoa, Bruno - Scientific Reports

Quantum spin-orbital liquids are elusive strongly correlated states of matter that emerge from quantum frustration between spin and orbital degrees of freedom. A promising route towards the observation of those states is the creation of artificial Mott insulators where antiferromagnetic correlations between spins and orbitals can be designed. We show that Coulomb impurity lattices on the surface of gapped honeycomb substrates, such as graphene on SiC, can be used to simulate SU(4) symmetric spin-orbital lattice models. We exploit the property that massive Dirac fermions form mid-gap bound states with spin and valley degeneracies in the vicinity of a Coulomb impurity.more »« less
Cited by 8
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31737

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Title: Dynamical time-reversal symmetry breaking and photo-induced chiral spin liquids in frustrated Mott insulators

Abstract

Citation Formats

Prethermal Floquet Steady States and Instabilities in the Periodically Driven, Weakly Interacting Bose-Hubbard Model journal, November 2015

Equilibrium states of generic quantum systems subject to periodic driving journal, July 2014

Nature of chiral spin liquids on the kagome lattice journal, September 2015

Stroboscopic prethermalization in weakly interacting periodically driven systems text, January 2015

Enhancement of superexchange pairing in the periodically driven Hubbard model journal, August 2017

Haldane-Hubbard Mott Insulator: From Tetrahedral Spin Crystal to Chiral Spin Liquid text, January 2015

Floquet topological insulator in semiconductor quantum wells journal, March 2011

Heating and many-body resonances in a periodically driven two-band system journal, April 2016

Equivalence of the resonating-valence-bond and fractional quantum Hall states journal, November 1987

Identifying topological order by entanglement entropy journal, November 2012

Quantum spin liquid states journal, April 2017

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2 journal, December 2014

Many-body energy localization transition in periodically driven systems journal, June 2013

Modified Kagome Physics in the Natural Spin- 1 / 2 Kagome Lattice Systems: Kapellasite Cu 3 Zn ( OH ) 6 Cl 2 and Haydeeite Cu 3 Mg ( OH ) 6 Cl 2 journal, September 2008

Schrieffer-Wolff Transformation for Periodically Driven Systems: Strongly Correlated Systems with Artificial Gauge Fields journal, March 2016

Ground-state energy and spin gap of spin- 1 2 Kagomé-Heisenberg antiferromagnetic clusters: Large-scale exact diagonalization results journal, June 2011

Dynamical Cooper pairing in nonequilibrium electron-phonon systems journal, December 2016

Colloquium : Herbertsmithite and the search for the quantum spin liquid journal, December 2016

Evidence for a gapped spin-liquid ground state in a kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet journal, November 2015

Ultrafast and reversible control of the exchange interaction in Mott insulators journal, March 2015

All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, October 2016

Spin Hamiltonian for which the Chiral Spin Liquid is the Exact Ground State journal, August 2007

Chiral spin liquid and emergent anyons in a Kagome lattice Mott insulator journal, October 2014

Spin Dynamics of the Spin- 1 / 2 Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet ZnCu 3 ( OH ) 6 Cl 2 journal, March 2007

Tuberculous meningitis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in adults with central nervous system infections in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: an observational study journal, June 2016

Dissipative Floquet topological systems journal, November 2014

Proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid behaviour in a honeycomb magnet journal, April 2016

Spin liquids in frustrated magnets journal, March 2010

Prethermal Floquet Steady States and Instabilities in the Periodically Driven, Weakly Interacting Bose-Hubbard Model text, January 2015

Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator journal, October 2013

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator journal, January 2016

Chiral Spin Liquid and Quantum Criticality in Extended $S=1/2$ Heisenberg Models on the Triangular Lattice text, January 2016

Theory of light-enhanced phonon-mediated superconductivity journal, April 2016

Theory of the spin liquid state of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet journal, June 1989

Quasi-adiabatic dynamics and state preparation in Floquet many-body systems preprint, January 2016

