Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

Zhang, Hanguang; Hwang, Sooyeon; Wang, Maoyu; Feng, Zhenxing; Karakalos, Stavros; Luo, Langli; Qiao, Zhi; Xie, Xiaohong; Wang, Chongmin; Su, Dong; Shao, Yuyan; Wu, Gang

doi:10.1021/jacs.7b06514

Title: Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

Journal Article · Wed Sep 13 04:00:00 UTC 2017 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b06514 · OSTI ID:1394763

Zhang, Hanguang ^[1]; Hwang, Sooyeon ^[2]; Wang, Maoyu ^[3];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5]; Qiao, Zhi ^[1]; Xie, Xiaohong ^[5];

^[5];

^[2]; Shao, Yuyan ^[5];

^[1]

State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States). School of Chemical and Biological and Environmental Engineering
Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

It remains a grand challenge to replace platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts with earth-abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media, which is crucial for large-scale deployment of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). We report a high-performance atomic Fe catalyst derived from chemically Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) by directly bonding Fe ions to imidazolate ligands within 3D frameworks. Although the ZIF was identified as a promising precursor, the new synthetic chemistry enables the creation of well-dispersed atomic Fe sites embedded into porous carbon without the formation of aggregates. The size of catalyst particles is tunable through synthesizing Fe-doped ZIF nanocrystal precursors in a wide range from 20 to 1000 nm followed by one-step thermal activation. Similar to Pt nanoparticles, the unique size control without altering chemical properties afforded by this approach is able to increase the number of PGM-free active sites. The best ORR activity is measured with the catalyst at a size of 50 nm. Further size reduction to 20 nm leads to significant particle agglomeration, thus decreasing the activity. In using the homogeneous atomic Fe model catalysts, we elucidated the active site formation process through correlating measured ORR activity with the change of chemical bonds in precursors during thermal activation up to 1100 °C. The critical temperature to form active sites is 800 °C, which is associated with a new Fe species with a reduced oxidation number (from Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺) likely bonded with pyridinic N (FeN₄) embedded into the carbon planes. Further increasing the temperature leads to continuously enhanced activity, linked to the rise of graphitic N and Fe–N species. The new atomic Fe catalyst has achieved respectable ORR activity in challenging acidic media (0.5 M H₂SO₄), showing a half-wave potential of 0.85 V vs RHE and leaving only a 30 mV gap with Pt/C (60 μg_Pt/cm²). Finally, enhanced stability is attained with the same catalyst, which loses only 20 mV after 10 000 potential cycles (0.6–1.0 V) in O₂ saturated acid. The high-performance atomic Fe PGM-free catalyst holds great promise as a replacement for Pt in future PEMFCs.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Fuel Cell Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1394763

Report Number(s):: BNL--114340-2017-JA; KC0403020

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 40 Vol. 139; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Oxygen Reduction Reactions on Single‐ or Few‐Atom Discrete Active Sites for Heterogeneous Catalysis Sharifi, Tiva; Gracia‐Espino, Eduardo; Chen, Anran Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902084	journal	September 2019
Engineering Local Coordination Environments of Atomically Dispersed and Heteroatom‐Coordinated Single Metal Site Electrocatalysts for Clean Energy‐Conversion Zhu, Yuanzhi; Sokolowski, Joshua; Song, Xiancheng Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902844	journal	November 2019
Heterogeneous Single Atom Electrocatalysis, Where “Singles” Are “Married” Zang, Wenjie; Kou, Zongkui; Pennycook, Stephen J. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903181	journal	January 2020
Molecular Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Wan, Chengzhang; Duan, Xiangfeng; Huang, Yu Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903815	journal	February 2020
Atomar dispergierte Metallzentren in Metall-organischen Gerüststrukturen für die elektrokatalytische und photokatalytische Energieumwandlung Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Xia, Dingguo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201800269	journal	June 2018
From Metal-Organic Frameworks to Single-Atom Fe Implanted N-doped Porous Carbons: Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media Jiao, Long; Wan, Gang; Zhang, Rui Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201803262	journal	June 2018
Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Catalysts Based on Single Iron Atoms Dispersed on a Hierarchically Structured Porous Carbon Framework Zhang, Zhengping; Sun, Junting; Wang, Feng Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201804958	journal	June 2018
