Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table

Johnstone, Erik V.; Yates, Mary Anne; Poineau, Frederic; Sattelberger, Alfred P.; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00343

Title: Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table

Abstract

The radioactive nature of technetium is discussed using a combination of introductory nuclear physics concepts and empirical trends observed in the chart of the nuclides and the periodic table of the elements. Trends such as the enhanced stability of nucleon pairs, magic numbers, and Mattauch's rule are described. Here, the concepts of nuclear binding energies and the nuclear shell model are introduced and used to explain the relative stability of radionuclides and, in particular, the isotopes of technetium.

Authors:

^[1]; Yates, Mary Anne ^[2]; Poineau, Frederic ^[1]; Sattelberger, Alfred P. ^[3]; Czerwinski, Kenneth R. ^[1]

Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: Univ. of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 1368098

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Chemical Education

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 94; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9584

Publisher:: American Chemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Upper-division undergraduate; atomic properties; inorganic chemistry; nuclear/radiochemistry; transition elements

Citation Formats


                    Johnstone, Erik V., Yates, Mary Anne, Poineau, Frederic, Sattelberger, Alfred P., and Czerwinski, Kenneth R. Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00343.

Copy to clipboard


                    Johnstone, Erik V., Yates, Mary Anne, Poineau, Frederic, Sattelberger, Alfred P., & Czerwinski, Kenneth R. Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00343

Copy to clipboard


                    Johnstone, Erik V., Yates, Mary Anne, Poineau, Frederic, Sattelberger, Alfred P., and Czerwinski, Kenneth R. Tue .  
"Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00343.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1368098.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1368098,

  title        = {Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table},

  author       = {Johnstone, Erik V. and Yates, Mary Anne and Poineau, Frederic and Sattelberger, Alfred P. and Czerwinski, Kenneth R.},

  abstractNote = {The radioactive nature of technetium is discussed using a combination of introductory nuclear physics concepts and empirical trends observed in the chart of the nuclides and the periodic table of the elements. Trends such as the enhanced stability of nucleon pairs, magic numbers, and Mattauch's rule are described. Here, the concepts of nuclear binding energies and the nuclear shell model are introduced and used to explain the relative stability of radionuclides and, in particular, the isotopes of technetium.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00343},

  journal      = {Journal of Chemical Education},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 94,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Tue Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00343

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 22 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Radioactivity: A natural phenomenon
journal, September 1990

Ronneau, C.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 67, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/ed067p736

Radioactivity in Everyday Life
journal, May 1997

Hutchison, S. G.; Hutchison, F. I.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 74, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/ed074p501

Radioactivity: Henri Becquerel
journal, October 1962

Garrett, Alfred B.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 39, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1021/ed039p533

Artificial Radioactivity.
journal, August 1940

Seaborg, Glenn T.
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 27, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/cr60086a007

Nuclear Energy
journal, May 1980

Mickey, Charles D.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 57, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/ed057p360

LXIII.—The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements
journal, January 1889

Mendeléeff, Dmitri
Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, Vol. 55, Issue 0, p. 634-656
DOI: 10.1039/CT8895500634

The search for technetium in nature
journal, September 1962

Kenna, B. T.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 39, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1021/ed039p436

From Masurium to Trinacrium: The Troubled Story of Element 43
journal, February 2005

Zingales, Roberto
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 82, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/ed082p221

Technetium, the missing element
journal, March 1996

de Jonge, Frederik A. A.; Pauwels, Ernest K. J.
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 23, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/BF00837634

XL. Cathode Rays
journal, October 1897

Thomson, J. J.
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 44, Issue 269
DOI: 10.1080/14786449708621070

LXXIX. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom
journal, May 1911

Rutherford, E.
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 21, Issue 125
DOI: 10.1080/14786440508637080

VIII.—The chemistry of mesothorium
journal, January 1911

Soddy, Frederick
J. Chem. Soc., Trans., Vol. 99, Issue 0
DOI: 10.1039/CT9119900072

LXXX. The high-frequency spectra of the elements. Part II
journal, April 1914

Moseley, H. G. J.
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol. 27, Issue 160
DOI: 10.1080/14786440408635141

Technetium—Element 43
journal, April 1951

Hackney, J. C.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 28, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/ed028p186

Some Chemical Properties of Element 43
journal, September 1937

Perrier, C.; Segrè, E.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.1750105

