Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries

Estevez, Luis; Reed, David; Nie, Zimin; Schwarz, Ashleigh M.; Nandasiri, Manjula I.; Kizewski, James P.; Wang, Wei; Thomsen, Edwin; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Ji‐Guang; Sprenkle, Vincent; Li, Bin

doi:10.1002/cssc.201600198

Title: Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries

Abstract

Abstract A dual oxidative approach using O ₂ plasma followed by treatment with H ₂ O ₂ to impart oxygen functional groups onto the surface of a graphite felt electrode. When used as electrodes for an all‐vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) system, the energy efficiency of the cell is enhanced by 8.2 % at a current density of 150 mA cm ⁻² compared with one oxidized by thermal treatment in air. More importantly, by varying the oxidative techniques, the amount and type of oxygen groups was tailored and their effects were elucidated. It was found that O−C=O groups improve the cells performance whereas the C−O and C=O groups degrade it. The reason for the increased performance was found to be a reduction in the cell overpotential after functionalization of the graphite felt electrode. This work reveals a route for functionalizing carbon electrodes to improve the performance of VRB cells. This approach can lower the cost of VRB cells and pave the way for more commercially viable stationary energy storage systems that can be used for intermittent renewable energy storage.

Authors:

Estevez, Luis ^[1]; Reed, David ^[1]; Nie, Zimin ^[1]; Schwarz, Ashleigh M. ^[1]; Nandasiri, Manjula I. ^[1]; Kizewski, James P. ^[1]; Wang, Wei ^[1]; Thomsen, Edwin ^[1]; Liu, Jun ^[1]; Zhang, Ji‐Guang ^[1]; Sprenkle, Vincent ^[1]; Li, Bin ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA

Publication Date:: Tue May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1401435

Grant/Contract Number:: 57558; AC05-76L01830

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ChemSusChem

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: ChemSusChem Journal Volume: 9 Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Estevez, Luis, Reed, David, Nie, Zimin, Schwarz, Ashleigh M., Nandasiri, Manjula I., Kizewski, James P., Wang, Wei, Thomsen, Edwin, Liu, Jun, Zhang, Ji‐Guang, Sprenkle, Vincent, and Li, Bin. Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries.  Germany: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/cssc.201600198.

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                    Estevez, Luis, Reed, David, Nie, Zimin, Schwarz, Ashleigh M., Nandasiri, Manjula I., Kizewski, James P., Wang, Wei, Thomsen, Edwin, Liu, Jun, Zhang, Ji‐Guang, Sprenkle, Vincent, & Li, Bin. Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries.  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600198

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                    Estevez, Luis, Reed, David, Nie, Zimin, Schwarz, Ashleigh M., Nandasiri, Manjula I., Kizewski, James P., Wang, Wei, Thomsen, Edwin, Liu, Jun, Zhang, Ji‐Guang, Sprenkle, Vincent, and Li, Bin. Tue .  
"Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries".  Germany.  https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600198.

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@article{osti_1401435,

  title        = {Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries},

  author       = {Estevez, Luis and Reed, David and Nie, Zimin and Schwarz, Ashleigh M. and Nandasiri, Manjula I. and Kizewski, James P. and Wang, Wei and Thomsen, Edwin and Liu, Jun and Zhang, Ji‐Guang and Sprenkle, Vincent and Li, Bin},

  abstractNote = {Abstract A dual oxidative approach using O 2 plasma followed by treatment with H 2 O 2 to impart oxygen functional groups onto the surface of a graphite felt electrode. When used as electrodes for an all‐vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) system, the energy efficiency of the cell is enhanced by 8.2 % at a current density of 150 mA cm −2 compared with one oxidized by thermal treatment in air. More importantly, by varying the oxidative techniques, the amount and type of oxygen groups was tailored and their effects were elucidated. It was found that O−C=O groups improve the cells performance whereas the C−O and C=O groups degrade it. The reason for the increased performance was found to be a reduction in the cell overpotential after functionalization of the graphite felt electrode. This work reveals a route for functionalizing carbon electrodes to improve the performance of VRB cells. This approach can lower the cost of VRB cells and pave the way for more commercially viable stationary energy storage systems that can be used for intermittent renewable energy storage.},

  doi          = {10.1002/cssc.201600198},

  journal      = {ChemSusChem},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {Tue May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Tue May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Title: Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries

Abstract

Citation Formats

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The black silicon method: a universal method for determining the parameter setting of a fluorine-based reactive ion etcher in deep silicon trench etching with profile control
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Highly accurate apparatus for electrochemical characterization of the felt electrodes used in redox flow batteries
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Bismuth Nanoparticle Decorating Graphite Felt as a High-Performance Electrode for an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
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Graphene oxide nanosheets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid as an excellent electrocatalytic material towards VO2+/VO2+ redox couples for vanadium redox flow batteries
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Investigation of Ir-modified carbon felt as the positive electrode of an all-vanadium redox flow battery
journal, August 2007

Thermally reduced graphite and graphene oxides in VRFBs
journal, November 2013

Effect of Some Oxidation Treatments on the Textural Characteristics and Surface Chemical Nature of an Activated Carbon
journal, February 2000

Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
journal, May 2015

Probing Electrode Losses in All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Impedance Spectroscopy
journal, January 2013

New All-Vanadium Redox Flow Cell
journal, January 1986

Electrically pumped hybrid AlGaInAs-silicon evanescent laser
journal, January 2006

The effects of surface modification on carbon felt electrodes for use in vanadium redox flow batteries
journal, December 2011

Graphite Felt Modified with Bismuth Nanoparticles as Negative Electrode in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
journal, February 2014

Nanoparticle-coated separators for lithium-ion batteries with advanced electrochemical performance
journal, January 2011