Stroboscopic prethermalization in weakly interacting periodically driven systems journal, January 2016

Highly Mobile Gapless Excitations in a Two-Dimensional Candidate Quantum Spin Liquid journal, June 2010

Topological Orders in Rigid States journal, February 1990

Many-Body Localization in Periodically Driven Systems journal, April 2015

Rigorous Bound on Energy Absorption and Generic Relaxation in Periodically Driven Quantum Systems journal, March 2016

Exponentially Slow Heating in Periodically Driven Many-Body Systems journal, December 2015

Experimental realization of the topological Haldane model with ultracold fermions journal, November 2014

Fractionalized excitations in the spin-liquid state of a kagome-lattice antiferromagnet journal, December 2012

Enhancement of super-exchange pairing in the periodically-driven Hubbard model text, January 2016

Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe 2 monolayers journal, December 2014

Floquet–Magnus theory and generic transient dynamics in periodically driven many-body quantum systems journal, April 2016

First-principles determination of Heisenberg Hamiltonian parameters for the spin- 1 2 kagome antiferromagnet ZnCu 3 (OH) 6 Cl 2 journal, August 2013

Ultrafast and reversible control of the exchange interaction in Mott insulators journal, March 2015

Many-body energy localization transition in periodically driven systems journal, June 2013

Nature of the Spin-Liquid Ground State of the S = 1 / 2 Heisenberg Model on the Kagome Lattice journal, August 2012

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems text, January 2015

Fate of Many-Body Localization Under Periodic Driving journal, July 2015

Effective Hamiltonians for Rapidly Driven Many-Body Lattice Systems: Induced Exchange Interactions and Density-Dependent Hoppings journal, August 2015

Realizing Fractional Chern Insulators in Dipolar Spin Systems journal, April 2013

Reaching Fractional Quantum Hall States with Optical Flux Lattices journal, April 2013

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems journal, June 2015

Quantum orders and symmetric spin liquids journal, April 2002

Parent Hamiltonian for the chiral spin liquid journal, September 2009

Haldane-Hubbard Mott Insulator: From Tetrahedral Spin Crystal to Chiral Spin Liquid journal, April 2016

Chiral spin liquid and quantum criticality in extended S = 1 2 Heisenberg models on the triangular lattice journal, January 2017

Chiral Spin Liquid in a Frustrated Anisotropic Kagome Heisenberg Model journal, April 2014

Emergent Chiral Spin Liquid: Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in a Kagome Heisenberg Model journal, September 2014

Global phase diagram of competing ordered and quantum spin-liquid phases on the kagome lattice journal, February 2015

Refining the Spin Hamiltonian in the Spin- 1 2 Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet ZnCu 3 ( OH ) 6 Cl 2 Using Single Crystals journal, April 2012

Raman signature of the U(1) Dirac spin-liquid state in the spin- 1 2 kagome system journal, January 2010

Density Matrix Renormalization Group Numerical Study of the Kagome Antiferromagnet journal, September 2008

Spin-Liquid Ground State of the S = 1/2 Kagome Heisenberg Antiferromagnet journal, April 2011

Quasiparticle statistics and braiding from ground-state entanglement journal, June 2012

Minimal entangled states and modular matrix for fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands journal, July 2013

Numerical-Diagonalization Study of Spin Gap Issue of the Kagome Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet journal, May 2011

Laser-Irradiated CrI$_3$: When Chiral Photons Meet Topological Magnons preprint, January 2018

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter text, January 2018

All-optical nonequilibrium pathway to stabilizing magnetic Weyl semimetals in pyrochlore iridates text, January 2018

Theoretical understanding of photon spectroscopies in correlated materials in and out of equilibrium journal, August 2018

Floquet Engineering in Quantum Chains text, January 2018

Floquet-engineering counterdiabatic protocols in quantum many-body systems text, January 2019