Technetium : The Element of Atomic Number 43
journal, January 1947

Perrier, C.; SegrÈ, E.
Nature, Vol. 159, Issue 4027
DOI: 10.1038/159024a0

Isolation of naturally occurring technetium
journal, December 1961

Kenna, B. T.; Kuroda, P. K.
Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80098-5

Technetium in nature
journal, April 1964

Kenna, B. T.; Kuroda, P. K.
Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 26, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(64)80280-3

Spectroscopic Observations of Stars of Class
journal, July 1952

Merrill, S. Paul W.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 116
DOI: 10.1086/145589

Technetium in the N-Type Star 19 PISCIUM
journal, February 1956

Merrill, Paul W.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68
DOI: 10.1086/126883

Technetium: Chemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Applications
book, February 2000

Schwochau, Klaus
DOI: 10.1002/9783527613366

Technetium and promethium
journal, January 1959

Boyd, G. E.
Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 36, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/ed036p3

Metal-Based Radiopharmaceuticals
book, January 2011

Alberto, Roger
Bioinorganic Medicinal Chemistry
DOI: 10.1002/9783527633104.ch9

Recent Advances in Technetium Halide Chemistry
journal, December 2013

Poineau, Frederic; Johnstone, Erik V.; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.
Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 47, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/ar400225b

A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple Metal-Metal Bonds: A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple M-M Bonds
journal, June 2014

Poineau, Frederic; Forster, Paul M.; Todorova, Tanya K.
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 2014, Issue 27
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402340

Water-stable fac -{TcO ₃ } ⁺ Complexes – A New Field of Technetium Chemistry
journal, October 2011

Braband, Henrik
CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, Vol. 65, Issue 10
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2011.776

Tabelle Riassuntive e Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali
journal, June 1935

Fea, Giorgio
Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 12, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF02958685

Fifty Years up and down a Strenuous and Scenic Trail
journal, December 1981

Segre, Emilio
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 31, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ns.31.120181.000245

Table of Isotopes
journal, January 1944

Seaborg, Glenn T.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.16.1

Table of Isotopes
journal, October 1948

Seaborg, G. T.; Perlman, I.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.20.585

Table of Isotopes
journal, April 1953

Hollander, J. M.; Perlman, I.; Seaborg, G. T.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 25, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.25.469

Table of Isotopes
journal, April 1958

Strominger, D.; Hollander, J. M.; Seaborg, G. T.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 30, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.30.585

Sur le principe de Pauli dans les noyaux - III.
journal, January 1934

Elsasser, W. M.
Journal de Physique et le Radium, Vol. 5, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1051/jphysrad:01934005012063500

On Closed Shells in Nuclei
journal, August 1948

Mayer, Maria G.
Physical Review, Vol. 74, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.74.235

On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure
journal, June 1949

Haxel, Otto; Jensen, J. Hans D.; Suess, Hans E.
Physical Review, Vol. 75, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.75.1766.2

On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II
journal, June 1949

Mayer, Maria Goeppert
Physical Review, Vol. 75, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.75.1969

Zur Systematik der Isotopen
journal, May 1934

Mattauch, J.
Zeitschrift f�r Physik, Vol. 91, Issue 5-6
DOI: 10.1007/BF01342557

Shape transition of nuclei with mass around A = 100
journal, August 1990

Michiaki, Sugita; Akito, Arima
Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 515, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0375-9474(90)90323-E

Shell-model calculations for the A approximately 100 region: application to the even-Z N=52 isotones ⁹² Zr- ¹⁰⁰ Cd
journal, November 1993

Halse, P.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/19/11/013

States built on the 9/2+ isomers in 91, 93Y
journal, September 2012

Fotiades, N.; Cizewski, J. A.; Krücken, R.
The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 48, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2012-12117-3

Half-Lives of Technetium 97, 98
journal, January 1993

Kobayashi, Takayuki; Sueki, Keisuke; Ebihara, Mitsuru
Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 63, Issue s1
DOI: 10.1524/ract.1993.63.special-issue.29

Works referencing / citing this record:

Technetium Nitrido-Peroxo Complexes: An Unexplored Class of Coordination Compounds
journal, December 2019

Pasquali, Micol; Janevik-Ivanovska, Emilija; Duatti, Adriano
Inorganics, Vol. 7, Issue 12
DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7120142

