First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis

Ethier, Jacob J.; Sato, Nobuo; Melnitchouk, Wally

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.132001

Title: First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis

Abstract

In this paper, we perform the first global QCD analysis of polarized inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and single-inclusive $e^+e^-$ annihilation data, simultaneously fitting the parton distribution and fragmentation functions using the iterative Monte Carlo method. Without imposing SU(3) symmetry relations, we find the strange polarization to be very small, consistent with zero for both inclusive and semi-inclusive data, which provides a resolution to the strange quark polarization puzzle. Finally, the combined analysis also allows the direct extraction from data of the isovector and octet axial charges, and is consistent with a small SU(2) flavor asymmetry in the polarized sea.

Authors:

Ethier, Jacob J. ^[1]; Sato, Nobuo ^[2]; Melnitchouk, Wally ^[3]

College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Org.:: Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1395951

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1394857

Report Number(s):: JLAB-THY-17-2464; DOE/OR/23177-4135; arXiv:1705.05889
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177; FG-04ER41309

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 119; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; deep inelastic scattering; quantum chromodynamics; strange quark; Monte Carlo methods; particles & fields

Citation Formats


                    Ethier, Jacob J., Sato, Nobuo, and Melnitchouk, Wally. First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.132001.

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                    Ethier, Jacob J., Sato, Nobuo, & Melnitchouk, Wally. First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.132001

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                    Ethier, Jacob J., Sato, Nobuo, and Melnitchouk, Wally. Tue .  
"First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.132001.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1395951.

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@article{osti_1395951,

  title        = {First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis},

  author       = {Ethier, Jacob J. and Sato, Nobuo and Melnitchouk, Wally},

  abstractNote = {In this paper, we perform the first global QCD analysis of polarized inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and single-inclusive $e^+e^-$ annihilation data, simultaneously fitting the parton distribution and fragmentation functions using the iterative Monte Carlo method. Without imposing SU(3) symmetry relations, we find the strange polarization to be very small, consistent with zero for both inclusive and semi-inclusive data, which provides a resolution to the strange quark polarization puzzle. Finally, the combined analysis also allows the direct extraction from data of the isovector and octet axial charges, and is consistent with a small SU(2) flavor asymmetry in the polarized sea.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.132001},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 13,

  volume       = 119,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Tue Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Charged Hadron Composition of the Final State in e+ e- Annihilation at High-Energies
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arXiv
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Title: First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis

Abstract

Citation Formats

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A 2 and the spin-structure function g 2 of the proton journal, March 2012

Deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized He 3 and the study of the neutron spin structure journal, December 1996

Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in the Sea of the Nucleon journal, October 2000

Extraction of spin-dependent parton densities and their uncertainties journal, August 2009

Fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy journal, December 2015

Production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in e + e − annihilations into hadrons at s = 10.54 GeV journal, August 2013

Global parton distributions with nuclear and finite- Q 2 corrections journal, May 2013

Charged Hadron Production in e + e − Annihilation at 29 GeV journal, February 1984

Precision Measurement of Charged Pion and Kaon Differential Cross Sections in e + e − Annihilation at s = 10.52 GeV journal, August 2013

Charged pion, kaon, proton and antiproton production in high energy e+e− annihilations journal, August 1980

New Measurement of Deep-Inelastic e − p Asymmetries journal, September 1983

Charged hadron composition of the final state ine + e − annihilation at high energies journal, March 1983

An investigation of the spin structure of the proton in deep inelastic scattering of polarised muons on polarised protons journal, December 1989

Measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetry A2 journal, July 1999

Parton-to-pion fragmentation reloaded journal, January 2015

Charged-Hadron Inclusive Cross Sections and Fractions in e + e − Annihilation at s = 29 GeV journal, September 1988

Inclusive ?�, K� and $$(p,\bar p)$$ differential cross-sections at the Z resonance journal, September 1995

Determination of fragmentation functions and their uncertainties journal, May 2007

Hadron production in e + e − annihilation at √s =29 GeV journal, May 1987

New analysis concerning the strange quark polarization puzzle journal, March 2015

