Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer

Wing, Simon; Johnson, Jay R.

doi:10.1002/2015GL065464

Title: Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer

Abstract

Abstract The dependence of the upward field‐aligned current density ( J _|| ) at the dayside magnetopause boundary layer is well described by a simple analytic model based on a velocity shear generator. A previous observational survey confirmed that the scaling properties predicted by the analytical model are applicable between 11 and 17 MLT. We utilize the analytic model to predict field‐aligned currents using solar wind and ionospheric parameters and compare with direct observations. The calculated and observed parallel currents are in excellent agreement, suggesting that the model may be useful to infer boundary layer structures. However, near noon, where velocity shear is small, the kinetic pressure gradients and thermal currents, which are not included in the model, could make a small but significant contribution to J _|| . Excluding data from noon, our least squares fit returns log( J _{||,max_cal} ) = (0.96 ± 0.04) log( J _{||_obs} ) + (0.03 ± 0.01) where J _{||,max_cal} = calculated J _||,max and J _{||_obs} = observed J _|| .

Authors:

Wing, Simon ^[1]; Johnson, Jay R. ^[2]

Applied Physics Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University Laurel Maryland USA
Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA

Publication Date:: Fri Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2015

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1402268

Grant/Contract Number:: DE‐AC02‐09CH11466

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Geophysical Research Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Geophysical Research Letters Journal Volume: 42 Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 0094-8276

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Wing, Simon, and Johnson, Jay R. Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/2015GL065464.

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                    Wing, Simon, & Johnson, Jay R. Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065464

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                    Wing, Simon, and Johnson, Jay R. Fri .  
"Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065464.

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@article{osti_1402268,

  title        = {Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer},

  author       = {Wing, Simon and Johnson, Jay R.},

  abstractNote = {Abstract The dependence of the upward field‐aligned current density ( J || ) at the dayside magnetopause boundary layer is well described by a simple analytic model based on a velocity shear generator. A previous observational survey confirmed that the scaling properties predicted by the analytical model are applicable between 11 and 17 MLT. We utilize the analytic model to predict field‐aligned currents using solar wind and ionospheric parameters and compare with direct observations. The calculated and observed parallel currents are in excellent agreement, suggesting that the model may be useful to infer boundary layer structures. However, near noon, where velocity shear is small, the kinetic pressure gradients and thermal currents, which are not included in the model, could make a small but significant contribution to J || . Excluding data from noon, our least squares fit returns log( J ||,max_cal ) = (0.96 ± 0.04) log( J ||_obs ) + (0.03 ± 0.01) where J ||,max_cal  = calculated J ||,max and J ||_obs  = observed J || .},

  doi          = {10.1002/2015GL065464},

  journal      = {Geophysical Research Letters},

  number       = 21,

  volume       = 42,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Fri Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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Title: Theory and observations of upward field‐aligned currents at the magnetopause boundary layer

Abstract

Citation Formats

Low-latitude dayside magnetopause and boundary layer for high magnetic shear: 1. Structure and motion journal, April 1996

Low-latitude dusk flank magnetosheath, magnetopause, and boundary layer for low magnetic shear: Wind observations journal, September 1997

Auroral ionization and excitation by incident energetic electrons journal, October 1963

Magnetohydrodynamic and gasdynamic theories for planetary bow waves book, January 1985

The origins of Birkeland currents journal, January 1983

Structure of the low-latitude boundary layer: A case study with Geotail data journal, February 1998

The dependence of the strength and thickness of field-aligned currents on solar wind and ionospheric parameters: FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS journal, May 2015

Two-dimensional Vlasov solution for a collisionless plasma jet across transverse magnetic field lines with a sheared bulk velocity journal, September 2005

The statistical mapping of magnetosheath plasma properties based on THEMIS measurements in the magnetosheath interplanetary medium reference frame: MAGNETOSHEATH STATISTICAL MAPPING journal, August 2013

Ionospheric feedback effects on the quasi-stationary coupling between LLBL and postnoon/evening discrete auroral arcs journal, January 2008

Vlasov theory of the equilibrium structure of tangential discontinuities in space plasmas journal, May 1996

Review of Solar Wind Entry into and Transport Within the Plasma Sheet journal, November 2014

Automatic identification of large-scale field-aligned current structures journal, November 2000

Enhanced ionosphere-magnetosphere data from the DMSP satellites journal, January 1985

Ionospheric electrical conductances produced by auroral proton precipitation journal, January 2001

A high-latitude, low-latitude boundary layer model of the convection current system journal, January 1991

Generation of large-scale regions of auroral currents, electric potentials, and precipitation by the divergence of the convection electric field journal, January 1980

Measurements of E region ionization and conductivity produced by solar illumination at high latitudes journal, January 1984

Theory of the low-latitude boundary layer journal, January 1980

Solar wind driving of dayside field-aligned currents: SOLAR WIND DRIVING OF CURRENTS journal, August 2011

Different types of low-latitude boundary layer as observed by Interball Tail probe journal, July 2001

Electric potential differences across auroral generator interfaces journal, January 2013

Response of dayside net downward field-aligned current to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field and to substorm perturbations journal, January 1982