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter journal, January 2019

Prethermal Floquet Steady States and Instabilities in the Periodically Driven, Weakly Interacting Bose-Hubbard Model
journal, November 2015

Equilibrium states of generic quantum systems subject to periodic driving
journal, July 2014

Nature of chiral spin liquids on the kagome lattice
journal, September 2015

Stroboscopic prethermalization in weakly interacting periodically driven systems
text, January 2015

Enhancement of superexchange pairing in the periodically driven Hubbard model
journal, August 2017

Haldane-Hubbard Mott Insulator: From Tetrahedral Spin Crystal to Chiral Spin Liquid
text, January 2015

Floquet topological insulator in semiconductor quantum wells
journal, March 2011

Heating and many-body resonances in a periodically driven two-band system
journal, April 2016

Equivalence of the resonating-valence-bond and fractional quantum Hall states
journal, November 1987

Identifying topological order by entanglement entropy
journal, November 2012

Quantum spin liquid states
journal, April 2017

Valley-selective optical Stark effect in monolayer WS2
journal, December 2014

Many-body energy localization transition in periodically driven systems
journal, June 2013

Modified Kagome Physics in the Natural Spin- $1 / 2$ Kagome Lattice Systems: Kapellasite ${Cu}_{3} Zn (OH)_{6} {Cl}_{2}$ and Haydeeite ${Cu}_{3} Mg (OH)_{6} {Cl}_{2}$
journal, September 2008

Schrieffer-Wolff Transformation for Periodically Driven Systems: Strongly Correlated Systems with Artificial Gauge Fields
journal, March 2016

Ground-state energy and spin gap of spin- $\frac{1}{2}$ Kagomé-Heisenberg antiferromagnetic clusters: Large-scale exact diagonalization results
journal, June 2011

Dynamical Cooper pairing in nonequilibrium electron-phonon systems
journal, December 2016

Colloquium : Herbertsmithite and the search for the quantum spin liquid
journal, December 2016

Evidence for a gapped spin-liquid ground state in a kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet
journal, November 2015

Ultrafast and reversible control of the exchange interaction in Mott insulators
journal, March 2015

All-optical materials design of chiral edge modes in transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, October 2016

Spin Hamiltonian for which the Chiral Spin Liquid is the Exact Ground State
journal, August 2007

Chiral spin liquid and emergent anyons in a Kagome lattice Mott insulator
journal, October 2014

Spin Dynamics of the Spin- $1 / 2$ Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet ${ZnCu}_{3} (OH)_{6} {Cl}_{2}$
journal, March 2007

Tuberculous meningitis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in adults with central nervous system infections in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: an observational study
journal, June 2016

Dissipative Floquet topological systems
journal, November 2014

Proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid behaviour in a honeycomb magnet
journal, April 2016

Spin liquids in frustrated magnets
journal, March 2010

Prethermal Floquet Steady States and Instabilities in the Periodically Driven, Weakly Interacting Bose-Hubbard Model
text, January 2015

Observation of Floquet-Bloch States on the Surface of a Topological Insulator
journal, October 2013

Selective scattering between Floquet–Bloch and Volkov states in a topological insulator
journal, January 2016

Chiral Spin Liquid and Quantum Criticality in Extended $S=1/2$ Heisenberg Models on the Triangular Lattice
text, January 2016

Theory of light-enhanced phonon-mediated superconductivity
journal, April 2016

Theory of the spin liquid state of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet
journal, June 1989

Quasi-adiabatic dynamics and state preparation in Floquet many-body systems
preprint, January 2016

Stroboscopic prethermalization in weakly interacting periodically driven systems
journal, January 2016

Highly Mobile Gapless Excitations in a Two-Dimensional Candidate Quantum Spin Liquid
journal, June 2010

Topological Orders in Rigid States
journal, February 1990

Many-Body Localization in Periodically Driven Systems
journal, April 2015

Rigorous Bound on Energy Absorption and Generic Relaxation in Periodically Driven Quantum Systems
journal, March 2016