Determination of polarized parton densities from a QCD analysis of inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data journal, December 2010

A first unbiased global determination of polarized PDFs and their uncertainties journal, October 2014

Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions journal, April 2016

QCD analysis of polarized deep inelastic scattering data journal, December 2010

Nucleon spin structure functions at NNLO in the presence of target mass corrections and higher twist effects journal, April 2017

Leading particle production in light flavour jets journal, September 2000

Measurement of parity-violating spin asymmetries in W ± production at midrapidity in longitudinally polarized p + p collisions journal, March 2016

Measurement of Longitudinal Spin Asymmetries for Weak Boson Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at RHIC journal, August 2014

Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs journal, May 2015

Structure functions in the bag model journal, November 1991

Global analysis of fragmentation functions for pions and kaons and their uncertainties journal, June 2007

Inclusive measurements of the production in hadronic Z0 decays journal, June 1995

The anomalous gluon contribution to polarized leptoproduction journal, September 1988

Spin asymmetries A 1 of the proton and the deuteron in the low x and low Q 2 region from polarized high energy muon scattering journal, September 1999

Measurements of the Q2-dependence of the proton and neutron spin structure functions g1p and g1n journal, November 2000

Determination of gluon polarization from deep inelastic scattering and collider data journal, May 2009

Evidence for Polarization of Gluons in the Proton journal, July 2014

Quark helicity distributions in the nucleon for up, down, and strange quarks from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering journal, January 2005

Possible resolution of the strange quark polarization puzzle? journal, July 2011

Strangeness Contribution to the Proton Spin from Lattice QCD journal, May 2012

Precise determination of the spin structure function g 1 of the proton, deuteron, and neutron journal, January 2007

Precision Determination of the Neutron Spin Structure Function g 1 n journal, July 1997

Strangeness in the nucleon on the light cone journal, January 1997

Production of π + , π − , K + , K − , p , and p ¯ in light ( uds ) , c , and b jets from Z 0 decays journal, April 2004

Measurements of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g 1 and g 2 journal, October 1998

Inclusive production of charged pions, charged and neutral kaons and antiprotons ine + e − annihilation at 10 GeV and in direct Upsilon decays journal, December 1989

Measurement of the production rates of charged hadrons ine + e ?-annihilation at theZ 0 journal, June 1994

Small- x asymptotics of the quark helicity distribution: Analytic results journal, September 2017

The spin structure of the nucleon journal, April 2013

Precision measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetries A2 journal, January 2003

A determination of the fragmentation functions of pions, kaons, and protons with faithful uncertainties: The NNPDF Collaboration journal, August 2017

Possible strength of the non-perturbative strange sea of the nucleon journal, June 1987

Generalized parton distributions journal, December 2003

Flavour separation of helicity distributions from deep inelastic muon–deuteron scattering journal, September 2009

Towards a global analysis of polarized parton distributions journal, November 2001

Measurement of the deuteron spin structure function g1d(x) for 1 (GeV/c)2<Q2<40 (GeV/c)2 journal, September 1999

Spin asymmetries A 1 and structure functions g 1 of the proton and the deuteron from polarized high energy muon scattering journal, October 1998

First Monte Carlo analysis of fragmentation functions from single-inclusive e + e − annihilation journal, December 2016

Quark helicity distributions from longitudinal spin asymmetries in muon–proton and muon–deuteron scattering journal, October 2010

Flavor structure of the nucleon sea from lattice QCD journal, March 2015

Parton-to-kaon fragmentation revisited journal, May 2017

Measurement of inclusive particle spectra and test of MLLA prediction in e+e− annihilation at journal, February 1995

Nucleon parton distributions at low normalization point in the large Nc limit journal, November 1996

Updated lattice results for parton distributions journal, July 2017

Pion, kaon and proton cross sections ine + e − annihilation at 34 GeV and 44 GeV c.m. energy journal, June 1989

Monte Carlo simulations of hadronic fragmentation functions using the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio–jet model journal, June 2011

Measurement of the neutron spin structure function gn1 with a polarized 3He internal target journal, July 1997