A Pyrolysis‐Free Covalent Organic Polymer for Oxygen Reduction Guo, Jianing; Lin, Chun‐Yu; Xia, Zhenhai Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 130, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201808226	journal	August 2018
Modulierung der elektronischen Strukturen anorganischer Nanomaterialien für eine effiziente elektrokatalytische Wasserspaltung Du, Xinchuan; Huang, Jianwen; Zhang, Junjun Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201810104	journal	February 2019
A Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Wound Disinfection Applications Xu, Bolong; Wang, Hui; Wang, Weiwei Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201813994	journal	March 2019
General π‐Electron‐Assisted Strategy for Ir, Pt, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ni Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts with Bifunctional Active Sites for Highly Efficient Water Splitting Lai, Wei‐Hong; Zhang, Li‐Fu; Hua, Wei‐Bo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201904614	journal	July 2019
A Graphene‐Supported Single‐Atom FeN ₅ Catalytic Site for Efficient Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction Zhang, Huinian; Li, Jing; Xi, Shibo Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201906079	journal	September 2019
Thermolysis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles into Electron‐Rich Phosphorus‐Coordinated Noble Metal Single Atoms at Low Temperature Zhou, Peng; Li, Ning; Chao, Yuguang Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201908351	journal	August 2019
Thermally Driven Structure and Performance Evolution of Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ Sites for Oxygen Reduction Li, Jiazhan; Zhang, Hanguang; Samarakoon, Widitha Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201909312	journal	November 2019
Identification of Catalytic Sites for Oxygen Reduction in Metal/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons with Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles Chen, Ming‐Xi; Zhu, Mengzhao; Zuo, Ming Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201912275	journal	November 2019
Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon with Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ for Ultraefficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Qiao, Mengfei; Wang, Ying; Wang, Quan Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914123	journal	January 2020
Regulating the Coordination Environment of MOF‐Templated Single‐Atom Nickel Electrocatalysts for Boosting CO ₂ Reduction Gong, Yun‐Nan; Jiao, Long; Qian, Yunyang Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914977	journal	January 2020
Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites in MOF-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic Energy Conversion Liang, Zibin; Qu, Chong; Xia, Dingguo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201800269	journal	June 2018
From Metal-Organic Frameworks to Single-Atom Fe Implanted N-doped Porous Carbons: Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media Jiao, Long; Wan, Gang; Zhang, Rui Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803262	journal	June 2018
Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Catalysts Based on Single Iron Atoms Dispersed on a Hierarchically Structured Porous Carbon Framework Zhang, Zhengping; Sun, Junting; Wang, Feng Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201804958	journal	June 2018
A Pyrolysis-Free Covalent Organic Polymer for Oxygen Reduction Guo, Jianing; Lin, Chun-Yu; Xia, Zhenhai Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201808226	journal	August 2018
Modulating Electronic Structures of Inorganic Nanomaterials for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Du, Xinchuan; Huang, Jianwen; Zhang, Junjun Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201810104	journal	March 2019
Puffing Up Energetic Metal-Organic Frameworks to Large Carbon Networks with Hierarchical Porosity and Atomically Dispersed Metal Sites Zhao, Ruo; Liang, Zibin; Gao, Song Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201811126	journal	December 2018
A Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Wound Disinfection Applications Xu, Bolong; Wang, Hui; Wang, Weiwei Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201813994	journal	April 2019
General π-Electron-Assisted Strategy for Ir, Pt, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ni Single-Atom Electrocatalysts with Bifunctional Active Sites for Highly Efficient Water Splitting Lai, Wei-Hong; Zhang, Li-Fu; Hua, Wei-Bo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201904614	journal	July 2019
A Graphene‐Supported Single‐Atom FeN ₅ Catalytic Site for Efficient Electrochemical CO ₂ Reduction Zhang, Huinian; Li, Jing; Xi, Shibo Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201906079	journal	October 2019
Thermolysis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles into Electron‐Rich Phosphorus‐Coordinated Noble Metal Single Atoms at Low Temperature Zhou, Peng; Li, Ning; Chao, Yuguang Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201908351	journal	August 2019
Thermally Driven Structure and Performance Evolution of Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ Sites for Oxygen Reduction Li, Jiazhan; Zhang, Hanguang; Samarakoon, Widitha Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201909312	journal	November 2019
