Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e±p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring

Rachek, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Dmitriev, V. F.; Gauzshtein, V. V.; Gerasimov, R. E.; Gramolin, A. V.; Holt, R. J.; Kaminskiy, V. V.; Lazarenko, B. A.; Mishnev, S. I.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Neufeld, V. V.; Nikolenko, D. M.; Sadykov, R. Sh.; Shestakov, Yu. V.; Stibunov, V. N.; Toporkov, D. K.; de Vries, H.; Zevakov, S. A.; Zhilich, V. N.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062005

Title: Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic $e^{\pm} p$ Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring

Abstract

The ratio of the elastic e⁺p to e^–p scattering cross sections has been measured precisely, allowing the determination of the two-photon exchange contribution to these processes. This neglected contribution is believed to be the cause of the discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and polarization transfer methods of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors. The experiment was performed at the VEPP-3 storage ring at beam energies of 1.6 and 1.0 GeV and at lepton scattering angles between 15° and 105°. The data obtained show evidence of a significant two-photon exchange effect. Furthermore, the results are compared with several theoretical predictions.

Authors:

Rachek, I. A. ^[1]; Arrington, J. ^[2]; Dmitriev, V. F. ^[3]; Gauzshtein, V. V. ^[4]; Gerasimov, R. E. ^[3]; Gramolin, A. V. ^[1]; Holt, R. J. ^[2]; Kaminskiy, V. V. ^[1]; Lazarenko, B. A. ^[1]; Mishnev, S. I. ^[1]; Muchnoi, N. Yu. ^[3]; Neufeld, V. V. ^[1]; Nikolenko, D. M. ^[1]; Sadykov, R. Sh. ^[1]; Shestakov, Yu. V. ^[1]; Stibunov, V. N. ^[4]; Toporkov, D. K. ^[3]; de Vries, H. ^[5]; Zevakov, S. A. ^[1]; Zhilich, V. N. ^[3]

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk (Russia)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk (Russia); Novosibirsk State Univ., Novosibirsk (Russia)
Tomsk Polytechnic Univ., Tomsk (Russia)
Nikhef, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)

Publication Date:: Thu Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2015

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: Russian Federation, Ministry of Education and Science; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1392573

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1180395

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; MK-525.2013.2

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Rachek, I. A., Arrington, J., Dmitriev, V. F., Gauzshtein, V. V., Gerasimov, R. E., Gramolin, A. V., Holt, R. J., Kaminskiy, V. V., Lazarenko, B. A., Mishnev, S. I., Muchnoi, N. Yu., Neufeld, V. V., Nikolenko, D. M., Sadykov, R. Sh., Shestakov, Yu. V., Stibunov, V. N., Toporkov, D. K., de Vries, H., Zevakov, S. A., and Zhilich, V. N. Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e±p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062005.

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                    Rachek, I. A., Arrington, J., Dmitriev, V. F., Gauzshtein, V. V., Gerasimov, R. E., Gramolin, A. V., Holt, R. J., Kaminskiy, V. V., Lazarenko, B. A., Mishnev, S. I., Muchnoi, N. Yu., Neufeld, V. V., Nikolenko, D. M., Sadykov, R. Sh., Shestakov, Yu. V., Stibunov, V. N., Toporkov, D. K., de Vries, H., Zevakov, S. A., & Zhilich, V. N. Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e±p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062005

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                    Rachek, I. A., Arrington, J., Dmitriev, V. F., Gauzshtein, V. V., Gerasimov, R. E., Gramolin, A. V., Holt, R. J., Kaminskiy, V. V., Lazarenko, B. A., Mishnev, S. I., Muchnoi, N. Yu., Neufeld, V. V., Nikolenko, D. M., Sadykov, R. Sh., Shestakov, Yu. V., Stibunov, V. N., Toporkov, D. K., de Vries, H., Zevakov, S. A., and Zhilich, V. N. Thu .  
"Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e±p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062005.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1392573.

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@article{osti_1392573,

  title        = {Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e±p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring},

  author       = {Rachek, I. A. and Arrington, J. and Dmitriev, V. F. and Gauzshtein, V. V. and Gerasimov, R. E. and Gramolin, A. V. and Holt, R. J. and Kaminskiy, V. V. and Lazarenko, B. A. and Mishnev, S. I. and Muchnoi, N. Yu. and Neufeld, V. V. and Nikolenko, D. M. and Sadykov, R. Sh. and Shestakov, Yu. V. and Stibunov, V. N. and Toporkov, D. K. and de Vries, H. and Zevakov, S. A. and Zhilich, V. N.},

  abstractNote = {The ratio of the elastic e+p to e–p scattering cross sections has been measured precisely, allowing the determination of the two-photon exchange contribution to these processes. This neglected contribution is believed to be the cause of the discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and polarization transfer methods of measuring the proton electromagnetic form factors. The experiment was performed at the VEPP-3 storage ring at beam energies of 1.6 and 1.0 GeV and at lepton scattering angles between 15° and 105°. The data obtained show evidence of a significant two-photon exchange effect. Furthermore, the results are compared with several theoretical predictions.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062005},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 114,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Thu Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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Title: Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e±p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring

