Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Markarian 421: The missing piece of its spectral energy distribution

Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Bellazzini, R.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bonamente, E.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Brigida, M.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Buson, S.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Cannon, A.; Caraveo, P. A.; Carrigan, S.; Casandjian, J. M.; Cavazzuti, E.; Cecchi, C.; Çelik, Ö.; Charles, E.; Chekhtman, A.; Chiang, J.; Ciprini, S.; Claus, R.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Conrad, J.; Cutini, S.; de Angelis, A.; de Palma, F.; Dermer, C. D.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Dumora, D.; Escande, L.; Favuzzi, C.; Fegan, S. J.; Finke, J.; Focke, W. B.; Fortin, P.; Frailis, M.; Fuhrmann, L.; Fukazawa, Y.; Fukuyama, T.; Funk, S.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Gasparrini, D.; Gehrels, N.; Georganopoulos, M.; Germani, S.; Giebels, B.; Giglietto, N.; Giommi, P.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Grenier, I. 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F. -W.; Sanchez, D.; Sander, A.; Sgrò, C.; Siskind, E. J.; Smith, P. D.; Spandre, G.; Spinelli, P.; Stawarz, Ł.; Stevenson, M.; Strickman, M. S.; Suson, D. J.; Takahashi, H.; Takahashi, T.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Thompson, D. J.; Tibaldo, L.; Torres, D. F.; Tosti, G.; Tramacere, A.; Troja, E.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Vasileiou, V.; Vianello, G.; Vilchez, N.; Vitale, V.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.; Wehrle, A. E.; Winer, B. L.; Wood, K. S.; Yang, Z.; Yatsu, Y.; Ylinen, T.; Zensus, J. A.; Ziegler, M.; Aleksić, J.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; Backes, M.; Barrio, J. A.; González, J. Becerra; Bednarek, W.; Berdyugin, A.; Berger, K.; Bernardini, E.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bock, R. K.; Boller, A.; Bonnoli, G.; Bordas, P.; Tridon, D. Borla; Bosch-Ramon, V.; Bose, D.; Braun, I.; Bretz, T.; Camara, M.; Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; Dazzi, F.; de Angelis, A.; De Cea del Pozo, E.; Mendez, C. 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P.; Krimm, H. A.; Lister, M. L.; Moody, J. W.; Maccaferri, G.; Mori, Y.; Nestoras, I.; Orlati, A.; Pace, C.; Pagani, C.; Pearson, R.; Perri, M.; Piner, B. G.; Ros, E.; Sadun, A. C.; Sakamoto, T.; Tammi, J.; Zook, A.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/131

Title: Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of Markarian 421: The missing piece of its spectral energy distribution

Journal Article · Fri Jul 15 04:00:00 UTC 2011 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/131 · OSTI ID:1357205

Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Bellazzini, R.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bonamente, E.; Borgland, A. W.; Bouvier, A.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Brigida, M.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R. more »

Here, we report on the γ-ray activity of the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae object Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) during the first 1.5 years of Fermi operation, from 2008 August 5 to 2010 March 12. We find that the Large Area Telescope (LAT) γ-ray spectrum above 0.3 GeV can be well described by a power-law function with photon index Γ = 1.78 ± 0.02 and average photon flux F(> 0.3 GeV) = (7.23 ± 0.16) × 10^–8 ph cm^–2 s^–1. Over this time period, the Fermi-LAT spectrum above 0.3 GeV was evaluated on seven-day-long time intervals, showing significant variations in the photon flux (up to a factor ~3 from the minimum to the maximum flux) but mild spectral variations. The variability amplitude at X-ray frequencies measured by RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT is substantially larger than that in γ-rays measured by Fermi-LAT, and these two energy ranges are not significantly correlated. We also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign on Mrk 421, which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments that provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign (2009 January 19 to 2009 June 1). During this campaign, Mrk 421 showed a low activity at all wavebands. The extensive multi-instrument (radio to TeV) data set provides an unprecedented, complete look at the quiescent spectral energy distribution (SED) for this source. The broadband SED was reproduced with a leptonic (one-zone synchrotron self-Compton) and a hadronic model (synchrotron proton blazar). Both frameworks are able to describe the average SED reasonably well, implying comparable jet powers but very different characteristics for the blazar emission site.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Contributing Organization:: The Fermi-LAT Collaboration; The MAGIC Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1357205