On calculating ionospheric conductances from the flux and energy of precipitating electrons journal, January 1987

On the field-aligned electric field in the polar cap: PARALLEL ELECTRIC FIELD IN THE POLAR CAP journal, July 2015

Identification and observations of the plasma mantle at low altitude journal, January 1991

Sheared magnetospheric plasma flows and discrete auroral arcs: a quasi-static coupling model journal, January 2007

Dayside field-aligned current source regions: DAYSIDE FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT SOURCE REG journal, December 2010

Global MHD modeling of the impact of a solar wind pressure change journal, January 2002

Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside auroral activity and the transfer of momentum across the dayside magnetopause journal, November 1989

The auroral oval position, structure, and intensity of precipitation from 1984 onward: An automated on-line data base journal, January 1991

Predicting interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) propagation delay times using the minimum variance technique journal, January 2003

The low-latitude boundary layer and the boundary plasma sheet at low altitude: Prenoon precipitation regions and convection reversal boundaries journal, January 1991

Nonlocal stability analysis of the MHD Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a compressible plasma journal, January 1982

The cusp and the cleft/boundary layer: Low-altitude identification and statistical local time variation journal, January 1988

Electron observations in the solar wind and magnetosheath journal, October 1973

Parallel electric fields journal, May 1973

Kelvin Helmholtz Instability in Planetary Magnetospheres journal, September 2014

Low-latitude dayside magnetopause and boundary layer for high magnetic shear: 1. Structure and motion
journal, April 1996

Low-latitude dusk flank magnetosheath, magnetopause, and boundary layer for low magnetic shear: Wind observations
journal, September 1997

Auroral ionization and excitation by incident energetic electrons
journal, October 1963

Magnetohydrodynamic and gasdynamic theories for planetary bow waves
book, January 1985

The origins of Birkeland currents
journal, January 1983

Structure of the low-latitude boundary layer: A case study with Geotail data
journal, February 1998

The dependence of the strength and thickness of field-aligned currents on solar wind and ionospheric parameters: FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS
journal, May 2015

Two-dimensional Vlasov solution for a collisionless plasma jet across transverse magnetic field lines with a sheared bulk velocity
journal, September 2005

The statistical mapping of magnetosheath plasma properties based on THEMIS measurements in the magnetosheath interplanetary medium reference frame: MAGNETOSHEATH STATISTICAL MAPPING
journal, August 2013

Ionospheric feedback effects on the quasi-stationary coupling between LLBL and postnoon/evening discrete auroral arcs
journal, January 2008

Vlasov theory of the equilibrium structure of tangential discontinuities in space plasmas
journal, May 1996

Review of Solar Wind Entry into and Transport Within the Plasma Sheet
journal, November 2014

Automatic identification of large-scale field-aligned current structures
journal, November 2000

Enhanced ionosphere-magnetosphere data from the DMSP satellites
journal, January 1985

Ionospheric electrical conductances produced by auroral proton precipitation
journal, January 2001

A high-latitude, low-latitude boundary layer model of the convection current system
journal, January 1991

Generation of large-scale regions of auroral currents, electric potentials, and precipitation by the divergence of the convection electric field
journal, January 1980

Measurements of E region ionization and conductivity produced by solar illumination at high latitudes
journal, January 1984

Theory of the low-latitude boundary layer
journal, January 1980

Solar wind driving of dayside field-aligned currents: SOLAR WIND DRIVING OF CURRENTS
journal, August 2011

Different types of low-latitude boundary layer as observed by Interball Tail probe
journal, July 2001

Electric potential differences across auroral generator interfaces
journal, January 2013

Response of dayside net downward field-aligned current to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field and to substorm perturbations
journal, January 1982

On calculating ionospheric conductances from the flux and energy of precipitating electrons
journal, January 1987

On the field-aligned electric field in the polar cap: PARALLEL ELECTRIC FIELD IN THE POLAR CAP
journal, July 2015

Identification and observations of the plasma mantle at low altitude
journal, January 1991

Sheared magnetospheric plasma flows and discrete auroral arcs: a quasi-static coupling model
journal, January 2007

Dayside field-aligned current source regions: DAYSIDE FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT SOURCE REG
journal, December 2010

Global MHD modeling of the impact of a solar wind pressure change
journal, January 2002

Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside auroral activity and the transfer of momentum across the dayside magnetopause
journal, November 1989

The auroral oval position, structure, and intensity of precipitation from 1984 onward: An automated on-line data base
journal, January 1991

Predicting interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) propagation delay times using the minimum variance technique
journal, January 2003

The low-latitude boundary layer and the boundary plasma sheet at low altitude: Prenoon precipitation regions and convection reversal boundaries
journal, January 1991

Nonlocal stability analysis of the MHD Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a compressible plasma
journal, January 1982

The cusp and the cleft/boundary layer: Low-altitude identification and statistical local time variation
journal, January 1988

Electron observations in the solar wind and magnetosheath
journal, October 1973

Parallel electric fields
journal, May 1973

Kelvin Helmholtz Instability in Planetary Magnetospheres
journal, September 2014