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Title: Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

Abstract

The modern power system is progressing from a synchronous machine-based system towards an inverter-dominated system, with a large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like wind and photovoltaics. RES units today represent a major share of the generation, and the traditional approach of integrating themas grid following units can lead to frequency instability. Many researchers have pointed towards using inverters with virtual inertia control algorithms so that they appear as synchronous generators to the grid, maintaining and enhancing system stability. Our paper presents a literature review of the current state-of-the-art of virtual inertia implementation techniques, and explores potential research directions and challenges. The major virtual inertia topologies are compared and classified. Through literature review and simulations of some selected topologies it has been shown that similar inertial response can be achieved by relating the parameters of these topologies through time constants and inertia constants, although the exact frequency dynamics may vary slightly. The suitability of a topology depends on system control architecture and desired level of detail in replication of the dynamics of synchronous generators. We present a discussion on the challenges and research directions which points out several research needs, especially for systems level integration of virtual inertia systems.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
  2. Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Dept. of Power and Energy Systems
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
OSTI Identifier:
1375247
Report Number(s):
INL/JOU-17-42403
Journal ID: ISSN 2076-3417; ASPCC7; PII: app7070654
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC07-05ID14517
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Applied Sciences
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2076-3417
Publisher:
MDPI
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION; 17 WIND ENERGY; 14 SOLAR ENERGY; Frequency stability; microgrid control; renewable energy; virtual inertia

Citation Formats

Tamrakar, Ujjwol, Shrestha, Dipesh, Maharjan, Manisha, Bhattarai, Bishnu, Hansen, Timothy, and Tonkoski, Reinaldo. Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3390/app7070654.
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Tamrakar, Ujjwol, Shrestha, Dipesh, Maharjan, Manisha, Bhattarai, Bishnu, Hansen, Timothy, & Tonkoski, Reinaldo. Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions. United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070654
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Tamrakar, Ujjwol, Shrestha, Dipesh, Maharjan, Manisha, Bhattarai, Bishnu, Hansen, Timothy, and Tonkoski, Reinaldo. Mon . "Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions". United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070654. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1375247.
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@article{osti_1375247,
title = {Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions},
author = {Tamrakar, Ujjwol and Shrestha, Dipesh and Maharjan, Manisha and Bhattarai, Bishnu and Hansen, Timothy and Tonkoski, Reinaldo},
abstractNote = {The modern power system is progressing from a synchronous machine-based system towards an inverter-dominated system, with a large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like wind and photovoltaics. RES units today represent a major share of the generation, and the traditional approach of integrating themas grid following units can lead to frequency instability. Many researchers have pointed towards using inverters with virtual inertia control algorithms so that they appear as synchronous generators to the grid, maintaining and enhancing system stability. Our paper presents a literature review of the current state-of-the-art of virtual inertia implementation techniques, and explores potential research directions and challenges. The major virtual inertia topologies are compared and classified. Through literature review and simulations of some selected topologies it has been shown that similar inertial response can be achieved by relating the parameters of these topologies through time constants and inertia constants, although the exact frequency dynamics may vary slightly. The suitability of a topology depends on system control architecture and desired level of detail in replication of the dynamics of synchronous generators. We present a discussion on the challenges and research directions which points out several research needs, especially for systems level integration of virtual inertia systems.},
doi = {10.3390/app7070654},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
number = 7,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070654
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