Abstract

Citation Formats

Comparison of Electron-Proton and Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Four-Momentum Transfers up to 5.0 ( G e V / c ) 2 journal, August 1968

Measurement of G E p / G M p in e → p → e p → to Q 2 = 5.6 GeV 2 journal, February 2002

Survey of Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors journal, March 2009

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering journal, October 2003

The OLYMPUS experiment journal, March 2014

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal, May 2007

Scattering of High-Energy Positrons from Protons journal, November 1962

G E p / G M p Ratio by Polarization Transfer in e → p → e p → journal, February 2000

Electric and magnetic form factors of the proton journal, July 2014

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic ep and up Scattering journal, January 1969

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to Q 2 = 8.5 GeV 2 journal, June 2010

Scattering of positrons and electrons from protons journal, August 1967

Backward scattering of positrons and electrons on protons journal, January 1968

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering journal, September 2005

Comparison of Elastic Positron-Proton and Electron-Proton Scattering Cross Sections journal, November 1967

Radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering journal, October 2000

How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors journal, October 2003

Two-photon exchange in a dispersion approach journal, August 2008

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal, October 2007

Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at 800 and 1200 MeV journal, February 1968

Coulomb distortion in high- Q 2 elastic e ‐ p scattering journal, August 2004

Electromagnetic form Factors of the Nucleon and Compton Scattering journal, December 2004

Positron-Proton Scattering journal, August 1965

Compilation and analysis of charge asymmetry measurements from electron and positron scattering on nucleon and nuclei journal, August 2013

Coulomb corrections in the extraction of the proton radius journal, October 2013

Reexamination of phenomenological two-photon exchange corrections to the proton form factors and e ± p scattering journal, November 2011

A new event generator for the elastic scattering of charged leptons on protons journal, September 2014

Scattering of Positrons and Electrons from Protons journal, August 1966

Revealing Dressed Quarks via the Proton’s Charge Distribution journal, September 2013

Measurements of the elastic electromagnetic form factor ratio μ p G Ep / G Mp via polarization transfer journal, August 2001

How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton? journal, September 2003

Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at Q 2 = 4.0 , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV 2 journal, April 2012

Demonstration of a novel technique to measure two-photon exchange effects in elastic e ± p scattering journal, August 2013

Proton elastic form factor ratios to Q 2 = 3.5 GeV 2 by polarization transfer journal, May 2005

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering journal, October 2011

Beam energy measurements for an experiment on elastic e ± p scattering at the VEPP-3 storage ring journal, June 2014

Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes journal, November 2007

Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering journal, March 2004

The OLYMPUS experiment text, January 2014

Positron-Proton Scattering journal, February 1964

How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton? journal, July 2003

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering text, January 2011

Reexamination of phenomenological two-photon exchange corrections to the proton form factors and e+-p scattering text, January 2011

The OLYMPUS Experiment text, January 2013

A new event generator for the elastic scattering of charged leptons on protons text, January 2014

Beam energy measurements for an experiment on elastic $e^{\pm}p$ scattering at the VEPP-3 storage ring text, January 2014

How Well Do We Know the Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton? text, January 2002

Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering text, January 2003

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering text, January 2000

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering text, January 2005

Compilation and Analysis of Charge Asymmetry Measurements from Electron and Positron Scattering on Nucleon and Nuclei journal, January 2013

Two-Photon Exchange: Myth and History journal, June 2018

Two-Photon Exchange: Future Experimental Prospects journal, July 2018

Evaluation of the Proton Charge Radius from Electron–Proton Scattering journal, September 2015

Updated analysis of recent results on electron and positron elastic scattering on the proton journal, February 2019

Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering journal, November 2019

Status and upgrade of the VEPP-4 storage-ring facility journal, December 2016

The structure of the nucleon: Elastic electromagnetic form factors journal, July 2015

Proton Charge Radius from Electron Scattering journal, December 2017

Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic e±p cross sections text, January 2017

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment text, January 2016

Evaluation of the strength of electron-proton scattering data for determining the proton charge radius text, January 2015

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering: Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment text, January 2016