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Uncovering Magic Isotopes with the Power of HPC

Journal Article Harken, Rachel - Computing in Science and Engineering

Where do elements come from? How does the strong force bind subatomic particles into nuclei? What can scientists understand from nuclei with unusual proton–neutron ratios? Nuclear physicists at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are seeking answers to such questions with the help of powerful supercomputers. The element tin is of particular interest to ORNL. In 2010, ORNL researchers discovered that the nucleus of a tin isotope, tin-132, was doubly “magic.” Isotopes are deemed magic when they have nucleons (positively charged proton particles or neutrally charged neutron particles) that complete a shell within the nucleus,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2018.042781333

Full Text Available
Lecture notes for introduction to nuclear engineering 101

Technical Report Fullwood, R. ; Cadwell, J.

The lecture notes for introductory nuclear engineering are provided for Department of Energy personnel that are recent graduates, transfers from non-nuclear industries, and people with minimum engineering training. The material assumes a knowledge of algebra and elementary calculus. These notes support and supplement a three-hour lecture. The reader is led into the subject from the familiar macroscopic world to the microscopic world of atoms and the parts of atoms called elementary particles. Only a passing reference is made to the very extensive world of quarks and tansitory particles to concentrate on those associated with radioactivity and fission. The Einsteinian truthmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/5111388

Full Text Available
Lecture notes for introduction to nuclear engineering 101

Technical Report Fullwood, R ; Cadwell, J

The lecture notes for introductory nuclear engineering are provided for Department of Energy personnel that are recent graduates, transfers from non-nuclear industries, and people with minimum engineering training. The material assumes a knowledge of algebra and elementary calculus. These notes support and supplement a three-hour lecture. The reader is led into the subject from the familiar macroscopic world to the microscopic world of atoms and the parts of atoms called elementary particles. Only a passing reference is made to the very extensive world of quarks and tansitory particles to concentrate on those associated with radioactivity and fission. The Einsteinian truthmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/10154545

Full Text Available
Calculated fission-fragment yield systematics in the region 74 <=Z <= 94 and 90 <=N <= 150

Journal Article Möller, Peter ; Randrup, Jørgen - Physical Review C, Nuclear Physics

Background: In the seminal experiment by Schmidt et al. [Nucl. Phys. A 665, 221 (2000)] in which fission-fragment charge distributions were obtained for 70 nuclides, asymmetric distributions were seen above nucleon number A ≈ 226 and symmetric ones below. Because asymmetric fission had often loosely been explained as a preference for the nucleus to always exploit the extra binding of fragments near ¹³²Sn it was assumed that all systems below A ≈ 226 would fission symmetrically because available isotopes do not have a proton-to-neutron Z/N ratio that allows division into fragments near ¹³²Sn. But the finding by Andreyev et al.more »« less
Cited by 64
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.044316

Full Text Available
Structure of ${}^{78}{Ni}$ from First-Principles Computations

Journal Article Hagen, Gaute ; Jansen, Gustav R. ; Papenbrock, Thomas F. - Physical Review Letters

Doubly magic nuclei have a simple structure and are the cornerstones for entire regions of the nuclear chart. Theoretical insights into the supposedly doubly magic ⁷⁸Ni and its neighbors are challenging because of the extreme neutron-to-proton ratio and the proximity of the continuum. In this study, we predict the J^π = 2more »« less
Cited by 84
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.172501

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Technetium: The First Radioelement on the Periodic Table

Abstract

Citation Formats

Radioactivity: A natural phenomenon journal, September 1990

Radioactivity in Everyday Life journal, May 1997

Radioactivity: Henri Becquerel journal, October 1962

Artificial Radioactivity. journal, August 1940

Nuclear Energy journal, May 1980

LXIII.—The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements journal, January 1889

The search for technetium in nature journal, September 1962

From Masurium to Trinacrium: The Troubled Story of Element 43 journal, February 2005

Technetium, the missing element journal, March 1996

XL. Cathode Rays journal, October 1897

LXXIX. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom journal, May 1911

VIII.—The chemistry of mesothorium journal, January 1911

LXXX. The high-frequency spectra of the elements. Part II journal, April 1914

Technetium—Element 43 journal, April 1951

Some Chemical Properties of Element 43 journal, September 1937

Technetium : The Element of Atomic Number 43 journal, January 1947

Isolation of naturally occurring technetium journal, December 1961

Technetium in nature journal, April 1964

Spectroscopic Observations of Stars of Class journal, July 1952

Technetium in the N-Type Star 19 PISCIUM journal, February 1956

Technetium: Chemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Applications book, February 2000