Identification of Catalytic Sites for Oxygen Reduction in Metal/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons with Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles Chen, Ming‐Xi; Zhu, Mengzhao; Zuo, Ming Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201912275	journal	January 2020
Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon with Atomically Dispersed FeN ₄ for Ultraefficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Qiao, Mengfei; Wang, Ying; Wang, Quan Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914123	journal	February 2020
Regulating the Coordination Environment of MOF‐Templated Single‐Atom Nickel Electrocatalysts for Boosting CO ₂ Reduction Gong, Yun‐Nan; Jiao, Long; Qian, Yunyang Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914977	journal	February 2020
Efficient Fe‐Co‐N‐C Electrocatalyst Towards Oxygen Reduction Derived from a Cationic Co ^II ‐based Metal–Organic Framework Modified by Anion‐Exchange with Potassium Ferricyanide Chen, Xiang‐Lan; Huang, Jia‐Wei; Huang, Yi‐Chen Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201801776	journal	February 2019
Recent Approaches to Design Electrocatalysts Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives Liu, Juan; Hou, Shujin; Li, Weijin Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201900748	journal	September 2019
Bottom‐Up Fabrication of a Sandwich‐Like Carbon/Graphene Heterostructure with Built‐In FeNC Dopants as Non‐Noble Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Lv, Xiaoxia; Xue, Xue; Gan, Xingyu Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201901616	journal	December 2019
POM & MOF-based Electrocatalysts for Energy-related Reactions Freire, Cristina; Fernandes, Diana M.; Nunes, Marta ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201701926	journal	March 2018
Single Metal Atoms Anchored in Two-Dimensional Materials: Bifunctional Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications Back, Seoin; Kulkarni, Ambarish R.; Siahrostami, Samira ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201800447	journal	May 2018
Single Atom Catalysts on Carbon-Based Materials Rivera-Cárcamo, Camila; Serp, Philippe ChemCatChem, Vol. 10, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801174	journal	November 2018
Transition Metal‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Active Site for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Beyond the Fascinations of TM‐N₄ Zhang, Cai; Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Weitao ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801679	journal	November 2018
Elucidation of The Influence of Cu Promoter on Carburization Prior to Iron-Based Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: an In situ X-Ray Diffraction Study Sun, Xiaodong; Liu, Xingwu; Liu, Jinjia ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801706	journal	December 2018
Recent Progress of Carbon-Based Materials in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysis Wang, Yao; Li, Jing; Wei, Zidong ChemElectroChem, Vol. 5, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201701335	journal	January 2018
Impact of Textural Properties of Mesoporous Porphyrinic Carbon Electrocatalysts on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity Woo, Jinwoo; Sa, Young Jin; Kim, Jae Hyung ChemElectroChem, Vol. 5, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201800183	journal	April 2018
Synthesis and Active Site Identification of Fe−N−C Single-Atom Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Wan, Xin; Chen, Weiqi; Yang, Jiarui ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801302	journal	November 2018
Sulfur, Nitrogen and Fluorine Triple‐Doped Metal‐Free Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Lv, Yanlong; Yang, Liu; Cao, Dapeng ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801433	journal	September 2018
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tunable Olive‐Like Ni _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 CO ₃ and its Transformation to LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries Lu, Yan; Gan, Zhanggen; Xia, Jin ChemElectroChem, Vol. 6, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201901539	journal	October 2019
Towards High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: Inducing Atomic-Level Reconstruction of Fe-N _x Site for Atomically Dispersed Fe/N-Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Li, Hanyu; Zhang, Zhengping; Dou, Meiling Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201800937	journal	June 2018
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Materials as Electrocatalysts and Photocatalysts for CO ₂ Reduction: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives Zhang, Hanguang; Li, Jiazhan; Tan, Qiang Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 69 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803083	journal	June 2018
Recent Advances of MOFs and MOF-Derived Materials in Thermally Driven Organic Transformations Yang, Shuliang; Peng, Li; Bulut, Safak Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803157	journal	November 2018
