Mechanical properties of photomultiplier tube glasses for neutrino detection
Abstract
Photomultiplier tubes ( PMT ) are one of the primary components of water Cherenkov neutrino detection for the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment ( LBNE ). Thousands of 10‐ to 12‐inch diameter PMT bulbs are placed in the inner wall of a detection tank or a reservoir (e.g., deep mine) filled with 10,000 gallons of high purity water with a resistivity of 11–18.24 MΩ‐cm. Long‐term service of PMT s is vital to the success of neutrino detection projects. We report our results of our investigation on mechanical properties of PMT glasses from two vendors and the effect of ion exchange on their mechanical strength. Vickers indentation, four‐point bend test, and ring‐on‐ring biaxial flexural strength test were used for evaluation of the mechanical strength. Chemical (potassium–sodium ion exchange) strengthening results show increased strength of 46% in one vendor glass and a 57% increase in the other, with no significant reduction in optical transmission in the ultraviolet‐visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum that is critical to neutrino detection. Our results also show narrowing of the distribution of strength calculated using Weibull statistics with chemical strengthening for comparable exchange depths of 22–28 μm.
- Authors:
-
- Alfred Univ., Alfred, NY (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1354632
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1400520
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-113775-2017-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1286; R&D Project: PO-022; KA2201020
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC00112704
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- International Journal of Applied Glass Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1286
- Publisher:
- American Ceramic Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; photomultiplier; tubes; neutrino; glasses
Citation Formats
Dongol, Ruhil, Chambliss, Kameron, Sundaram, Shanmugavelayutham K., and Diwan, Milind V. Mechanical properties of photomultiplier tube glasses for neutrino detection. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1111/ijag.12140.
Dongol, Ruhil, Chambliss, Kameron, Sundaram, Shanmugavelayutham K., & Diwan, Milind V. Mechanical properties of photomultiplier tube glasses for neutrino detection. United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12140
Dongol, Ruhil, Chambliss, Kameron, Sundaram, Shanmugavelayutham K., and Diwan, Milind V. Mon .
"Mechanical properties of photomultiplier tube glasses for neutrino detection". United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12140. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1354632.
@article{osti_1354632,
title = {Mechanical properties of photomultiplier tube glasses for neutrino detection},
author = {Dongol, Ruhil and Chambliss, Kameron and Sundaram, Shanmugavelayutham K. and Diwan, Milind V.},
abstractNote = {Photomultiplier tubes ( PMT ) are one of the primary components of water Cherenkov neutrino detection for the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment ( LBNE ). Thousands of 10‐ to 12‐inch diameter PMT bulbs are placed in the inner wall of a detection tank or a reservoir (e.g., deep mine) filled with 10,000 gallons of high purity water with a resistivity of 11–18.24 MΩ‐cm. Long‐term service of PMT s is vital to the success of neutrino detection projects. We report our results of our investigation on mechanical properties of PMT glasses from two vendors and the effect of ion exchange on their mechanical strength. Vickers indentation, four‐point bend test, and ring‐on‐ring biaxial flexural strength test were used for evaluation of the mechanical strength. Chemical (potassium–sodium ion exchange) strengthening results show increased strength of 46% in one vendor glass and a 57% increase in the other, with no significant reduction in optical transmission in the ultraviolet‐visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum that is critical to neutrino detection. Our results also show narrowing of the distribution of strength calculated using Weibull statistics with chemical strengthening for comparable exchange depths of 22–28 μm.},
doi = {10.1111/ijag.12140},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Glass Science},
number = 1,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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