Updated lattice results for parton distributions text, January 2017

The spin structure of the nucleon journal, January 2005

Quark helicity distributions in the nucleon for up, down, and strange quarks from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering text, January 2005

The spin structure of the nucleon journal, January 1994

Generalized Parton Distributions conference, January 2007

Qcd Analysis of Polarized deep Inelastic Scattering data conference, January 2012

The Spin Structure of the Nucleon conference, November 2011

Quark helicity distributions from longitudinal spin asymmetries in muon-proton and muon-deuteron scattering journal, May 2011

Charged Hadron Composition of the Final State in e+ e- Annihilation at High-Energies text, January 1982

Flavour Separation of Helicity Distributions from Deep Inelastic Muon-Deuteron Scattering text, January 2009

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A 2 and the spin-structure function g 2 of the proton
journal, March 2012

Deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized ${}^{3}{He}$ and the study of the neutron spin structure
journal, December 1996

Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in the Sea of the Nucleon
journal, October 2000

Extraction of spin-dependent parton densities and their uncertainties
journal, August 2009

Fragmentation functions at next-to-next-to-leading order accuracy
journal, December 2015

Production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilations into hadrons at $\sqrt{s} = 10.54 GeV$
journal, August 2013

Global parton distributions with nuclear and finite- $Q^{2}$ corrections
journal, May 2013

Charged Hadron Production in $e^{+} e^{-}$ Annihilation at 29 GeV
journal, February 1984

Precision Measurement of Charged Pion and Kaon Differential Cross Sections in $e^{+} e^{-}$ Annihilation at $\sqrt{s} = 10.52 GeV$
journal, August 2013

Charged pion, kaon, proton and antiproton production in high energy e+e− annihilations
journal, August 1980

New Measurement of Deep-Inelastic $e - p$ Asymmetries
journal, September 1983

Charged hadron composition of the final state ine + e − annihilation at high energies
journal, March 1983

An investigation of the spin structure of the proton in deep inelastic scattering of polarised muons on polarised protons
journal, December 1989

Measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetry A2
journal, July 1999

Parton-to-pion fragmentation reloaded
journal, January 2015

Charged-Hadron Inclusive Cross Sections and Fractions in $e^{+} e^{-}$ Annihilation at $\sqrt{s} = 29$ GeV
journal, September 1988

Inclusive ?�, K� and $$(p,\bar p)$$ differential cross-sections at the Z resonance
journal, September 1995

Determination of fragmentation functions and their uncertainties
journal, May 2007

Hadron production in $e^{+}$ $e^{-}$ annihilation at √s =29 GeV
journal, May 1987

New analysis concerning the strange quark polarization puzzle
journal, March 2015

Determination of polarized parton densities from a QCD analysis of inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data
journal, December 2010

A first unbiased global determination of polarized PDFs and their uncertainties
journal, October 2014

Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions
journal, April 2016

QCD analysis of polarized deep inelastic scattering data
journal, December 2010

Nucleon spin structure functions at NNLO in the presence of target mass corrections and higher twist effects
journal, April 2017

Leading particle production in light flavour jets
journal, September 2000

Measurement of parity-violating spin asymmetries in $W^{\pm}$ production at midrapidity in longitudinally polarized $p + p$ collisions
journal, March 2016

Measurement of Longitudinal Spin Asymmetries for Weak Boson Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at RHIC
journal, August 2014

Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs
journal, May 2015

Structure functions in the bag model
journal, November 1991

Global analysis of fragmentation functions for pions and kaons and their uncertainties
journal, June 2007

Inclusive measurements of the production in hadronic Z0 decays
journal, June 1995

The anomalous gluon contribution to polarized leptoproduction
journal, September 1988

Spin asymmetries $A_{1}$ of the proton and the deuteron in the low x and low $Q^{2}$ region from polarized high energy muon scattering
journal, September 1999

Measurements of the Q2-dependence of the proton and neutron spin structure functions g1p and g1n
journal, November 2000

Determination of gluon polarization from deep inelastic scattering and collider data
journal, May 2009