Self‐Supported ZIF‐Derived Co ₃ O ₄ Nanoparticles‐Decorated Porous N‐Doped Carbon Fibers as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst Song, Li; Tang, Jing; Wang, Tao Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201900197	journal	April 2019
Ice/Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Micro/Mesoporous Iron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Li, Hanyu; Zhang, Zhengping; Iyoda, Tomokazu Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201900306	journal	March 2019
A Facile Route for Constructing Effective Cu−N _x Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Li, Jingjing; Xia, Wei; Wang, Tao Chemistry – A European Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903822	journal	December 2019
Recent Progress in Precious Metal‐Free Carbon‐Based Materials towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Activity, Stability, and Anti‐Poisoning Zhang, Ling; Li, Li; Chen, Hongmei Chemistry – A European Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904233	journal	November 2019
Atomic Layer Deposition of Pd Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers: Optimization of ORR Activity of Pd‐Based Nanocatalysts by Tuning Their Nanoparticle Size and Loading Khalily, Mohammad Aref; Patil, Bhushan; Yilmaz, Eda ChemNanoMat, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201900483	journal	October 2019
Atomic Platinum Anchored on Fe-N-C Material for High Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Atomic Platinum Anchored on Fe-N-C Material for High Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction Sha, Ying; Ji, Jiapeng; Li, Siyuan European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2020, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201901027	journal	January 2020
Recent Advancements in Transition Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Gu, Wenling; Hu, Liuyong; Li, Jing Electroanalysis, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201700780	journal	February 2018
Freestanding 1D Hierarchical Porous Fe‐N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Zn–Air Batteries Wu, Mengchen; Li, Congling; Liu, Rui Energy Technology, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201800790	journal	March 2019
Microporous Solids En Route to Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis: The Oxygen Reduction Reaction Haikal, Rana R.; Hassan, Mohamed H.; Alkordi, Mohamed H. Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201900964	journal	December 2019
Pearl Necklace Fibrous Carbon Sharing Fe–N/Fe–P Dual Active Sites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Broad Media and for Liquid/Solid‐State Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery Wu, Mengchen; Liu, Rui Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201901263	journal	December 2019
Pearl Necklace Fibrous Carbon Sharing Fe–N/Fe–P Dual Active Sites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst in Broad Media and for Liquid/Solid‐State Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery Wu, Mengchen; Liu, Rui Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202070034	journal	December 2019
Ultrathin‐Carbon‐Layer‐Protected PtCu Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon Capsules: A Structure Engineering of the Anode Electrocatalyst for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells Xu, Min; Chen, Hong; Zhao, Yufei Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, Vol. 36, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201900100	journal	May 2019
Crab Shell-Templated Fe and N Co-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers as a Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst Li, Zhenyi; Hassan, Mehboob; Sun, An ChemistrySelect, Vol. 3, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201800251	journal	April 2018
ZIF-8 with Ferrocene Encapsulated: A Promising Precursor to Single-Atom Fe Embedded Nitrogen-Doped Carbon as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Electroreduction Wang, Jinpeng; Han, Guokang; Wang, Liguang Small, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704282	journal	March 2018
Engineering Single-Atom Cobalt Catalysts toward Improved Electrocatalysis Wan, Gang; Yu, Pengfei; Chen, Hangrong Small, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704319	journal	March 2018
UIO-66-NH ₂ -Derived Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst Co-Doped with Fe/N/S as Highly Efficient Cathode Catalyst for PEMFCs Zheng, Long; Dong, Yuanyuan; Chi, Bin Small, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803520	journal	December 2018
π‐Conjugated Molecule Boosts Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts Zhu, Rongmei; Ding, Jiawei; Xu, Yuxia Small, Vol. 14, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201803576	journal	October 2018
Single Fe Atom on Hierarchically Porous S, N‐Codoped Nanocarbon Derived from Porphyra Enable Boosted Oxygen Catalysis for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries Zhang, Jiting; Zhang, Meng; Zeng, Yan Small, Vol. 15, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900307	journal	May 2019
Modulating the Electronic Structure of Single‐Atom Catalysts on 2D Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance Zhu, Yuanzhi; Peng, Wenchao; Li, Yang Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800438	journal	March 2019
