Opto-valleytronic imaging of atomically thin semiconductors

Neumann, Andre; Lindlau, Jessica; Colombier, Léo; Nutz, Manuel; Najmaei, Sina; Lou, Jun; Mohite, Aditya D.; Yamaguchi, Hisato; Högele, Alexander

doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.282

Title: Opto-valleytronic imaging of atomically thin semiconductors

Journal Article · Mon Jan 16 04:00:00 UTC 2017 · Nature Nanotechnology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.282 · OSTI ID:1375888

Neumann, Andre ^[1]; Lindlau, Jessica ^[1]; Colombier, Léo ^[1]; Nutz, Manuel ^[1];

^[2]; Lou, Jun ^[2]; Mohite, Aditya D. ^[3]; Yamaguchi, Hisato ^[3]; Högele, Alexander ^[1]

Ludwig Maximilian Univ., Munchen (Germany)
Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors represent elementary components of layered heterostructures for emergent technologies beyond conventional opto-electronics. In their monolayer form they host electrons with quantized circular motion and associated valley polarization and valley coherence as key elements of opto-valleytronic functionality. Here, we introduce two-dimensional polarimetry as means of direct imaging of the valley pseudospin degree of freedom in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. Using MoS₂ as a representative material with valley-selective optical transitions, we establish quantitative image analysis for polarimetric maps of extended crystals, and identify valley polarization and valley coherence as sensitive probes of crystalline disorder. Moreover, we find site-dependent thermal and non-thermal regimes of valley-polarized excitons in perpendicular magnetic fields. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of widefield polarimetry for rapid inspection of opto-valleytronic devices based on atomically thin semiconductors and heterostructures.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1375888

Report Number(s):: LA--UR-17-25599

Journal Information:: Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Name: Nature Nanotechnology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 12; ISSN 1748-3387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (40)