Two-photon exchange: myth and history text, January 2018

Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering text, January 2019

Title: Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic $e^{\pm} p$ Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring

Comparison of Electron-Proton and Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Four-Momentum Transfers up to 5.0 ${(G e V / c)}^{2}$
journal, August 1968

Measurement of $G_{E_{p}} / G_{M_{p}}$ in $\vec{e} p \to e \vec{p}$ to $Q^{2} = 5.6 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, February 2002

Survey of Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors
journal, March 2009

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, October 2003

The OLYMPUS experiment
journal, March 2014

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, May 2007

Scattering of High-Energy Positrons from Protons
journal, November 1962

$G_{E_{p}} / G_{M_{p}}$ Ratio by Polarization Transfer in $\vec{e} p \to e \vec{p}$
journal, February 2000

Electric and magnetic form factors of the proton
journal, July 2014

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic $ep$ and $up$ Scattering
journal, January 1969

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to $Q^{2} = 8.5 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, June 2010

Scattering of positrons and electrons from protons
journal, August 1967

Backward scattering of positrons and electrons on protons
journal, January 1968

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering
journal, September 2005

Comparison of Elastic Positron-Proton and Electron-Proton Scattering Cross Sections
journal, November 1967

Radiative corrections to electron-proton scattering
journal, October 2000

How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors
journal, October 2003

Two-photon exchange in a dispersion approach
journal, August 2008

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
journal, October 2007

Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at 800 and 1200 MeV
journal, February 1968

Coulomb distortion in high- $Q^{2}$ elastic $e ‐ p$ scattering
journal, August 2004

Electromagnetic form Factors of the Nucleon and Compton Scattering
journal, December 2004

Positron-Proton Scattering
journal, August 1965

Compilation and analysis of charge asymmetry measurements from electron and positron scattering on nucleon and nuclei
journal, August 2013

Coulomb corrections in the extraction of the proton radius
journal, October 2013

Reexamination of phenomenological two-photon exchange corrections to the proton form factors and $e^{\pm} p$ scattering
journal, November 2011

A new event generator for the elastic scattering of charged leptons on protons
journal, September 2014

Scattering of Positrons and Electrons from Protons
journal, August 1966

Revealing Dressed Quarks via the Proton’s Charge Distribution
journal, September 2013

Measurements of the elastic electromagnetic form factor ratio $μ_{p} G_{Ep} {/ G}_{Mp}$ via polarization transfer
journal, August 2001

How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton?
journal, September 2003

Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at $Q^{2} = 4.0$ , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV $^{2}$
journal, April 2012

Demonstration of a novel technique to measure two-photon exchange effects in elastic $e^{\pm} p$ scattering
journal, August 2013

Proton elastic form factor ratios to $Q^{2} = 3.5 GeV^{2}$ by polarization transfer
journal, May 2005

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
journal, October 2011

Beam energy measurements for an experiment on elastic e ^± p scattering at the VEPP-3 storage ring
journal, June 2014

Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes
journal, November 2007

Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering
journal, March 2004

The OLYMPUS experiment
text, January 2014

Positron-Proton Scattering
journal, February 1964

How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton?
journal, July 2003

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
text, January 2011

Reexamination of phenomenological two-photon exchange corrections to the proton form factors and e+-p scattering
text, January 2011

The OLYMPUS Experiment
text, January 2013

A new event generator for the elastic scattering of charged leptons on protons
text, January 2014

Beam energy measurements for an experiment on elastic $e^{\pm}p$ scattering at the VEPP-3 storage ring
text, January 2014

How Well Do We Know the Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton?
text, January 2002

Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering
text, January 2003

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
text, January 2000

Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering
text, January 2005

Compilation and Analysis of Charge Asymmetry Measurements from Electron and Positron Scattering on Nucleon and Nuclei
journal, January 2013

Two-Photon Exchange: Myth and History
journal, June 2018

Two-Photon Exchange: Future Experimental Prospects
journal, July 2018

Evaluation of the Proton Charge Radius from Electron–Proton Scattering
journal, September 2015

Updated analysis of recent results on electron and positron elastic scattering on the proton
journal, February 2019

Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering
journal, November 2019

Status and upgrade of the VEPP-4 storage-ring facility
journal, December 2016

The structure of the nucleon: Elastic electromagnetic form factors
journal, July 2015

Proton Charge Radius from Electron Scattering
journal, December 2017

Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic e±p cross sections
text, January 2017

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
text, January 2016

Evaluation of the strength of electron-proton scattering data for determining the proton charge radius
text, January 2015

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering: Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment
text, January 2016

Two-photon exchange: myth and history
text, January 2018

Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering
text, January 2019