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Title: Determination of the Point-Spread Function for the FERMI Large Area Telescope from On-Orbit Data and Limits on Pair Halos of Active Galactic Nuclei

Abstract

We present the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to detect photons with energies from ≈20 MeV to >300 GeV. The pre-launch response functions of the LAT were determined through extensive Monte Carlo simulations and beam tests. The point-spread function (PSF) characterizing the angular distribution of reconstructed photons as a function of energy and geometry in the detector is determined here from two years of on-orbit data by examining the distributions of γ rays from pulsars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Above 3 GeV, the PSF is found to be broader than the pre-launch PSF. We checked for dependence of the PSF on the class of γ-ray source and observation epoch and found none. We also investigated several possible spatial models for pair-halo emission around BL Lac AGNs. Finally, we found no evidence for a component with spatial extension larger than the PSF and set upper limits on the amplitude of halo emission in stacked images of low- and high-redshift BL Lac AGNs and the TeV blazars 1ES0229+200 and 1ES0347–121.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
Contributing Org.:
Fermi-LAT Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1356597
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 765; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: active; galaxies: halos; gamma rays: galaxies; instrumentation: detectors; intergalactic medium

Citation Formats

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaty, S., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Colafrancesco, S., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grandi, P., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mignani, R. P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sanchez, D. A., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scargle, J. D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Snyder, A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stephens, T. E., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Waite, A. P., Wallace, E., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S. Determination of the Point-Spread Function for the FERMI Large Area Telescope from On-Orbit Data and Limits on Pair Halos of Active Galactic Nuclei. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/54.
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Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaty, S., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Colafrancesco, S., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grandi, P., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mignani, R. P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sanchez, D. A., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scargle, J. D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Snyder, A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stephens, T. E., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Waite, A. P., Wallace, E., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yang, Z., & Zimmer, S. Determination of the Point-Spread Function for the FERMI Large Area Telescope from On-Orbit Data and Limits on Pair Halos of Active Galactic Nuclei. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/54
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Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Asano, K., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaty, S., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Cillis, A. N., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Colafrancesco, S., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grandi, P., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lavalley, C., Lee, S. -H., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mignani, R. P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Pelassa, V., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sanchez, D. A., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scargle, J. D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Snyder, A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stephens, T. E., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., von Kienlin, A., Waite, A. P., Wallace, E., Weltevrede, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S. Fri . "Determination of the Point-Spread Function for the FERMI Large Area Telescope from On-Orbit Data and Limits on Pair Halos of Active Galactic Nuclei". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/54. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1356597.
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@article{osti_1356597,
title = {Determination of the Point-Spread Function for the FERMI Large Area Telescope from On-Orbit Data and Limits on Pair Halos of Active Galactic Nuclei},
author = {Ackermann, M. and Ajello, M. and Allafort, A. and Asano, K. and Atwood, W. B. and Baldini, L. and Ballet, J. and Barbiellini, G. and Bastieri, D. and Bechtol, K. and Bellazzini, R. and Bloom, E. D. and Bonamente, E. and Borgland, A. W. and Bottacini, E. and Brandt, T. J. and Bregeon, J. and Brigida, M. and Bruel, P. and Buehler, R. and Burnett, T. H. and Busetto, G. and Buson, S. and Caliandro, G. A. and Cameron, R. A. and Caraveo, P. A. and Casandjian, J. M. and Cecchi, C. and Charles, E. and Chaty, S. and Chekhtman, A. and Cheung, C. C. and Chiang, J. and Cillis, A. N. and Ciprini, S. and Claus, R. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Colafrancesco, S. and Conrad, J. and Cutini, S. and D'Ammando, F. and de Palma, F. and Dermer, C. D. and do Couto e Silva, E. and Drell, P. S. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Dubois, R. and Favuzzi, C. and Fegan, S. J. and Ferrara, E. C. and Focke, W. B. and Fortin, P. and Fukazawa, Y. and Funk, S. and Fusco, P. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrels, N. and Germani, S. and Giglietto, N. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Glanzman, T. and Godfrey, G. and Grandi, P. and Grenier, I. A. and Grove, J. E. and Guiriec, S. and Hadasch, D. and Hayashida, M. and Hays, E. and Horan, D. and Hou, X. and Hughes, R. E. and Jackson, M. S. and Jogler, T. and Jóhannesson, G. and Johnson, R. P. and Johnson, A. S. and Kamae, T. and Kataoka, J. and Kerr, M. and Knödlseder, J. and Kuss, M. and Lande, J. and Larsson, S. and Latronico, L. and Lavalley, C. and Lee, S. -H. and Longo, F. and Loparco, F. and Lott, B. and Lovellette, M. N. and Lubrano, P. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McConville, W. and McEnery, J. E. and Mehault, J. and Michelson, P. F. and Mignani, R. P. and Mitthumsiri, W. and Mizuno, T. and Moiseev, A. A. and Monte, C. and Monzani, M. E. and Morselli, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Murgia, S. and Naumann-Godo, M. and Nemmen, R. and Nishino, S. and Norris, J. P. and Nuss, E. and Ohsugi, T. and Omodei, N. and Orienti, M. and Orlando, E. and Ormes, J. F. and Paneque, D. and Panetta, J. H. and Pelassa, V. and Perkins, J. S. and Pesce-Rollins, M. and Pierbattista, M. and Piron, F. and Pivato, G. and Poon, H. and Porter, T. A. and Rainò, S. and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Razzaque, S. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Reyes, L. C. and Ritz, S. and Rochester, L. S. and Romoli, C. and Roth, M. and Sanchez, D. A. and Saz Parkinson, P. M. and Scargle, J. D. and Sgrò, C. and Siskind, E. J. and Snyder, A. and Spandre, G. and Spinelli, P. and Stephens, T. E. and Suson, D. J. and Tajima, H. and Takahashi, H. and Tanaka, T. and Thayer, J. G. and Thayer, J. B. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibaldo, L. and Tibolla, O. and Tinivella, M. and Tosti, G. and Troja, E. and Usher, T. L. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vasileiou, V. and Vianello, G. and Vitale, V. and von Kienlin, A. and Waite, A. P. and Wallace, E. and Weltevrede, P. and Winer, B. L. and Wood, K. S. and Wood, M. and Yang, Z. and Zimmer, S.},
abstractNote = {We present the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to detect photons with energies from ≈20 MeV to >300 GeV. The pre-launch response functions of the LAT were determined through extensive Monte Carlo simulations and beam tests. The point-spread function (PSF) characterizing the angular distribution of reconstructed photons as a function of energy and geometry in the detector is determined here from two years of on-orbit data by examining the distributions of γ rays from pulsars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Above 3 GeV, the PSF is found to be broader than the pre-launch PSF. We checked for dependence of the PSF on the class of γ-ray source and observation epoch and found none. We also investigated several possible spatial models for pair-halo emission around BL Lac AGNs. Finally, we found no evidence for a component with spatial extension larger than the PSF and set upper limits on the amplitude of halo emission in stacked images of low- and high-redshift BL Lac AGNs and the TeV blazars 1ES0229+200 and 1ES0347–121.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/54},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
number = 1,
volume = 765,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2013},
month = {Fri Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2013}
}
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    • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2018/04/060

