Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy
Abstract
Simultaneous profiles of turbulence statistics and mean ozone mixing ratio are used to establish a relation between eddy diffusivity and ozone mixing within the Amazon forest. A one–dimensional diffusion model is proposed and used to infer mixing time scales from the eddy diffusivity profiles. Data and model results indicate that during daytime conditions, the upper (lower) half of the canopy is well (partially) mixed most of the time and that most of the vertical extent of the forest can be mixed in less than an hour. During nighttime, most of the canopy is predominantly poorly mixed, except for periods with bursts of intermittent turbulence. Even though turbulence is faster than chemistry during daytime, both processes have comparable time scales in the lower canopy layers during nighttime conditions. Nonchemical loss time scales (associated with stomatal uptake and dry deposition) for the entire forest are comparable to turbulent mixing time scale in the lower canopy during the day and in the entire canopy during the night, indicating a tight coupling between turbulent transport and dry deposition and stomatal uptake processes. Because of the significant time of day and height variability of the turbulent mixing time scale inside the canopy, it is importantmore »
- Authors:
-
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
- Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
- Univ. Federal do Parana, Curitiba (Brazil)
- Univ. Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)
- Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1474275
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1377930
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0011075
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; turbulent mixing; canopy turbulence; ozone deposition; Damkohler number
Citation Formats
Freire, L. S., Gerken, T., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Wei, D., Fuentes, J. D., Katul, G. G., Dias, N. L., Acevedo, O. C., and Chamecki, M. Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/2016JD026009.
Freire, L. S., Gerken, T., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Wei, D., Fuentes, J. D., Katul, G. G., Dias, N. L., Acevedo, O. C., & Chamecki, M. Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026009
Freire, L. S., Gerken, T., Ruiz-Plancarte, J., Wei, D., Fuentes, J. D., Katul, G. G., Dias, N. L., Acevedo, O. C., and Chamecki, M. Mon .
"Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026009. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1474275.
@article{osti_1474275,
title = {Turbulent mixing and removal of ozone within an Amazon rainforest canopy},
author = {Freire, L. S. and Gerken, T. and Ruiz-Plancarte, J. and Wei, D. and Fuentes, J. D. and Katul, G. G. and Dias, N. L. and Acevedo, O. C. and Chamecki, M.},
abstractNote = {Simultaneous profiles of turbulence statistics and mean ozone mixing ratio are used to establish a relation between eddy diffusivity and ozone mixing within the Amazon forest. A one–dimensional diffusion model is proposed and used to infer mixing time scales from the eddy diffusivity profiles. Data and model results indicate that during daytime conditions, the upper (lower) half of the canopy is well (partially) mixed most of the time and that most of the vertical extent of the forest can be mixed in less than an hour. During nighttime, most of the canopy is predominantly poorly mixed, except for periods with bursts of intermittent turbulence. Even though turbulence is faster than chemistry during daytime, both processes have comparable time scales in the lower canopy layers during nighttime conditions. Nonchemical loss time scales (associated with stomatal uptake and dry deposition) for the entire forest are comparable to turbulent mixing time scale in the lower canopy during the day and in the entire canopy during the night, indicating a tight coupling between turbulent transport and dry deposition and stomatal uptake processes. Because of the significant time of day and height variability of the turbulent mixing time scale inside the canopy, it is important to take it into account when studying chemical and biophysical processes happening in the forest environment. In conclusion, the method proposed here to estimate turbulent mixing time scales is a reliable alternative to currently used models, especially for situations in which the vertical distribution of the time scale is relevant.},
doi = {10.1002/2016JD026009},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 5,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Mon Feb 27 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Web of Science
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