Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora

Carlsen, Tina M.; Espeland, Erin K.; Paterson, Lisa E.; MacQueen, Don H.

doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y

Title: Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora

Abstract

Grasslands can be diverse assemblages of grasses and forbs but not much is known how perennial grass species management affects native plant diversity except in a few instances. We studied the use of late-spring prescribed burns over a span of 11 years where the perennial grass Poa secunda was the foundation species, with four additional years of measurements after the final burn. We also evaluated burn effects on P. secunda, the rare native annual forb Amsinckia grandiflora and local native and exotic species. Annual burning maintained P. secunda number, resulted in significant expansion, the lowest thatch and exotic grass cover, the highest percentage of bare ground, but also the lowest native forb and highest exotic forb cover. Burning approximately every 3 years maintained a lower number of P. secunda plants, allowed for expansion, and resulted in the highest native forb cover with a low exotic grass cover. Burning approximately every 5 years and the control (burned once from a wildfire) resulted in a decline in P. secunda number, the highest exotic grass and thatch cover and the lowest percentage of bare ground. P. secunda numbers were maintained up to 4 years after the final burn. And while local native forbsmore »« less

Authors:

Carlsen, Tina M. ^[1]; Espeland, Erin K. ^[2]; Paterson, Lisa E. ^[3]; MacQueen, Don H. ^[4]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Biosciences and Biotechnology Dept.
USDA-ARS Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab., Sidney (United States). Pest Management Research Unit
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Environmental Functional Area
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Computations Dept.

Publication Date:: Tue Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1395525

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-703563
Journal ID: ISSN 0960-3115; PII: 1376

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Biodiversity and Conservation

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0960-3115

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; Native California forbs; Native California grasses; Perennial grassland restoration; Enhancing native flora

Citation Formats


                    Carlsen, Tina M., Espeland, Erin K., Paterson, Lisa E., and MacQueen, Don H. Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y.

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                    Carlsen, Tina M., Espeland, Erin K., Paterson, Lisa E., & MacQueen, Don H. Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y

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                    Carlsen, Tina M., Espeland, Erin K., Paterson, Lisa E., and MacQueen, Don H. Tue .  
"Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1395525.

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@article{osti_1395525,

  title        = {Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora},

  author       = {Carlsen, Tina M. and Espeland, Erin K. and Paterson, Lisa E. and MacQueen, Don H.},

  abstractNote = {Grasslands can be diverse assemblages of grasses and forbs but not much is known how perennial grass species management affects native plant diversity except in a few instances. We studied the use of late-spring prescribed burns over a span of 11 years where the perennial grass Poa secunda was the foundation species, with four additional years of measurements after the final burn. We also evaluated burn effects on P. secunda, the rare native annual forb Amsinckia grandiflora and local native and exotic species. Annual burning maintained P. secunda number, resulted in significant expansion, the lowest thatch and exotic grass cover, the highest percentage of bare ground, but also the lowest native forb and highest exotic forb cover. Burning approximately every 3 years maintained a lower number of P. secunda plants, allowed for expansion, and resulted in the highest native forb cover with a low exotic grass cover. Burning approximately every 5 years and the control (burned once from a wildfire) resulted in a decline in P. secunda number, the highest exotic grass and thatch cover and the lowest percentage of bare ground. P. secunda numbers were maintained up to 4 years after the final burn. And while local native forbs benefited from burning approximately every 3 years, planted A. grandiflora performed best in the control treatment. A. grandiflora did not occur naturally at the site; therefore, no seed bank was present to provide across-year protection from the effects of the burns. Thus, perennial grass species management must also consider other native species life history and phenology to enhance native flora diversity.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y},

  journal      = {Biodiversity and Conservation},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 26,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Tue Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1376-y

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Title: Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora

Abstract

Citation Formats

Fire and dynamics of granivory on a California grassland forb journal, February 2005

Exotic plants increase and native plants decrease with loss of foundation species in sagebrush steppe journal, August 2009

Conservation Biology of California’s Remnant Native Grasslands book, January 1989

Burning Controls Barb Goatgrass ( Aegilops triuncialis ) in California Grasslands for at Least 7 Years journal, September 2015

Confronting complexity: fire policy choices in South African savanna parks journal, January 2003

Phytolith evidence for the extent and nature of prehistoric Californian grasslands journal, August 2013

Fire and competition in a southern California grassland: impacts on the rare forb Erodium macrophyllum: Fire and competition in a California grassland journal, July 2004

The contribution of fire research to fire management: a critical review of a long-term experiment in the Kruger National Park, South Africa journal, January 2007

Responses of a Remnant California Native Bunchgrass Population to Grazing, Burning and Climatic Variation journal, November 2005

Restoration of Native Perennials in a California Annual Grassland after Prescribed Spring Burning and Solarization journal, December 2005

Responses of Erodium to Varying Microsites: The Role of Germination Cueing journal, October 1985

Restoration of California Native Grasses and Clovers: The Roles of Clipping, Broadleaf Herbicide, and Native Grass Density journal, December 2008

Sources of the Naturalized Grasses and Herbs in California Grasslands book, January 1989

Fire research for conservation management in tropical savannas: Introducing the Kapalga fire experiment journal, April 1998

Ecological diversity and resilience of Mediterranean vegetation to disturbance journal, January 1999

Short-term response of rangeland following an unplanned fire in terms of soil characteristics in a semi-arid climate of South Africa journal, September 2003

Seed and establishment limitation contribute to long-term native forb declines in California grasslands journal, June 2012