Technetium and promethium journal, January 1959

Metal-Based Radiopharmaceuticals book, January 2011

Recent Advances in Technetium Halide Chemistry journal, December 2013

A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple Metal-Metal Bonds: A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple M-M Bonds journal, June 2014

Water-stable fac -{TcO 3 } + Complexes – A New Field of Technetium Chemistry journal, October 2011

Tabelle Riassuntive e Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali journal, June 1935

Fifty Years up and down a Strenuous and Scenic Trail journal, December 1981

Table of Isotopes journal, January 1944

Table of Isotopes journal, October 1948

Table of Isotopes journal, April 1953

Table of Isotopes journal, April 1958

Sur le principe de Pauli dans les noyaux - III. journal, January 1934

On Closed Shells in Nuclei journal, August 1948

On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure journal, June 1949

On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II journal, June 1949

Zur Systematik der Isotopen journal, May 1934

Shape transition of nuclei with mass around A = 100 journal, August 1990

Shell-model calculations for the A approximately 100 region: application to the even-Z N=52 isotones 92 Zr- 100 Cd journal, November 1993

States built on the 9/2+ isomers in 91, 93Y journal, September 2012

Half-Lives of Technetium 97, 98 journal, January 1993

Technetium Nitrido-Peroxo Complexes: An Unexplored Class of Coordination Compounds journal, December 2019

Radioactivity: A natural phenomenon
journal, September 1990

Radioactivity in Everyday Life
journal, May 1997

Radioactivity: Henri Becquerel
journal, October 1962

Artificial Radioactivity.
journal, August 1940

Nuclear Energy
journal, May 1980

LXIII.—The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements
journal, January 1889

The search for technetium in nature
journal, September 1962

From Masurium to Trinacrium: The Troubled Story of Element 43
journal, February 2005

Technetium, the missing element
journal, March 1996

XL. Cathode Rays
journal, October 1897

LXXIX. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom
journal, May 1911

VIII.—The chemistry of mesothorium
journal, January 1911

LXXX. The high-frequency spectra of the elements. Part II
journal, April 1914

Technetium—Element 43
journal, April 1951

Some Chemical Properties of Element 43
journal, September 1937

Technetium : The Element of Atomic Number 43
journal, January 1947

Isolation of naturally occurring technetium
journal, December 1961

Technetium in nature
journal, April 1964

Spectroscopic Observations of Stars of Class
journal, July 1952

Technetium in the N-Type Star 19 PISCIUM
journal, February 1956

Technetium: Chemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Applications
book, February 2000

Technetium and promethium
journal, January 1959

Metal-Based Radiopharmaceuticals
book, January 2011

Recent Advances in Technetium Halide Chemistry
journal, December 2013

A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple Metal-Metal Bonds: A Decade of Dinuclear Technetium Complexes with Multiple M-M Bonds
journal, June 2014

Water-stable fac -{TcO ₃ } ⁺ Complexes – A New Field of Technetium Chemistry
journal, October 2011

Tabelle Riassuntive e Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali
journal, June 1935

Fifty Years up and down a Strenuous and Scenic Trail
journal, December 1981

Table of Isotopes
journal, January 1944

Table of Isotopes
journal, October 1948

Table of Isotopes
journal, April 1953

Table of Isotopes
journal, April 1958

Sur le principe de Pauli dans les noyaux - III.
journal, January 1934

On Closed Shells in Nuclei
journal, August 1948

On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure
journal, June 1949

On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II
journal, June 1949

Zur Systematik der Isotopen
journal, May 1934

Shape transition of nuclei with mass around A = 100
journal, August 1990

Shell-model calculations for the A approximately 100 region: application to the even-Z N=52 isotones ⁹² Zr- ¹⁰⁰ Cd
journal, November 1993

States built on the 9/2+ isomers in 91, 93Y
journal, September 2012

Half-Lives of Technetium 97, 98
journal, January 1993

Technetium Nitrido-Peroxo Complexes: An Unexplored Class of Coordination Compounds
journal, December 2019