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 736; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Probing an X-Ray Flare Pattern in Mrk 421 Induced by Multiple Stationary Shocks: A Solution to the Bulk Lorentz Factor Crisis Hervet, Olivier; Williams, David A.; Falcone, Abraham D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1906	journal	May 2019
X-Ray Intraday Variability of the TeV Blazar Mrk 421 with Suzaku Zhang, Zhongli; Gupta, Alok C.; Gaur, Haritma The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3f3a	journal	October 2019
Stable Radio Core of the Blazar Mrk 501 during High-energy Active State in 2012 Koyama, Shoko; Kino, Motoki; Doi, Akihiro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4260	journal	October 2019
Long-term Optical Polarization Variability and Multiwavelength Analysis of Blazar Mrk 421 Fraija, N.; Benítez, E.; Hiriart, D. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 232, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa82cc	journal	August 2017
On the Jet Properties of γ -Ray-loud Active Galactic Nuclei Chen, Liang The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 235, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aab8fb	journal	April 2018
New Hard-TeV Extreme Blazars Detected with the MAGIC Telescopes Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 247, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab5b98	journal	February 2020
Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 248, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab89b5	journal	June 2020
Possible Accretion Disk Origin of the Emission Variability of a Blazar Jet Chatterjee, Ritaban; Roychowdhury, Agniva; Chandra, Sunil The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac48a	journal	May 2018
Axion-like particle imprint in cosmological very-high-energy sources Dominguez, A.; Sanchez-Conde, M. A.; Prada, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1106.1860	text	January 2011
Simultaneous Planck, Swift, and Fermi observations of X-ray and gamma-ray selected blazars Giommi, P.; Polenta, G.; Lahteenmaki, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1108.1114	text	January 2011
Compton Dominance and the Blazar Sequence Finke, Justin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1212.0869	text	January 2012
Mrk 421 as a case study for TeV and X-ray variability in leptohadronic models Mastichiadis, Apostolos; Petropoulou, Maria; Dimitrakoudis, Stavros arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.2957	text	January 2013
Discovery of high and very high-energy emission from the BL Lac object SHBL J001355.9-185406 Collaboration, H. E. S. S.; Abramowski, A.; Acero, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.4023	text	January 2013
Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010 Collaboration, The MAGIC; Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1412.3576	text	January 2014
The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for Dark-Matter Annihilation Ajello, M.; Gasparrini, D.; Sanchez-Conde, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1501.05301	text	January 2015
The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies Collaboration, Magic; Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.02650	text	January 2015
The F-GAMMA program: Multi-frequency study of Active Galactic Nuclei in the Fermi era. Program description and the first 2.5 years of monitoring Fuhrmann, L.; Angelakis, E.; Zensus, J. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.02580	text	January 2016
Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009 Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.09472	text	January 2016
General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars Paliya, Vaidehi S.; Marcotulli, L.; Ajello, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.01292	text	January 2017
The correlation between the total magnetic flux and the total jet power Nokhrina, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.08384	text	January 2018
Possible Accretion Disk Origin of the Emission Variability of a Blazar Jet Chatterjee, Ritaban; Roychowdhury, Agniva; Chandra, Sunil arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.06222	text	January 2018
Time dependent spectral modeling of Markarian 421 during a violent outburst in 2010 Banerjee, B.; Joshi, M.; Majumdar, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.01043	text	January 2019
New hard-TeV extreme blazars detected with the MAGIC telescopes Collaboration, Magic; Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.06680	text	January 2019
Multiband optical flux density and polarization microvariability study of optically bright blazars Pasierb, Magdalena; Goyal, Arti; Ostrowski, Michał arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.05505	text	January 2019

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