Enhanced Magnetization of Cobalt Defect Clusters Embedded in TiO2-δ Films
Abstract
High magnetizations are desirable for spintronic devices that operate by manipulating electronic states using built-in magnetic fields. However, the magnetic moment in promising dilute magnetic oxide nanocomposites is very low, typically corresponding to only fractions of a Bohr magneton for each dopant atom. In this study, we report a large magnetization formed by ion implantation of Co into amorphous TiO2-δ films, producing an inhomogeneous magnetic moment, with certain regions producing over 2.5 μB per Co, depending on the local dopant concentration. Polarized neutron reflectometry was used to depth-profile the magnetization in the Co:TiO2-δ nanocomposites, thus confirming the pivotal role of the cobalt dopant profile inside the titania layer. X-ray photoemission spectra demonstrate the dominant electronic state of the implanted species is Co0, with a minor fraction of Co2+. The detected magnetizations have seldom been reported before and lie near the upper limit set by Hund’s rules for Co0, which is unusual because the transition metal’s magnetic moment is usually reduced in a symmetric 3D crystal-field environment. Low-energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicates that defect structures within the titania layer are strongly modified by the implanted Co. We propose that a clustering motif is promoted by the affinity of the positivelymore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[4];
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia); Univ. of Wollongong, NSW (Australia); Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia)
- Max Planck Inst. fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart (Germany); Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany). Outstation at the MLZ
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
- Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
- Univ. of Wollongong, NSW (Australia)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia); Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia); Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW (Australia); California State Univ. (CalState), San Bernardino, CA (United States)
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW (Australia); City Univ. of Hong Kong (China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1389242
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-114234-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 1944-8244; TRN: US1702012
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1944-8244
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; nanoclusters; nanomagnetism; spintronics; dilute magnetic oxide semiconductor; nanocomposite
Citation Formats
Cortie, David L., Khaydukov, Yury, Keller, Thomas, Sprouster, David J., Hughes, Jacob S., Sullivan, James P., Wang, Xiaolin L., Le Brun, Anton. P., Bertinshaw, Joel, Callori, Sara J., Aughterson, Robert, James, Michael, Evans, Peter J., Triani, Gerry, and Klose, Frank. Enhanced Magnetization of Cobalt Defect Clusters Embedded in TiO2-δ Films. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b15071.
Cortie, David L., Khaydukov, Yury, Keller, Thomas, Sprouster, David J., Hughes, Jacob S., Sullivan, James P., Wang, Xiaolin L., Le Brun, Anton. P., Bertinshaw, Joel, Callori, Sara J., Aughterson, Robert, James, Michael, Evans, Peter J., Triani, Gerry, & Klose, Frank. Enhanced Magnetization of Cobalt Defect Clusters Embedded in TiO2-δ Films. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15071
Cortie, David L., Khaydukov, Yury, Keller, Thomas, Sprouster, David J., Hughes, Jacob S., Sullivan, James P., Wang, Xiaolin L., Le Brun, Anton. P., Bertinshaw, Joel, Callori, Sara J., Aughterson, Robert, James, Michael, Evans, Peter J., Triani, Gerry, and Klose, Frank. Thu .
"Enhanced Magnetization of Cobalt Defect Clusters Embedded in TiO2-δ Films". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15071. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1389242.
@article{osti_1389242,
title = {Enhanced Magnetization of Cobalt Defect Clusters Embedded in TiO2-δ Films},
author = {Cortie, David L. and Khaydukov, Yury and Keller, Thomas and Sprouster, David J. and Hughes, Jacob S. and Sullivan, James P. and Wang, Xiaolin L. and Le Brun, Anton. P. and Bertinshaw, Joel and Callori, Sara J. and Aughterson, Robert and James, Michael and Evans, Peter J. and Triani, Gerry and Klose, Frank},
abstractNote = {High magnetizations are desirable for spintronic devices that operate by manipulating electronic states using built-in magnetic fields. However, the magnetic moment in promising dilute magnetic oxide nanocomposites is very low, typically corresponding to only fractions of a Bohr magneton for each dopant atom. In this study, we report a large magnetization formed by ion implantation of Co into amorphous TiO2-δ films, producing an inhomogeneous magnetic moment, with certain regions producing over 2.5 μB per Co, depending on the local dopant concentration. Polarized neutron reflectometry was used to depth-profile the magnetization in the Co:TiO2-δ nanocomposites, thus confirming the pivotal role of the cobalt dopant profile inside the titania layer. X-ray photoemission spectra demonstrate the dominant electronic state of the implanted species is Co0, with a minor fraction of Co2+. The detected magnetizations have seldom been reported before and lie near the upper limit set by Hund’s rules for Co0, which is unusual because the transition metal’s magnetic moment is usually reduced in a symmetric 3D crystal-field environment. Low-energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicates that defect structures within the titania layer are strongly modified by the implanted Co. We propose that a clustering motif is promoted by the affinity of the positively charged implanted species to occupy microvoids native to the amorphous host. This provides a seed for subsequent doping and nucleation of nanoclusters within an unusual local environment.},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.6b15071},
journal = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},
number = 10,
volume = 9,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Feb 23 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Feb 23 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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