    The NuSTAR view on hard-TeV BL Lacs
    journal, May 2018

    • Costamante, L.; Bonnoli, G.; Tavecchio, F.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 477, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty857

    Bow Ties in the Sky. II. Searching for Gamma-Ray Halos in the Fermi Sky Using Anisotropy
    journal, November 2017

    • Tiede, Paul; Broderick, Avery E.; Shalaby, Mohamad
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9375

    A Coincidence Search for Cosmic Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emitting Sources Using IceCube and Fermi -LAT Public Data
    journal, August 2018

    Missing Gamma-Ray Halos and the Need for New Physics in the Gamma-Ray Sky
    journal, November 2018

    • Broderick, Avery E.; Tiede, Paul; Chang, Philip
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae5f2

    Impact of Plasma Instability on Constraint of the Intergalactic Magnetic Field
    journal, December 2018

    X-Rays from e ± Pair Halos
    journal, August 2019

    • Eungwanichayapant, A.; Luangtip, W.; Maithong, W.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab288f

    A Search for Cosmic Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Emitting Transients in 7.3 yr of ANTARES and Fermi LAT Data
    journal, November 2019

    • Solares, H. A. Ayala; Cowen, D. F.; DeLaunay, J. J.
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4a74

    Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions as the Origin of Very High-energy γ -Rays from BL Lacertae Objects
    journal, February 2020

    • Das, Saikat; Gupta, Nayantara; Razzaque, Soebur
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6131

    Bow Ties in the Sky II: Searching for Gamma-ray Halos in the Fermi Sky Using Anisotropy
    text, January 2017

    The NuSTAR view on Hard-TeV BL Lacs
    text, January 2017

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