DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Development of inert density mock materials for HMX

Journal Article · · Journal of Energetic Materials

Inert surrogates or mocks for high explosives are commonly used in place of the real material for complex experiments or in situations where safety is a concern. We tested several materials as potential mocks for HMX in terms of density, thermal stability, and processability. Selection criteria were developed and a literature search was conducted primarily using the Cambridge Structural Database. Moreover, out of over 200 potentially acceptable materials, six were chosen for crystallization experiments and a suite of analytical characterization. Of these six, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, N,N'-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)oxamide, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzamide all were found to be thermally stable at 150°C, matched HMX density as a pressed pellet, and could be crystallized to appropriate particle sizes. These three materials are considered suitable inert density mocks for HMX and will be the subject of future testing.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1396130
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--17-24110
Journal Information:
Journal of Energetic Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Energetic Materials Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 36; ISSN 0737-0652
Publisher:
Taylor & FrancisCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (28)

Damage & Fracture of High-Explosive Mock Subject to Cyclic Loading book January 2011
On the effect of grain size on shock sensitivity of heterogeneous high explosives journal April 1997
The Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Metronidazole-derived Compounds journal April 2008
Mechanical properties of powders for compaction and tableting: an overview journal January 1999
High-speed synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging for analysis of low-Z composite microstructure journal June 2012
X-Ray Powder Data for Acetaminophen (C 8 H 9 NO 2 ) journal June 1988
Particle size effects on the mechanical properties of a polymer bonded explosive journal February 2004
Thermal and mechanical response of PBX 9501 under contact excitation journal February 2013
Measurement of the stress/strain response of energetic materials as a function of strain rate and temperature: PBX 9501 and Mock 9501
  • Funk, David J.; Laabs, Gary W.; Peterson, Paul D.
  • Proceedings of the conference of the American Physical Society topical group on shock compression of condensed matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.50735
conference January 1996
Particle characterization of pressed granular HMX
  • Burnside, N. J.; Son, S. F.; Asay, B. W.
  • The tenth American Physical Society topical conference on shock compression of condensed matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.55665
conference January 1998
Porous HMX initiation studies—sugar as an inert simulant
  • Sheffield, S. A.; Gustavsen, R. L.; Alcon, R. R.
  • The tenth American Physical Society topical conference on shock compression of condensed matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.55703
conference January 1998
Comparison of New and Legacy TATBs journal April 2008
In situ investigation of the dynamic response of energetic materials using IMPULSE at the Advanced Photon Source journal May 2014
Shock initiation experiments with ignition and growth modeling on low density HMX journal May 2014
Quasi–static studies of the deformation and failure of PBX 9501
  • Rae, P. J.; Palmer, S. J. P.; Goldrein, H. T.
  • Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 458, Issue 2025 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2002.0967
journal September 2002
High strain rate properties of a polymer-bonded sugar: their dependence on applied and internal constraints journal January 2008
The crystal structure of α-HMX and a refinement of the structure of β-HMX journal July 1963
The crystal and molecular structure of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine journal March 1965
The crystal structure of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene journal May 1965
The crystal structure of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine journal September 1972
Refinement of pentaerythritol journal October 1979
2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzamide journal October 2003
Pentafluorophenylboronic acid journal November 2004
4,5-Methylenedithio-1,3-dithiol-2-one journal January 2005
The Cambridge Structural Database
  • Groom, Colin R.; Bruno, Ian J.; Lightfoot, Matthew P.
  • Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, Vol. 72, Issue 2, p. 171-179 https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052520616003954
journal April 2016
Sucrose: Precise Determination of Crystal and Molecular Structure by Neutron Diffraction journal September 1963
Mechanical behavior assessment of sucrose using nanoindentation journal July 2007
Compacting Plastic-Bonded Explosive Molding Powders to Dense Solids report April 2005

Cited By (2)

Novel Capability for Microscale In-situ Imaging of Temperature and Deformation Fields under Dynamic Loading journal March 2019
Indentation fracture behavior of energetic and inert molecular crystals journal November 2019