Recent Advances for MOF‐Derived Carbon‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts Han, Aijuan; Wang, Bingqing; Kumar, Anuj Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800471	journal	February 2019
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Supported Nonprecious Metal Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts: from Synthesis to Application Guo, Jiaojiao; Huo, Juanjuan; Liu, Yan Small Methods, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900159	journal	May 2019
Recent Progress of Metal Carbides Encapsulated in Carbon‐Based Materials for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Yan, Xiang‐Hui; Prabhu, P.; Xu, Hao Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900575	journal	November 2019
A Freestanding Flexible Single‐Atom Cobalt‐Based Multifunctional Interlayer toward Reversible and Durable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Li, Yiju; Zhou, Peng; Li, Hui Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900701	journal	January 2020
Atomically Dispersed Single Ni Site Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction toward Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Using N ₂ and H ₂ O Mukherjee, Shreya; Yang, Xiaoxuan; Shan, Weitao Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900821	journal	February 2020
2D Single‐Atom Catalyst with Optimized Iron Sites Produced by Thermal Melting of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Liu, Dong; Li, Jin‐Cheng; Ding, Shichao Small Methods, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201900827	journal	February 2020
Metal–Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis Usman, Muhammad; Zhu, Qi-Long Methods for Electrocatalysis: Advanced Materials and Allied Applications, p. 29-66 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27161-9_2	book	January 2020
Carbon nanotube@ZIF–derived Fe-N-doped carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions Xiong, Juan; Zhao, Jing; Xiang, Zhen Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-019-04317-2	journal	June 2019
Metal-organic framework based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic oxygen redox reaction Zhang, Kexin; Guo, Wenhan; Liang, Zibin Science China Chemistry, Vol. 62, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9441-4	journal	March 2019
Metal organic frameworks derived single atom catalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion Sun, Tingting; Xu, Lianbin; Wang, Dingsheng Nano Research, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2345-4	journal	March 2019
Influence of 3d transition-metal substitution on the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis of ternary nitrides in acid Fritz, Kevin E.; Yan, Yichen; Suntivich, Jin Nano Research, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2440-6	journal	June 2019
On an Easy Way to Prepare Fe, S, N Tri-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Materials as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Liu, Sa; Liu, Liwen; Chen, Xiaowen Electrocatalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-018-0496-9	journal	November 2018
Effects of Crystallographic Structures of Metal-Phthalocyanine on Electrocatalytic Properties of Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Condition Takase, Satoko; Aoto, Yuki; Ikeda, Daiki Electrocatalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-019-00553-2	journal	August 2019
In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Nanoscale Electrocatalysts Wang, Maoyu; Árnadóttir, Líney; Xu, Zhichuan J. Nano-Micro Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0277-x	journal	June 2019
Dispersive Single-Atom Metals Anchored on Functionalized Nanocarbons for Electrochemical Reactions Li, Jin-Cheng; Wei, Zidong; Liu, Dong Topics in Current Chemistry, Vol. 377, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-018-0229-9	journal	January 2019
Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Fe-N-C Catalysts: Current Status and the Way Forward Shen, Hangjia; Thomas, Tiju; Rasaki, Sefiu Abolaji Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00030-w	journal	March 2019
Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Self-Template Synthesis Approach to Enhancing Catalytic Activity and Stability He, Yanghua; Tan, Qiang; Lu, Leilei Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00031-9	journal	March 2019
Zigzag carbon as efficient and stable oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells Xue, Longfei; Li, Yongcheng; Liu, Xiaofang Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06279-x	journal	September 2018
−60 °C solution synthesis of atomically dispersed cobalt electrocatalyst with superior performance Huang, Kai; Zhang, Le; Xu, Ting Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08484-8	journal	February 2019
Atomically dispersed manganese catalysts for oxygen reduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells Li, Jiazhan; Chen, Mengjie; Cullen, David A. Nature Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0164-8	journal	October 2018
