Phase coexistence and electric-field control of toroidal order in oxide superlattices

Damodaran, A. R.; Clarkson, J. D.; Hong, Z.; Liu, H.; Yadav, A. K.; Nelson, C. T.; Hsu, S. -L.; McCarter, M. Â R.; Park, K. -D.; Kravtsov, V.; Farhan, A.; Dong, Y.; Cai, Z.; Zhou, H.; Aguado-Puente, P.; Garcia-Fernandez, P.; Iniguez, J.; Junquera, J.; Scholl, A.; Raschke, M. B.; Chen, L. -Q.; Fong, D. D.; Ramesh, R.; Martin, L. W.

doi:10.1038/NMAT4951

Title: Phase coexistence and electric-field control of toroidal order in oxide superlattices

Journal Article · Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 UTC 2017 · Nature Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/NMAT4951 · OSTI ID:1400404

^[1]; Clarkson, J. D. ^[1]; Hong, Z. ^[2]; Liu, H. ^[3];

^[1]; Nelson, C. T. ^[1]; Hsu, S. -L. ^[1]; McCarter, M. Â R. ^[4]; Park, K. -D. ^[5];

^[5];

^[6]; Dong, Y. ^[3]; Cai, Z. ^[3]; Zhou, H. ^[3]; Aguado-Puente, P. ^[7]; Garcia-Fernandez, P. ^[8]; Iniguez, J. ^[9];

^[8]; Scholl, A. ^[6]; Raschke, M. B. ^[5] more »

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. del Pais Vasco, San Sebastian (Spain); Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastian (Spain)
Univ. de Cantabria, Santander (Spain)
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette (Luxembourg)

Systems that exhibit phase competition, order parameter coexistence, and emergent order parameter topologies constitute a major part of modern condensed-matter physics. Here, by applying a range of characterization techniques, and simulations, we observe that in PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃ superlattices all of these effects can be found. By exploring superlattice period-, temperature- and field-dependent evolution of these structures, we observe several new features. First, it is possible to engineer phase coexistence mediated by a first-order phase transition between an emergent, low-temperature vortex phase with electric toroidal order and a high-temperature ferroelectric a₁/a₂ phase. At room temperature, the coexisting vortex and ferroelectric phases form a mesoscale, fibre-textured hierarchical superstructure. The vortex phase possesses an axial polarization, set by the net polarization of the surrounding ferroelectric domains, such that it possesses a multi-order-parameter state and belongs to a class of gyrotropic electrotoroidal compounds. Finally, application of electric fields to this mixed-phase system permits interconversion between the vortex and the ferroelectric phases concomitant with order-of-magnitude changes in piezoelectric and nonlinear optical responses. Here, our findings suggest new cross-coupled functionalities.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Luxembourg National Research Fund; National Science Foundation (NSF); Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); U.S. Army Research Office (ARO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; FG02-07ER46417; SC0008807; SC0012375

OSTI ID:: 1400404

Journal Information:: Nature Materials, Journal Name: Nature Materials Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 16; ISSN 1476-1122

Publisher:: Springer Nature - Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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