Evidence for Polarization of Gluons in the Proton
journal, July 2014

Quark helicity distributions in the nucleon for up, down, and strange quarks from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
journal, January 2005

Possible resolution of the strange quark polarization puzzle?
journal, July 2011

Strangeness Contribution to the Proton Spin from Lattice QCD
journal, May 2012

Precise determination of the spin structure function $g_{1}$ of the proton, deuteron, and neutron
journal, January 2007

Precision Determination of the Neutron Spin Structure Function $g_{1}^{n}$
journal, July 1997

Strangeness in the nucleon on the light cone
journal, January 1997

Production of $π^{+},$ $π^{-},$ $K^{+},$ $K^{-},$ $p,$ and $\bar{p}$ in light $(uds),$ $c,$ and $b$ jets from $Z^{0}$ decays
journal, April 2004

Measurements of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions $g_{1}$ and $g_{2}$
journal, October 1998

Inclusive production of charged pions, charged and neutral kaons and antiprotons ine + e − annihilation at 10 GeV and in direct Upsilon decays
journal, December 1989

Measurement of the production rates of charged hadrons ine + e ?-annihilation at theZ 0
journal, June 1994

Small- x asymptotics of the quark helicity distribution: Analytic results
journal, September 2017

The spin structure of the nucleon
journal, April 2013

Precision measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetries A2
journal, January 2003

A determination of the fragmentation functions of pions, kaons, and protons with faithful uncertainties: The NNPDF Collaboration
journal, August 2017

Possible strength of the non-perturbative strange sea of the nucleon
journal, June 1987

Generalized parton distributions
journal, December 2003

Flavour separation of helicity distributions from deep inelastic muon–deuteron scattering
journal, September 2009

Towards a global analysis of polarized parton distributions
journal, November 2001

Measurement of the deuteron spin structure function g1d(x) for 1 (GeV/c)2<Q2<40 (GeV/c)2
journal, September 1999

Spin asymmetries $A_{1}$ and structure functions $g_{1}$ of the proton and the deuteron from polarized high energy muon scattering
journal, October 1998

First Monte Carlo analysis of fragmentation functions from single-inclusive $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation
journal, December 2016

Quark helicity distributions from longitudinal spin asymmetries in muon–proton and muon–deuteron scattering
journal, October 2010

Flavor structure of the nucleon sea from lattice QCD
journal, March 2015

Parton-to-kaon fragmentation revisited
journal, May 2017

Measurement of inclusive particle spectra and test of MLLA prediction in e+e− annihilation at
journal, February 1995

Nucleon parton distributions at low normalization point in the large Nc limit
journal, November 1996

Updated lattice results for parton distributions
journal, July 2017

Pion, kaon and proton cross sections ine + e − annihilation at 34 GeV and 44 GeV c.m. energy
journal, June 1989

Monte Carlo simulations of hadronic fragmentation functions using the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio–jet model
journal, June 2011

Measurement of the neutron spin structure function gn1 with a polarized 3He internal target
journal, July 1997

Updated lattice results for parton distributions
text, January 2017

The spin structure of the nucleon
journal, January 2005

Quark helicity distributions in the nucleon for up, down, and strange quarks from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
text, January 2005

The spin structure of the nucleon
journal, January 1994

Generalized Parton Distributions
conference, January 2007

Qcd Analysis of Polarized deep Inelastic Scattering data
conference, January 2012

The Spin Structure of the Nucleon
conference, November 2011

Quark helicity distributions from longitudinal spin asymmetries in muon-proton and muon-deuteron scattering
journal, May 2011

Charged Hadron Composition of the Final State in e+ e- Annihilation at High-Energies
text, January 1982

Flavour Separation of Helicity Distributions from Deep Inelastic Muon-Deuteron Scattering
text, January 2009

QCD Analysis of Polarized Deep Inelastic Scattering Data
text, January 2010

A Possible Resolution of the Strange Quark Polarization Puzzle ?
text, January 2011

Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A2 and the spin-structure function g2 of the proton
text, January 2011