Ecological Origins of California's Mediterranean Grasses journal, July 1985

Species Interactions Reverse Grassland Responses to Changing Climate journal, February 2007

Competition, seed Limitation, Disturbance, and Reestablishment of California Native Annual Forbs journal, June 2003

Burning and Grazing Management in a California Grassland: Growth, Mortality, and Recruitment of Nassella pulchra journal, September 2003

Response of a Native Perennial Grass Stand to Disturbance in California's Coast Range Grassland journal, June 2004

Fire management for biodiversity conservation: Key research questions and our capacity to answer them journal, September 2010

Differing Effects of Cattle Grazing on Native and Alien Plants journal, December 2003

Burning and Grazing Management in a California Grassland: Effect on Bunchgrass Seed Viability journal, March 2002

Effects of Burning and Grazing on a Coastal California Grassland journal, December 1999

Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe journal, September 2014

Contrasting relationships between precipitation and species richness in space and time journal, February 2007

Testing the grass-fire cycle: alien grass invasion in the tropical savannas of northern Australia journal, May 2003

Invasive grasses and native Asteraceae in the Brazilian Cerrado journal, February 2010

Competition Between Native Perennial and Exotic Annual Grasses: Implications for an Historical Invasion journal, May 2004

Ecological Heterogeneity in the Effects of Grazing and Fire on Grassland Diversity journal, June 2003

Direct and indirect effects of exotic annual grasses on species composition of a South Australian grassland journal, February 2003

Disturbance, Diversity, and Invasion: Implications for Conservation journal, September 1992

Invasion by Non-Native Annual Grasses: The Importance of Species Biomass, Composition, and Time Among California Native Grasses of the Central Valley journal, December 2006

Fire and the dynamics of a semi-arid grassland: influence on soil characteristics journal, December 2002

Prescribed burning for control of yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) and enhanced native plant diversity journal, April 1999

Fire and dynamics of granivory on a California grassland forb
journal, February 2005

Exotic plants increase and native plants decrease with loss of foundation species in sagebrush steppe
journal, August 2009

Conservation Biology of California’s Remnant Native Grasslands
book, January 1989

Burning Controls Barb Goatgrass ( Aegilops triuncialis ) in California Grasslands for at Least 7 Years
journal, September 2015

Confronting complexity: fire policy choices in South African savanna parks
journal, January 2003

Phytolith evidence for the extent and nature of prehistoric Californian grasslands
journal, August 2013

Fire and competition in a southern California grassland: impacts on the rare forb Erodium macrophyllum: Fire and competition in a California grassland
journal, July 2004

The contribution of fire research to fire management: a critical review of a long-term experiment in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
journal, January 2007

Responses of a Remnant California Native Bunchgrass Population to Grazing, Burning and Climatic Variation
journal, November 2005

Restoration of Native Perennials in a California Annual Grassland after Prescribed Spring Burning and Solarization
journal, December 2005

Responses of Erodium to Varying Microsites: The Role of Germination Cueing
journal, October 1985

Restoration of California Native Grasses and Clovers: The Roles of Clipping, Broadleaf Herbicide, and Native Grass Density
journal, December 2008

Sources of the Naturalized Grasses and Herbs in California Grasslands
book, January 1989

Fire research for conservation management in tropical savannas: Introducing the Kapalga fire experiment
journal, April 1998

Ecological diversity and resilience of Mediterranean vegetation to disturbance
journal, January 1999

Short-term response of rangeland following an unplanned fire in terms of soil characteristics in a semi-arid climate of South Africa
journal, September 2003

Seed and establishment limitation contribute to long-term native forb declines in California grasslands
journal, June 2012

Ecological Origins of California's Mediterranean Grasses
journal, July 1985

Species Interactions Reverse Grassland Responses to Changing Climate
journal, February 2007

Competition, seed Limitation, Disturbance, and Reestablishment of California Native Annual Forbs
journal, June 2003

Burning and Grazing Management in a California Grassland: Growth, Mortality, and Recruitment of Nassella pulchra
journal, September 2003

Response of a Native Perennial Grass Stand to Disturbance in California's Coast Range Grassland
journal, June 2004

Fire management for biodiversity conservation: Key research questions and our capacity to answer them
journal, September 2010

Differing Effects of Cattle Grazing on Native and Alien Plants
journal, December 2003

Burning and Grazing Management in a California Grassland: Effect on Bunchgrass Seed Viability
journal, March 2002

Effects of Burning and Grazing on a Coastal California Grassland
journal, December 1999

Predicting foundation bunchgrass species abundances: model-assisted decision-making in protected-area sagebrush steppe
journal, September 2014

Contrasting relationships between precipitation and species richness in space and time
journal, February 2007

Testing the grass-fire cycle: alien grass invasion in the tropical savannas of northern Australia
journal, May 2003

Invasive grasses and native Asteraceae in the Brazilian Cerrado
journal, February 2010

Competition Between Native Perennial and Exotic Annual Grasses: Implications for an Historical Invasion
journal, May 2004

Ecological Heterogeneity in the Effects of Grazing and Fire on Grassland Diversity
journal, June 2003

Direct and indirect effects of exotic annual grasses on species composition of a South Australian grassland
journal, February 2003

Disturbance, Diversity, and Invasion: Implications for Conservation
journal, September 1992

Invasion by Non-Native Annual Grasses: The Importance of Species Biomass, Composition, and Time Among California Native Grasses of the Central Valley
journal, December 2006

Fire and the dynamics of a semi-arid grassland: influence on soil characteristics
journal, December 2002

Prescribed burning for control of yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) and enhanced native plant diversity
journal, April 1999