Fe–N–C electrocatalyst with dense active sites and efficient mass transport for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells Wan, Xin; Liu, Xiaofang; Li, Yongcheng Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0237-3	journal	March 2019
Achievements, challenges and perspectives on cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for transportation Wang, Xiao Xia; Swihart, Mark T.; Wu, Gang Nature Catalysis, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0304-9	journal	July 2019
The synergistic effect of Ceria and Co in N-doped leaf-like carbon nanosheets derived from a 2D MOF and their enhanced performance in the oxygen reduction reaction Xia, Wei; Li, Jingjing; Wang, Tao Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09212a	journal	January 2018
Rational design of double-shelled Fe-, N-, and S-tridoped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres as high-performance catalysts for organic reactions Zeng, Tao; Hu, Xiaojie; Feng, Hongru Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09773e	journal	January 2018
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Creation of oxygen reduction reaction active sites on titanium oxynitride without increasing the nitrogen doping level Chisaka, Mitsuharu Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01420e	journal	January 2018
Unraveling the relationship between the morphologies of metal–organic frameworks and the properties of their derived carbon materials Wu, Qiao; Liang, Jun; Yi, Jun-Dong Dalton Transactions, Vol. 48, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04941f	journal	January 2019
Electronic structure engineering to boost oxygen reduction activity by controlling the coordination of the central metal Han, Yunhu; Wang, Yanggang; Xu, Ruirui Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee01481g	journal	January 2018
Highly active atomically dispersed CoN ₄ fuel cell cathode catalysts derived from surfactant-assisted MOFs: carbon-shell confinement strategy He, Yanghua; Hwang, Sooyeon; Cullen, David A. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02694g	journal	January 2019
Recent advances in hybrid sodium–air batteries Xu, Xiaolong; Hui, Kwan San; Dinh, Duc Anh Materials Horizons, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8mh01375f	journal	January 2019
Facile synthesis of N-doped graphene supported porous cobalt molybdenum oxynitride nanodendrites for the oxygen reduction reaction Sharma, Kamaldeep; Hui, David; Kim, Nam Hoon Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06780e	journal	January 2019
3-Layer conductive metal–organic nanosheets as electrocatalysts to enable an ultralow detection limit of H ₂ O ₂ Zhang, Mingdao; Wang, Gang; Zheng, Baohui Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr08686a	journal	January 2019
MOF-derived nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon for electroreduction of CO ₂ to CO: the calcining temperature effect and the mechanism Zheng, Yonglong; Cheng, Ping; Xu, Jiansheng Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr10236h	journal	January 2019
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Tuning the dimensions and structures of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials derived from sacrificial g-C ₃ N ₄ /metal–organic frameworks for enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction Wang, Ruwen; Yan, Tingting; Han, Lupeng Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00439k	journal	January 2018
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Designing highly efficient dual-metal single-atom electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction inspired by biological enzyme systems Gong, Shipeng; Wang, Changlai; Jiang, Peng Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04564j	journal	January 2018
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Tailoring the nano heterointerface of hematite/magnetite on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages for superb oxygen reduction Fan, Hao; Mao, Kun; Liu, Meng Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06442c	journal	January 2018
Shape control of core–shell MOF@MOF and derived MOF nanocages via ion modulation in a one-pot strategy Wu, Shenjie; Zhuang, Guoxin; Wei, Jinxin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06809g	journal	January 2018
In situ derived Fe/N/S-codoped carbon nanotubes from ZIF-8 crystals as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and zinc–air batteries Jin, Huihui; Zhou, Huang; Li, Wenqiang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07849a	journal	January 2018
Rational design and construction of nanoporous iron- and nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction Tan, Haibo; Tang, Jing; Kim, Jeonghun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08870e	journal	January 2019
An efficient carbon-based ORR catalyst from low-temperature etching of ZIF-67 with ultra-small cobalt nanoparticles and high yield Guo, Jian; Gadipelli, Srinivas; Yang, Yuchen Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10925g	journal	January 2019
Metal–organic frameworks: a promising platform for constructing non-noble electrocatalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction Li, Liangjun; He, Jiangxiu; Wang, Ying Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11704g	journal	January 2019