Exponentially Slow Heating in Periodically Driven Many-Body Systems
journal, December 2015

Experimental realization of the topological Haldane model with ultracold fermions
journal, November 2014

Fractionalized excitations in the spin-liquid state of a kagome-lattice antiferromagnet
journal, December 2012

Enhancement of super-exchange pairing in the periodically-driven Hubbard model
text, January 2016

Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe ₂ monolayers
journal, December 2014

Floquet–Magnus theory and generic transient dynamics in periodically driven many-body quantum systems
journal, April 2016

First-principles determination of Heisenberg Hamiltonian parameters for the spin- $\frac{1}{2}$ kagome antiferromagnet ZnCu $_{3}$ (OH) $_{6}$ Cl $_{2}$
journal, August 2013

Ultrafast and reversible control of the exchange interaction in Mott insulators
journal, March 2015

Many-body energy localization transition in periodically driven systems
journal, June 2013

Nature of the Spin-Liquid Ground State of the $S = 1 / 2$ Heisenberg Model on the Kagome Lattice
journal, August 2012

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems
text, January 2015

Fate of Many-Body Localization Under Periodic Driving
journal, July 2015

Effective Hamiltonians for Rapidly Driven Many-Body Lattice Systems: Induced Exchange Interactions and Density-Dependent Hoppings
journal, August 2015

Realizing Fractional Chern Insulators in Dipolar Spin Systems
journal, April 2013

Reaching Fractional Quantum Hall States with Optical Flux Lattices
journal, April 2013

Occupation of topological Floquet bands in open systems
journal, June 2015

Quantum orders and symmetric spin liquids
journal, April 2002

Parent Hamiltonian for the chiral spin liquid
journal, September 2009

Haldane-Hubbard Mott Insulator: From Tetrahedral Spin Crystal to Chiral Spin Liquid
journal, April 2016

Chiral spin liquid and quantum criticality in extended $S = \frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg models on the triangular lattice
journal, January 2017

Chiral Spin Liquid in a Frustrated Anisotropic Kagome Heisenberg Model
journal, April 2014

Emergent Chiral Spin Liquid: Fractional Quantum Hall Effect in a Kagome Heisenberg Model
journal, September 2014

Global phase diagram of competing ordered and quantum spin-liquid phases on the kagome lattice
journal, February 2015

Refining the Spin Hamiltonian in the Spin- $\frac{1}{2}$ Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet ${ZnCu}_{3} (OH)_{6} {Cl}_{2}$ Using Single Crystals
journal, April 2012

Raman signature of the U(1) Dirac spin-liquid state in the spin- $\frac{1}{2}$ kagome system
journal, January 2010

Density Matrix Renormalization Group Numerical Study of the Kagome Antiferromagnet
journal, September 2008

Spin-Liquid Ground State of the S = 1/2 Kagome Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
journal, April 2011

Quasiparticle statistics and braiding from ground-state entanglement
journal, June 2012

Minimal entangled states and modular matrix for fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands
journal, July 2013

Numerical-Diagonalization Study of Spin Gap Issue of the Kagome Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
journal, May 2011

Laser-Irradiated CrI$_3$: When Chiral Photons Meet Topological Magnons
preprint, January 2018

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter
text, January 2018

All-optical nonequilibrium pathway to stabilizing magnetic Weyl semimetals in pyrochlore iridates
text, January 2018

Theoretical understanding of photon spectroscopies in correlated materials in and out of equilibrium
journal, August 2018

Floquet Engineering in Quantum Chains
text, January 2018

Floquet-engineering counterdiabatic protocols in quantum many-body systems
text, January 2019

Ultrastrong coupling between light and matter
journal, January 2019

Theory of photoinduced ultrafast switching to a spin-orbital ordered hidden phase
journal, November 2018

Spin chain network construction of chiral spin liquids
text, January 2019

Light-induced evaporative cooling of holes in the Hubbard model
journal, December 2019