Theory of neutral and charged excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides Berkelbach, Timothy C.; Hybertsen, Mark S.; Reichman, David R. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.88.045318	journal	July 2013
Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂ Splendiani, Andrea; Sun, Liang; Zhang, Yuanbo Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 4, p. 1271-1275 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903868w	journal	April 2010
Exciton diamagnetic shifts and valley Zeeman effects in monolayer WS2 and MoS2 to 65 Tesla Stier, Andreas V.; McCreary, Kathleen M.; Jonker, Berend T. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10643	journal	February 2016
Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide Cao, Ting; Wang, Gang; Han, Wenpeng Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1882	journal	January 2012
Magnetoelectric effects and valley-controlled spin quantum gates in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers Gong, Zhirui; Liu, Gui-Bin; Yu, Hongyi Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3053	journal	June 2013
Grains and grain boundaries in highly crystalline monolayer molybdenum disulphide van der Zande, Arend M.; Huang, Pinshane Y.; Chenet, Daniel A. Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 6, p. 554-561 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3633	journal	May 2013
Vapour phase growth and grain boundary structure of molybdenum disulphide atomic layers Najmaei, Sina; Liu, Zheng; Zhou, Wu Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 8, p. 754-759 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3673	journal	June 2013
Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping Zeng, Hualing; Dai, Junfeng; Yao, Wang Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.95	journal	June 2012
Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity Mak, Kin Fai; He, Keliang; Shan, Jie Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.96	journal	June 2012
Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 Jones, Aaron M.; Yu, Hongyi; Ghimire, Nirmal J. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.151	journal	August 2013
Optically active quantum dots in monolayer WSe2 Srivastava, Ajit; Sidler, Meinrad; Allain, Adrien V. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.60	journal	May 2015
Single photon emitters in exfoliated WSe2 structures Koperski, M.; Nogajewski, K.; Arora, A. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.67	journal	May 2015
Single quantum emitters in monolayer semiconductors He, Yu-Ming; Clark, Genevieve; Schaibley, John R. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.75	journal	May 2015
Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor Chakraborty, Chitraleema; Kinnischtzke, Laura; Goodfellow, Kenneth M. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.79	journal	May 2015
Electrical tuning of valley magnetic moment through symmetry control in bilayer MoS2 Wu, Sanfeng; Ross, Jason S.; Liu, Gui-Bin Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2524	journal	January 2013
Spin–layer locking effects in optical orientation of exciton spin in bilayer WSe2 Jones, Aaron M.; Yu, Hongyi; Ross, Jason S. Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2848	journal	January 2014
Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides Xu, Xiaodong; Yao, Wang; Xiao, Di Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2942	journal	April 2014
Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2 Aivazian, G.; Gong, Zhirui; Jones, Aaron M. Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3201	journal	January 2015
Valley Zeeman effect in elementary optical excitations of monolayer WSe2 Srivastava, Ajit; Sidler, Meinrad; Allain, Adrien V. Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3203	journal	January 2015
Valley filter and valley valve in graphene Rycerz, A.; Tworzydło, J.; Beenakker, C. W. J. Nature Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 3, p. 172-175 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys547	journal	February 2007
Defects activated photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors: interplay between bound, charged and free excitons Tongay, Sefaattin; Suh, Joonki; Ataca, Can Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02657	journal	September 2013
Well separated trion and neutral excitons on superacid treated MoS ₂ monolayers Cadiz, Fabian; Tricard, Simon; Gay, Maxime Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954837	journal	June 2016
Anomalously robust valley polarization and valley coherence in bilayer WS2 Zhu, B.; Zeng, H.; Dai, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406960111	journal	July 2014
Magneto-optics in transition metal diselenide monolayers Wang, G.; Bouet, L.; Glazov, M. M. 2D Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/2/3/034002	journal	June 2015
Exciton spin dynamics in quantum wells Maialle, M. Z.; de Andrada e. Silva, E. A.; Sham, L. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 47, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.47.15776	journal	June 1993
AlAs two-dimensional electrons in an antidot lattice: Electron pinball with elliptical Fermi contours Gunawan, O.; De Poortere, E. P.; Shayegan, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.081304	journal	February 2007
Robust optical emission polarization in MoS 2 monolayers through selective valley excitation Sallen, G.; Bouet, L.; Marie, X. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.081301	journal	August 2012
Exciton fine structure and spin decoherence in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides Glazov, M. M.; Amand, T.; Marie, X. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.201302	journal	May 2014
Valley depolarization due to intervalley and intravalley electron-hole exchange interactions in monolayer MoS 2 Yu, T.; Wu, M. W. Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.89.205303	journal	May 2014
Valley dynamics probed through charged and neutral exciton emission in monolayer WSe 2 Wang, G.; Bouet, L.; Lagarde, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075413	journal	August 2014
Atomically Thin MoS2 A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor Mak, Kin Fai; Lee, Changgu; Hone, James Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 13, Article No.136805 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.136805	journal	September 2010
Valley-Based Noise-Resistant Quantum Computation Using Si Quantum Dots Culcer, Dimitrie; Saraiva, A. L.; Koiller, Belita Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.126804	journal	March 2012
Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of MoS 2 and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides Xiao, Di; Liu, Gui-Bin; Feng, Wanxiang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.196802	journal	May 2012
Carrier and Polarization Dynamics in Monolayer MoS 2 Lagarde, D.; Bouet, L.; Marie, X. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.047401	journal	January 2014
Valley Splitting and Polarization by the Zeeman Effect in Monolayer MoSe 2 Li, Yilei; Ludwig, Jonathan; Low, Tony Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.266804	journal	December 2014
Breaking of Valley Degeneracy by Magnetic Field in Monolayer MoSe 2 MacNeill, David; Heikes, Colin; Mak, Kin Fai Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.037401	journal	January 2015
Giant Enhancement of the Optical Second-Harmonic Emission of WSe 2 Monolayers by Laser Excitation at Exciton Resonances Wang, G.; Marie, X.; Gerber, I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.097403	journal	March 2015
The valley Hall effect in MoS2 transistors Mak, K. F.; McGill, K. L.; Park, J. Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6191 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250140	journal	June 2014
Electrically Switchable Chiral Light-Emitting Transistor Zhang, Y. J.; Oka, T.; Suzuki, R. Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6185 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251329	journal	April 2014
Ultrafast generation of pseudo-magnetic field for valley excitons in WSe ₂ monolayers Kim, Jonghwan; Hong, Xiaoping; Jin, Chenhao Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6214 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258122	journal	December 2014

Cited By (20)