Anion exchange of a cationic Cd( ii )-based metal–organic framework with potassium ferricyanide towards highly active Fe ₃ C-containing Fe/N/C catalysts for oxygen reduction Huang, Jia-Wei; Chen, Yu-Bin; Liu, Xiao Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc02390a	journal	January 2019
Cobalt iron phosphide nanoparticles embedded within a carbon matrix as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction Han, Jiang; Chen, Gen; Liu, Xiaohe Chemical Communications, Vol. 55, Issue 62 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03117k	journal	January 2019
Confined Co ₉ S ₈ into a defective carbon matrix as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries Meng, Lu; Zhan, Ling; Jiang, Hongliang Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01717h	journal	January 2019
N-Doped porous tremella-like Fe ₃ C/C electrocatalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks for oxygen reduction reaction Yang, Xinxin; Sun, Xiang; Rauf, Muhammad Dalton Transactions, Vol. 49, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03923f	journal	January 2020
A cobalt hydroxide nanosheet-mediated synthesis of core–shell-type Mn _0.005 Co _2.995 O ₄ spinel nanocubes as efficient oxygen electrocatalysts Kwon, Sunglun; Lee, Jong Hyeon Dalton Transactions, Vol. 49, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt04009a	journal	January 2020
High-performance fuel cell cathodes exclusively containing atomically dispersed iron active sites Zhang, Hanguang; Chung, Hoon T.; Cullen, David A. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee00877b	journal	January 2019
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: synthesis, characterization, reaction mechanisms and electrochemical energy applications Liu, Minmin; Wang, Linlin; Zhao, Kangning Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01722d	journal	January 2019
Unprecedented capacitive deionization performance of interconnected iron–nitrogen-doped carbon tubes in oxygenated saline water Xu, Xingtao; Tang, Jing; Kaneti, Yusuf Valentino Materials Horizons, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9mh01829h	journal	January 2020
MOF nanoleaves as new sacrificial templates for the fabrication of nanoporous Co–N _x /C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction Li, Jingjing; Xia, Wei; Tang, Jing Nanoscale Horizons, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nh00095j	journal	January 2019
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Size-dependence of the electrochemical performance of Fe–N–C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and cathodes of direct methanol fuel cells Xu, Xinlong; Xia, Zhangxun; Zhang, Xiaoming Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr08458d	journal	January 2020
A sponge-templated sandwich-like cobalt-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedron/graphene composite as a highly efficient catalyst for Zn–air batteries Cai, Jia-Jun; Zhou, Qing-Yan; Liu, Bing Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr09020g	journal	January 2020
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Hierarchically porous carbons as supports for fuel cell electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Fe–N _x moieties Tong, Lei; Wang, Yu-Cheng; Chen, Ming-Xi Chemical Science, Vol. 10, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9sc01154d	journal	January 2019
Hierarchically porous Fe/N–C hollow spheres derived from melamine/Fe-incorporated polydopamine for efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis Feng, Bomin; Wu, Xiuju; Niu, Yanli Sustainable Energy & Fuels, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9se00686a	journal	January 2019
Carbon nanotube-linked hollow carbon nanospheres doped with iron and nitrogen as single-atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic solutions Li, Jin-Cheng; Cheng, Min; Li, Tao Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00508k	journal	January 2019
Large-diameter and heteroatom-doped graphene nanotubes decorated with transition metals as carbon hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries Ogoke, Ogechi; Hwang, Sooyeon; Hultman, Benjamin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02889g	journal	January 2019
Cage-confinement of gas-phase ferrocene in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks to synthesize high-loading and atomically dispersed Fe–N codoped carbon for efficient oxygen reduction reaction Ye, Guanying; He, Qian; Liu, Suqin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04954a	journal	January 2019
Single iron atoms stabilized by microporous defects of biomass-derived carbon aerogels as high-performance cathode electrocatalysts for aluminum–air batteries He, Ting; Zhang, Yaqian; Chen, Yang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05981d	journal	January 2019
Atomically dispersed Fe–N _x active sites within hierarchical mesoporous carbon as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction Gu, Wenling; Wu, Maochun; Sun, Jing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06128b	journal	January 2019
