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Title: Gamma/neutron time-correlation for special nuclear material detection – Active stimulation of highly enriched uranium

Abstract

The time-correlated pulse-height technique can distinguish multiplying (special nuclear material) from non-multiplying sources. The technique relies upon the measurement of correlated photon–neutron pairs using organic liquid scintillation detectors. For such interactions, the distribution of measured neutron recoil energy versus the time-of-flight difference between correlated photons and neutrons are imprinted with the fission chain dynamics of the source. The theoretical time-of-arrival assuming the photons and neutrons are created in the same fission is calculated. Correlated pairs with longer time-of-arrival indicate delays caused by self-induced fission chains in a multiplying source. For the specific circumstances of simulated measurements of 25.4 kg of highly enriched uranium at 50 cm source to detector distance, correlated pairs from fission chains can arrive upwards of 40 ns later than correlated pairs with the same neutron energies from non-multiplying sources like 252Cf at the same source detector distance. The use of detectors with ns scale time resolution and the use of pulse digitization allows for the distinction of these events. This method has been used successfully in the past to measure a variety of plutonium-bearing samples. The particle transport code MCNPX-PoliMi has been used to simulate and validate these measurements as well. Due to the much lowermore » signature emission rate of 235U, this technique has not yet been used to measure the presence of highly enriched uranium. In this work we therefore explore the use of the timecorrelated pulse-height technique with the introduction of an interrogating neutron source to stimulate fission. The applicability of 252Cf, AmLi and a DD generator neutron sources is explored in a series of simulations. All three sources are viable options with their own pros and cons with the choice of appropriate source depending upon the intended application. The TCPH technique is envisioned as a viable measurement solution of special nuclear material in situations in which the presence of shielding material disqualifies the use of passive gamma spectroscopy or gamma spectroscopy reveals classified information on the special nuclear material’s isotopic composition.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [1];  [1]
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  1. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of Homeland Security (DHS); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
OSTI Identifier:
1096490
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1365680
Report Number(s):
SAND-2013-7442; SAND-2014-0707J
Journal ID: ISSN 0306-4549; PII: S0306454914002667
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000; NA0002534
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Annals of Nuclear Energy (Oxford)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Annals of Nuclear Energy (Oxford); Journal Volume: 72; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0306-4549
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; 98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL PROTECTION; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Active interrogation; Special nuclear material; Monte Carlo simulations; Radiation detection

Citation Formats

Paff, Marc G., Monterial, Mateusz, Marleau, Peter, Kiff, Scott, Nowack, Aaron, Clarke, Shaun D., and Pozzi, Sara A. Gamma/neutron time-correlation for special nuclear material detection – Active stimulation of highly enriched uranium. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2014.06.004.
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Paff, Marc G., Monterial, Mateusz, Marleau, Peter, Kiff, Scott, Nowack, Aaron, Clarke, Shaun D., & Pozzi, Sara A. Gamma/neutron time-correlation for special nuclear material detection – Active stimulation of highly enriched uranium. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2014.06.004
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Paff, Marc G., Monterial, Mateusz, Marleau, Peter, Kiff, Scott, Nowack, Aaron, Clarke, Shaun D., and Pozzi, Sara A. Sat . "Gamma/neutron time-correlation for special nuclear material detection – Active stimulation of highly enriched uranium". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2014.06.004. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1096490.
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@article{osti_1096490,
title = {Gamma/neutron time-correlation for special nuclear material detection – Active stimulation of highly enriched uranium},
author = {Paff, Marc G. and Monterial, Mateusz and Marleau, Peter and Kiff, Scott and Nowack, Aaron and Clarke, Shaun D. and Pozzi, Sara A.},
abstractNote = {The time-correlated pulse-height technique can distinguish multiplying (special nuclear material) from non-multiplying sources. The technique relies upon the measurement of correlated photon–neutron pairs using organic liquid scintillation detectors. For such interactions, the distribution of measured neutron recoil energy versus the time-of-flight difference between correlated photons and neutrons are imprinted with the fission chain dynamics of the source. The theoretical time-of-arrival assuming the photons and neutrons are created in the same fission is calculated. Correlated pairs with longer time-of-arrival indicate delays caused by self-induced fission chains in a multiplying source. For the specific circumstances of simulated measurements of 25.4 kg of highly enriched uranium at 50 cm source to detector distance, correlated pairs from fission chains can arrive upwards of 40 ns later than correlated pairs with the same neutron energies from non-multiplying sources like 252Cf at the same source detector distance. The use of detectors with ns scale time resolution and the use of pulse digitization allows for the distinction of these events. This method has been used successfully in the past to measure a variety of plutonium-bearing samples. The particle transport code MCNPX-PoliMi has been used to simulate and validate these measurements as well. Due to the much lower signature emission rate of 235U, this technique has not yet been used to measure the presence of highly enriched uranium. In this work we therefore explore the use of the timecorrelated pulse-height technique with the introduction of an interrogating neutron source to stimulate fission. The applicability of 252Cf, AmLi and a DD generator neutron sources is explored in a series of simulations. All three sources are viable options with their own pros and cons with the choice of appropriate source depending upon the intended application. The TCPH technique is envisioned as a viable measurement solution of special nuclear material in situations in which the presence of shielding material disqualifies the use of passive gamma spectroscopy or gamma spectroscopy reveals classified information on the special nuclear material’s isotopic composition.},
doi = {10.1016/j.anucene.2014.06.004},
journal = {Annals of Nuclear Energy (Oxford)},
number = C,
volume = 72,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Sat Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2014.06.004
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    The Feasibility Study for Multigeometries Identification of Uranium Components Using PCA-LSSVM Based on Correlation Measurements
    journal, January 2018

    • Zhou, Mi; Feng, Peng; Liu, Yixin
    • Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, Vol. 2018
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