Evidence for line width and carrier screening effects on excitonic valley relaxation in 2D semiconductors Miyauchi, Yuhei; Konabe, Satoru; Wang, Feijiu Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04988-x	journal	July 2018
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000098461	text	January 2019
Highly Stable Field Emission from a Tungsten Diselenide Monolayer on Zinc Oxide Nanowire by Geometrically Modulating Hot Electrons Chen, Yicong; Liu, Liwei; Zheng, Keshuang Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201900128	journal	June 2019
The role of momentum-dark excitons in the elementary optical response of bilayer WSe2 Lindlau, Jessica; Selig, Malte; Neumann, Andre Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04877-3	journal	July 2018
Evidence for line width and carrier screening effects on excitonic valley relaxation in 2D semiconductors Miyauchi, Yuhei; Konabe, Satoru; Wang, Feijiu Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04988-x	journal	July 2018
Tuning the Fröhlich exciton-phonon scattering in monolayer MoS2 Miller, Bastian; Lindlau, Jessica; Bommert, Max Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08764-3	journal	February 2019
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50316-8	journal	September 2019
Electromagnetic plasmonic field of nanoparticles tune the band gap of two-dimensional semiconducting materials Obiakara, Chinedu; Mahmoud, Mahmoud A. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc00068b	journal	January 2019
Spectrally narrow exciton luminescence from monolayer MoS ₂ and MoSe ₂ exfoliated onto epitaxially grown hexagonal BN Courtade, E.; Han, B.; Nakhaie, S. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5033554	journal	July 2018
Control of spin and valley Hall effects in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides by magnetic proximity effect Da, Haixia; Song, Qi; Dong, Peng Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5118327	journal	January 2020
Perfect absorption in transition metal dichalcogenides-based dielectric grating Nong, Jianqi; Da, Haixia; Fang, Qian Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aad608	journal	August 2018
Dark and bright exciton formation, thermalization, and photoluminescence in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides Selig, Malte; Berghäuser, Gunnar; Richter, Marten 2D Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aabea3	journal	May 2018
High optical quality of MoS ₂ monolayers grown by chemical vapor deposition Shree, Shivangi; George, Antony; Lehnert, Tibor 2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ab4f1f	journal	November 2019
Defect-Induced Modification of Low-Lying Excitons and Valley Selectivity in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Refaely-Abramson, Sivan; Qiu, Diana Y.; Louie, Steven G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.121.167402	journal	October 2018
Excitonic Linewidth Approaching the Homogeneous Limit in MoS 2 -Based van der Waals Heterostructures Cadiz, F.; Courtade, E.; Robert, C. Physical Review X, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.7.021026	journal	May 2017
Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides Wang, Gang; Chernikov, Alexey; Glazov, Mikhail M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001	journal	April 2018
Giant Valley Coherence at Room Temperature in 3R WS ₂ with Broken Inversion Symmetry Du, Luojun; Tang, Jian; Liang, Jing Research, Vol. 2019 https://doi.org/10.34133/2019/6494565	journal	October 2019
Defect-induced modification of low-lying excitons and valley selectivity in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides Refaely-Abramson, Sivan; Qiu, Diana Y.; Louie, Steven G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.05719	text	January 2018
Colloquium : Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides Wang, Gang; Chernikov, Alexey; Glazov, Mikhail M. Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.40518	text	January 2018
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000098461	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Trion valley coherence in monolayer semiconductors

Journal Article · Mon May 22 04:00:00 UTC 2017 · 2D Materials · OSTI ID:1463270

Hao, Kai; Xu, Lixiang; Wu, Fengcheng; +8 more

Photon-Electron Interactions in Dirac Quantum Materials

Technical Report · Fri Nov 10 04:00:00 UTC 2017 · OSTI ID:1408272

Xu, Xiaodong

Optical manipulation of valley pseudospin

Journal Article · Mon Sep 19 04:00:00 UTC 2016 · Nature Physics · OSTI ID:1361075

Ye, Ziliang; Sun, Dezheng; Heinz, Tony F.

Related Subjects

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
Imaging techniques
Two-dimensional materials

Title: Opto-valleytronic imaging of atomically thin semiconductors

Citation Formats

References (40)

Cited By (20)

Similar Records

Related Subjects