Stable and size-controllable ultrafine Pt nanoparticles derived from a MOF-based single metal ion trap for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution Li, Jian; Huang, Hongliang; Li, Yang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06184c	journal	January 2019
Atomic-level active sites of efficient imidazolate framework-derived nickel catalysts for CO ₂ reduction Pan, Fuping; Zhang, Hanguang; Liu, Zhenyu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08862h	journal	January 2019
Single-atom catalysts templated by metal–organic frameworks for electrochemical nitrogen reduction Zhang, Rui; Jiao, Long; Yang, Weijie Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta10206j	journal	January 2019
Atomically dispersed ruthenium sites on whisker-like secondary microstructure of porous carbon host toward highly efficient hydrogen evolution Xing, Liwen; Gao, Hongyi; Hai, Guangtong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11280d	journal	January 2020
A review of non-precious metal single atom confined nanomaterials in different structural dimensions (1D–3D) as highly active oxygen redox reaction electrocatalysts Liu, Jin; Zhang, Hao; Qiu, Ming Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11852g	journal	January 2020
Co single-atoms on ultrathin N-doped porous carbon via a biomass complexation strategy for high performance metal–air batteries Wang, Yanqiu; Yu, Baoying; Liu, Kang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12171d	journal	January 2020
Cobalt/zinc dual-sites coordinated with nitrogen in nanofibers enabling efficient and durable oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells Zang, Jian; Wang, Feiteng; Cheng, Qingqing Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12207a	journal	January 2020
Nanoporous bimetallic Zn/Fe–N–C for efficient oxygen reduction in acidic and alkaline media Xue, Jinling; Li, Yinshi; Hu, Jue Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta13471a	journal	January 2020
Unveiling the high-activity origin of single-atom iron catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction Yang, Liu; Cheng, Daojian; Xu, Haoxiang Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800771115	journal	June 2018
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Dual active sites of the Co ₂ N and single-atom Co–N ₄ embedded in nitrogen-rich nanocarbons: a robust electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions Ke, Qian; Yang, Liu; Gao, Yubei Nanotechnology, Vol. 31, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab6471	journal	January 2020
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The Effect of CNTs on Performance Improvement of rGO Supported Fe-N _x /C Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Deng, Xin; Xiao, Meiling; Yang, Ruoou Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0021807jes	journal	January 2018
Pyrolysis of Self-Assembled Iron(III) Porphyrin on Carbon toward Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Zhai, Zihui; Lv, Yang; Qiu, Chenxi Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0031908jes	journal	January 2019
Atomically Dispersed Iron Cathode Catalysts Derived from Binary Ligand-Based Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks with Enhanced Stability for PEM Fuel Cells Zhang, Hanguang; Ding, Shuo; Hwang, Sooyeon Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0141907jes	journal	January 2019
Fe-Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks-Derived Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media Zhao, Xiaolin; Chen, Mengjie; Zuo, Jiandong Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0171816jes	journal	January 2018
PGM-Free ORR Catalysts Designed by Templating PANI-Type Polymers Containing Functional Groups with High Affinity to Iron Yin, Xi; Chung, Hoon T.; Martinez, Ulises Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0301907jes	journal	January 2019
Wrinkled Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Nano Ag ₄ Bi ₂ O ₅ Rods as Greatly Enhanced Catalyst for Zinc-Air Battery Wang, Pingyuan; Chen, Dongmei; Pan, Junqing Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0391906jes	journal	January 2019
Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes with Atomically Dispersed (AD) Fe-C-N ORR Catalyst Ahluwalia, R. K.; Wang, X.; Osmieri, L. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0851914jes	journal	January 2019
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Highlights of Major Progress on Single-Atom Catalysis in 2017 Guo, Yalin; Lang, Rui; Qiao, Botao Catalysts, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9020135	journal	February 2019
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FeNxC Based Catalysts Prepared by the Calcination of Iron-Ethylenediamine@Polyaniline as the Cathode-Catalyst of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Wang, Yen-Zen; Huang, Wen-Yao; Hsieh, Tar-Hwa Polymers, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081368	journal	August 2019
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29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
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Title: Single Atomic Iron Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media: Particle Size Control and Thermal Activation

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