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Title: A single-pixel X-ray imager concept and its application to secure radiographic inspections

Abstract

Imaging technology is generally considered too invasive for arms control inspections due to the concern that it cannot properly secure sensitive features of the inspected item. But, this same sensitive information, which could include direct information on the form and function of the items under inspection, could be used for robust arms control inspections. The single-pixel X-ray imager (SPXI) is introduced as a method to make such inspections, capturing the salient spatial information of an object in a secure manner while never forming an actual image. We built this method on the theory of compressive sensing and the single pixel optical camera. The performance of the system is quantified using simulated inspections of simple objects. Measures of the robustness and security of the method are introduced and used to determine how robust and secure such an inspection would be. Particularly, it is found that an inspection with low noise (<1%) and high undersampling (>256×) exhibits high robustness and security.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Nonproliferation and Verification Research and Development (NA-22); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
OSTI Identifier:
1349077
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1397795
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-122169
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; PII: S0168900217303650
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830; NA-22
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 861; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; compressive sensing; radiography; arms control

Citation Formats

Gilbert, Andrew J., Miller, Brian W., Robinson, Sean M., White, Timothy A., Pitts, William Karl, Jarman, Kenneth D., and Seifert, Allen. A single-pixel X-ray imager concept and its application to secure radiographic inspections. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.028.
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Gilbert, Andrew J., Miller, Brian W., Robinson, Sean M., White, Timothy A., Pitts, William Karl, Jarman, Kenneth D., & Seifert, Allen. A single-pixel X-ray imager concept and its application to secure radiographic inspections. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.028
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Gilbert, Andrew J., Miller, Brian W., Robinson, Sean M., White, Timothy A., Pitts, William Karl, Jarman, Kenneth D., and Seifert, Allen. Sat . "A single-pixel X-ray imager concept and its application to secure radiographic inspections". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.028. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1349077.
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@article{osti_1349077,
title = {A single-pixel X-ray imager concept and its application to secure radiographic inspections},
author = {Gilbert, Andrew J. and Miller, Brian W. and Robinson, Sean M. and White, Timothy A. and Pitts, William Karl and Jarman, Kenneth D. and Seifert, Allen},
abstractNote = {Imaging technology is generally considered too invasive for arms control inspections due to the concern that it cannot properly secure sensitive features of the inspected item. But, this same sensitive information, which could include direct information on the form and function of the items under inspection, could be used for robust arms control inspections. The single-pixel X-ray imager (SPXI) is introduced as a method to make such inspections, capturing the salient spatial information of an object in a secure manner while never forming an actual image. We built this method on the theory of compressive sensing and the single pixel optical camera. The performance of the system is quantified using simulated inspections of simple objects. Measures of the robustness and security of the method are introduced and used to determine how robust and secure such an inspection would be. Particularly, it is found that an inspection with low noise (<1%) and high undersampling (>256×) exhibits high robustness and security.},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.028},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
number = C,
volume = 861,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Sat Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.03.028
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